Name: phthalic acid ester-binding dna aptamer selection, characterization, and application to an electrochemical aptasensor
Uploaded: 2018-03-21T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Phthalic Acid Ester-Binding DNA Aptamer Selection, Characterization, and Application to an Electrochemical Aptasensor at JoVE.com

Vi er takknemlige for økonomisk støtte fra National Natural Science Foundation (21675112), Key prosjektet av vitenskap og teknologi plan Beijing utdanning provisjon (KZ201710028027) og Yanjing ung forsker Program av hovedstaden Normal University.

1. bibliotek og Primer og syntese
<ol><li>
Utforme de første bibliotek og primere. Biblioteket (Pool0): 5'-TCCCACGCATTCTCCACATC-N40-CCTTTCTGTCCTTCCGTCAC-3 " Videresende primer (FP): 5'-TCCCACGCATTCTCCACATC-3 " Fosforylert omvendt primer (PO4- RP): 5'-PO4- GTGACGGAAGGACAGAAAGG-3 "</li>
	<li>Syntetisere bassenget0, FP og PO4- RP bruker standard phosphoramidite kjemi18,19,...

<ol>
	<li>Vorkamp, K., Riget, F. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+new+and+current-use+contaminants+in+the+Arctic+environment:+Evidence+of+long-range+transport+and+indications+of+bioaccumulation.">A review of new and current-use contaminants in the Arctic environment: Evidence of long-range transport and indications of bioaccumulation.</a> Chemosphere. 111, 379-395 (2014).</li><li>Net, S., Sempere, R., Delmont, A., Paluselli, A., Ouddane, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Occurrence,+fate,+behavior+and+ecotoxicological+state+of+phthalates+in+different+environmental+matrices.">Occurrence, fate, behavior and ecotoxicological state of phthalates in different environmental matrices.</a> Environ Sci Technol. 49 (7), 4019-4035 (2015).</li><li>Xie, Q. L., Liu, S. H., Fan, Y. Y., Sun, J. Z., Zhang, X. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+phthalate+esters+in+edible+oils+by+use+of+QuEChERS+coupled+with+ionic-liquid-based+dispersive+liquid-liquid+microextraction+before+high-performance+liquid+chromatography.">Determination of phthalate esters in edible oils by use of QuEChERS coupled with ionic-liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction before high-performance liquid chromatography.</a> Anal BioanalChem. 406 (18), 4563-4569 (2014).</li><li>Ierapetritis, I., Lioupis, A., Lampi, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+phthalates+into+vegetable+oils+by+isotopic+dilution+gas+chromatography+mass+spectrometry.">Determination of phthalates into vegetable oils by isotopic dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry.</a> Food Anal Methods. 7 (7), 1451-1457 (2014).</li><li>Sun, J. Z., He, H., Liu, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+phthalic+acid+esters+in+Chinese+white+spirit+using+dispersive+liquid-liquid+microextraction+coupled+with+sweeping+beta-cyclodextrin-modified+micellar+electrokinetic+chromatography.">Determination of phthalic acid esters in Chinese white spirit using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with sweeping beta-cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography.</a> J Sep Sci. 37 (13), 1679-1686 (2014).</li><li>Yilmaz, P. K., Ertas, A., Kolak, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+determination+of+seven+phthalic+acid+esters+in+beverages+using+ultrasound+and+vortex-assisted+dispersive+liquid-liquid+microextraction+followed+by+high-performance+liquid+chromatography.">Simultaneous determination of seven phthalic acid esters in beverages using ultrasound and vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography.</a> J Sep Sci. 37 (16), 2111-2117 (2014).</li><li>Sun, R., Zhuang, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+ultrasensitive+gold+nanoparticles+improved+real-time+immuno-PCR+assay+for+detecting+diethyl+phthalate+in+foodstuff+samples.">An ultrasensitive gold nanoparticles improved real-time immuno-PCR assay for detecting diethyl phthalate in foodstuff samples.</a> Anal Biochem. 480, 49-57 (2015).</li><li>Sun, R. Y., Zhuang, H. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+sensitive+heterogeneous+biotin-streptavidin+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay+for+the+determination+of+di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate+(DEHP)+in+beverages+using+a+specific+polyclonal+antibody.">A sensitive heterogeneous biotin-streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in beverages using a specific polyclonal antibody.</a> Anal Methods. 6 (24), 9807-9815 (2014).</li><li>Zhou, L., Lei, Y., Zhang, D., Ahmed, S., Chen, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+ultra-sensitive+monoclonal+antibody-based+enzyme-linked+immunosobent+assay+for+dibutyl+phthalate+in+human+urinary.">An ultra-sensitive monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosobent assay for dibutyl phthalate in human urinary.</a> Sci Total Environ. 541, 570-578 (2016).</li><li>Shen, J., Li, Y., Gu, H., Xia, F., Zuo, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+development+of+sandwich+assay+based+on+the+nanobiotechnologies+for+proteins,+nucleic+Acids,+small+Molecules,+and+ions.">Recent development of sandwich assay based on the nanobiotechnologies for proteins, nucleic Acids, small Molecules, and ions.</a> Chem Rev. 114 (15), 7631-7677 (2014).</li><li>Yin, X. -. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+nucleic+acids+for+electrochemical+and+electrochemiluminescent+sensing+applications.">Functional nucleic acids for electrochemical and electrochemiluminescent sensing applications.</a> TrAC, Trends Anal Chem. 33, 81-94 (2012).</li><li>Nguyen, V. -. T., Kwon, Y. S., Gu, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aptamer-based+environmental+biosensors+for+small+molecule+contaminants.">Aptamer-based environmental biosensors for small molecule contaminants.</a> Curr Opin Biotechnol. 45, 15-23 (2017).</li><li>Groher, F., Suess, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+selection+of+antibiotic-binding+aptamers.">In vitro selection of antibiotic-binding aptamers.</a> Methods. 106, 42-50 (2016).</li><li>Yang, K. -. A., Pei, R., Stojanovic, M. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+selection+and+amplification+protocols+for+isolation+of+aptameric+sensors+for+small+molecules.">In vitro selection and amplification protocols for isolation of aptameric sensors for small molecules.</a> Methods. 106, 58-65 (2016).</li><li>Jing, M., Bowser, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+for+measuring+aptamer-protein+equilibria:+a+review.">Methods for measuring aptamer-protein equilibria: a review.</a> Anal. Chim. Acta. 686 (1-2), 9-18 (2011).</li><li>Mehta, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selection+and+characterization+of+PCB-binding+DNA+aptamers.">Selection and characterization of PCB-binding DNA aptamers.</a> Anal Chem. 84 (3), 1669-1676 (2012).</li><li>Matsumoto, M., Hirata-Koizumi, M., Ema, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Potential+adverse+effects+of+phthalic+acid+esters+on+human+health:+A+review+of+recent+studies+on+reproduction.">Potential adverse effects of phthalic acid esters on human health: A review of recent studies on reproduction.</a> Regul Toxicol Pharm. 50 (1), 37-49 (2008).</li><li>Goodchild, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conjugates+of+oligonucleotides+and+modified+oligonucleotides:+a+review+of+their+synthesis+and+properties.">Conjugates of oligonucleotides and modified oligonucleotides: a review of their synthesis and properties.</a> Bioconjug Chem. 1 (3), 165-187 (1990).</li><li>Brown, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+brief+history+of+oligonucleotide+synthesis.">A brief history of oligonucleotide synthesis.</a> Protocols for Oligonucleotides and Analogs: Synthesis and Properties. , 1-17 (1993).</li><li>Reese, C. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oligo-and+poly-nucleotides:+50+years+of+chemical+synthesis.">Oligo-and poly-nucleotides: 50 years of chemical synthesis.</a> Org Biomol Chem. 3 (21), 3851-3868 (2005).</li><li>Sproat, B., Colonna, F., Mullah, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+efficient+method+for+the+isolation+and+purification+of+oligoribonucleotides.">An efficient method for the isolation and purification of oligoribonucleotides.</a> Nucleos Nucleot Nucl. 14 (1-2), 255-273 (1995).</li><li>Han, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selection+of+group-specific+phthalic+acid+esters+binding+DNA+aptamers+via+rationally+designed+target+immobilization+and+applications+for+ultrasensitive+and+highly+selective+detection+of+phthalic+acid+esters.">Selection of group-specific phthalic acid esters binding DNA aptamers via rationally designed target immobilization and applications for ultrasensitive and highly selective detection of phthalic acid esters.</a> Anal Chem. 89 (10), 5270-5277 (2017).</li><li>Bartlett, J. M. S., Stirling, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+short+history+of+the+polymerase+chain+reaction.">A short history of the polymerase chain reaction.</a> PCR protocols. , 3-6 (2003).</li><li>Saiki, R. K., Scharf, S., Faloona, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enzymatic+amplification+of+beta-globin+genomic+sequences+and+restriction+site+analysis+for+diagnosis+of+sickle+cell+anemia.">Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia.</a> Science. 230, 1350-1354 (1985).</li><li>Albright, L. M., Slatko, B. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Denaturing+polyacrylamide+gel+electrophoresis.">Denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.</a> Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry. , A. 3B 1-A. 3B 5 (2001).</li><li>Summer, H., Gr&#228;mer, R., Dr&#246;ge, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Denaturing+urea+polyacrylamide+gel+electrophoresis+(Urea+PAGE).">Denaturing urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Urea PAGE).</a> JoVE. (32), e1485 (2009).</li><li>Jing, M., Bowser, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+for+measuring+aptamer-protein+equilibria:+a+review.">Methods for measuring aptamer-protein equilibria: a review.</a> Anal Chim Acta. 686 (1), 9-18 (2011).</li><li>Sharma, T. K., Bruno, J. G., Dhiman, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ABCs+of+DNA+aptamer+and+related+assay+development.">ABCs of DNA aptamer and related assay development.</a> Biotechnol Adv. 35 (2), 275-301 (2017).</li><li>Liu, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Signaling-probe+displacement+electrochemical+aptamer-based+sensor+(SD-EAB)+for+detection+of+nanomolar+kanamycin+A.">Signaling-probe displacement electrochemical aptamer-based sensor (SD-EAB) for detection of nanomolar kanamycin A.</a> Electrochim Acta. 182, 516-523 (2015).</li><li>Mendonsa, S. D., Bowser, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+evolution+of+functional+DNA+using+capillary+electrophoresis.">In vitro evolution of functional DNA using capillary electrophoresis.</a> J Am Chem Soc. 126, 20-21 (2004).</li><li>Lou, X. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micromagnetic+selection+of+aptamers+in+microfluidic+channels.">Micromagnetic selection of aptamers in microfluidic channels.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106 (9), 2989-2994 (2009).</li><li>Cho, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+selection+of+DNA+aptamers+through+microfluidic+selection+and+high-throughput+sequencing.">Quantitative selection of DNA aptamers through microfluidic selection and high-throughput sequencing.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 15373-15378 (2010).</li><li>Cho, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+selection+and+parallel+characterization+of+aptamers.">Quantitative selection and parallel characterization of aptamers.</a> Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 110 (46), 18460-18465 (2013).</li><li>Song, K. -. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gold+nanoparticle-based+colorimetric+detection+of+kanamycin+using+a+DNA+aptamer.">Gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric detection of kanamycin using a DNA aptamer.</a> Anal Biochem. 415 (2), 175-181 (2011).</li><li>Yang, Z., Ding, X., Guo, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Second+generation+of+signaling-probe+displacement+electrochemical+aptasensor+for+detection+of+picomolar+ampicillin+and+sulfadimethoxine.">Second generation of signaling-probe displacement electrochemical aptasensor for detection of picomolar ampicillin and sulfadimethoxine.</a> Sens Actuators B. 253 (2017), 1129-1136 (2017).</li><li>Lou, X., Zhao, T., Liu, R., Ma, J., Xiao, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Self-assembled+DNA+monolayer+buffered+dynamic+ranges+of+mercuric+electrochemical+sensor.">Self-assembled DNA monolayer buffered dynamic ranges of mercuric electrochemical sensor.</a> Anal Chem. 85 (15), 7574-7580 (2013).</li><li>Zhao, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoprobe-enhanced,+split+aptamer-based+electrochemical+sandwich+assay+for+ultrasensitive+detection+of+small+molecules.">Nanoprobe-enhanced, split aptamer-based electrochemical sandwich assay for ultrasensitive detection of small molecules.</a> Anal Chem. 87 (15), 7712-7719 (2015).</li><li>Lou, X., He, L. 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En fremragende fordelen med aptamers er at de er identifisert gjennom metoden i vitro SELEX, mens antistoffer genererte via i vivo immunoreactions. Derfor kan aptamers velges med ønsket mål spesifisitet under velutformede eksperimentelle forhold, mens antistoffer er begrenset til fysiologiske forhold.
For å lette separasjon av bundet sekvenser fra frie sekvenser, flere modifisert SELEX nylig er rapportert, som kapillær geleelektroforese30, microflu...

Rask økonomisk vekst er akselerasjon av industrialisering og urbane konstruksjon, miljøforurensning mer alvorlig enn noensinne. Typisk miljøgifter inkluderer heavy metall ioner, toksiner, antibiotika, plantevernmidler, endokrine disruptors og Persistente organiske miljøgifter (kommer). Dessuten metall ioner og giftstoffer, andre miljøgifter er små molekyler at ganske ofte består av en rekke kongenere. De mest giftige dukker inkluderer for eksempel polyklorerte bifenyler (PCB), Polysykliske aromatiske hydrokarboner (PAH), polybromert biphenyl etere (PBDEs), polyklorerte dibenzo-p-dioksin (PCDDs), polyklorerte dibenzofuran (PCDFs), og phthalic Acid estere (PAEs)1,2, som består av mange kongenere. Små molekyl gjenkjenning er hovedsakelig utført av Ture/mass massespektrometri-baserte teknikker på grunn av sitt mangfold programmer3,4,5,6. For på stedet detektorer, har antistoff-baserte metoder nylig vært utviklet7,8,9. Men siden disse metodene er svært spesifikke for en bestemt congener, må flere tester utføres. Hva er mer alvorlig er at romanen kongenere vokser så fort at deres antistoffer ikke kan genereres i tid. Derfor kan utviklingen av gruppespesifikke biosensors å overvåke den totale nivået av alle kongenere i en test gi en uvurderlig beregning for å vurdere miljøforurensning status.
Nylig har nukleinsyre aptamers vært mye brukt som anerkjennelse elementer i ulike biosensing plattformer på grunn av deres evne til å gjenkjenne en rekke mål, fra ioner og små molekyler proteiner og celler10,11 ,12. Aptamers er identifisert gjennom en i vitro metode kalt systematisk utviklingen av ligander av eksponentiell berikelse (SELEX)13,14. SELEX begynner med tilfeldig syntetiske enkelt tråd oligonucleotide biblioteket, som inneholder ca 1014-1015 sekvenser. Størrelsen på tilfeldig biblioteket sikrer mangfoldet av RNA eller DNA kandidat strukturer. Typisk SELEX prosessen består av flere runder berikelse til biblioteket er beriket i sekvenser med høy affinitet og spesifisiteten til målet. Siste beriket bassenget er deretter sekvensielt og dissosiasjon konstanter (Kd) og selektivitet mot potensielle forstyrrende stoffer bestemmes av ulike teknikker som filtrerer bindende, affinitet Ture, overflate Plasmon resonans (SPR), etc. 15
Svært dårlig vannløselighet og mangel på funksjonelle grupper for overflate immobilisering er aptamer utvalget av dukker teoretisk vanskelig. Betydelige fremskritt for SELEX har fart oppdagelsen av aptamers. Men blitt valg av gruppespesifikke aptamers for dukker ikke har rapportert. Så langt har bare PCB-bindende DNA aptamers med høy spesifisitet for en viss congener vært identifisert16. PAEs brukes hovedsakelig i polyvinylklorid materialer, endre polyvinylklorid fra en hard plast til en elastisk plast, dermed fungerer som en plasticizer. Noen PAEs har blitt identifisert som endokrine disruptors, kan forårsake alvorlig skade leveren og nyrefunksjon, redusere motilitet i mannlige sperm, og kan føre til unormal sperm morfologi og testikkelkreft17. Verken sammensatte- eller gruppespesifikke PAE-bindende aptamers har rapportert.
Målet med dette arbeidet er å gi en representant protokoll for å velge gruppespesifikke DNA aptamers til svært hydrofobe små molekyler som PAEs, en representant gruppe dukker. Vi viser også anvendelsen av den valgte aptamer for gjenkjenning av miljøforurensning. Denne protokollen gir veiledning og innsikt for aptamer å andre hydrofobe små molekyler.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>UV-2550</td>
			<td>Shimadzu,Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>protocol, section 3.8.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNA Engnine Thermal cycler,PTC0200</td>
			<td>BIO-RAD</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>section 3.5.1.2 and 3.5.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C1000 Touch</td>
			<td>BIO-RAD</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>section 5.3.6 and 6.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VMP3 multichannel potentiostat</td>
			<td>Bio-Logic Science, Claix, France</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>section 7.4,7.8 and 7.11</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare (Piscataway, NJ, USA)</td>
			<td>10220020</td>
			<td>argarose beads, section 2.3 and 3.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dynabeads M-270 carboxylic acid magnetic beads</td>
			<td>Invitrogen, USA</td>
			<td>420420</td>
			<td>magnetic beads,section 5.2. and 5.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Premix Taq Hot Start Version</td>
			<td>Takara,Dalian,China</td>
			<td>R028A</td>
			<td>polymerase, section 3.5.1.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PARAFILM Sealing Membrane</td>
			<td>Bemis, USA</td>
			<td>PM-996</td>
			<td>section 3.6.5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lambda Exonuclease</td>
			<td>Invitrogen, USA</td>
			<td>EN0561</td>
			<td>section3.7.1.2.The 10 &#215; reaction buffer is provided along with &#955; exonuclease by the provider.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dr. GenTLE 
			Precipitation Carrier</td>
			<td>Takara,Dalian,China</td>
			<td>9094</td>
			<td>section 3.6.2 and 3.8.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UNIQ-10 PAGE DNA recovery kit</td>
			<td>Sangon Biotech (Shanghai)</td>
			<td>B511135</td>
			<td>section 4.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SYBR Gold nucleic acid gel stain</td>
			<td>Invitrogen, USA</td>
			<td>1811838</td>
			<td>nucelic acid stain dye, section 3.5.1.5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SYBR Premix Ex Taq II</td>
			<td>Takara,Dalian,China</td>
			<td>RR820A</td>
			<td>polymerase mix contaning polymerase and dNTPs, section 5.3.5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS: 1132-61-2</td>
			<td>section 5.2.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen, USA</td>
			<td>CAS: 25952-53-8</td>
			<td>section 5.2.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>6066-82-6</td>
			<td>section 5.2.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mercaptohexanol (MCH)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS: 1633-78-9</td>
			<td>section 7.7</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold electrode</td>
			<td>Shanghai Chenhua</td>
			<td>CHI101</td>
			<td>section 7.4. - 7.11</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS: 51805-45-9</td>
			<td>section 7.5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>O-(2-Mercaptoethyl)-O&#39;-methyl-hexa-(ethylene glycol)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS: 651042-82-9</td>
			<td>section 7.7</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)</td>
			<td>National Institute of Metrology, China</td>
			<td>CAS: 117-81-7</td>
			<td>section 7.11</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween 20</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS: 9005-64-5</td>
			<td>polyoxyethy-lene(20) sorbaitan monolaurate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS: 9002-93-1</td>
			<td>non-ionic surface active agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5368</td>
			<td>10 mM phosphate buffer containing 1 M NaCl, pH 7.4</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

phthalic acid ester-binding dna aptamer selection, characterization, and application to an electrochemical aptasensor

Phthalic syre estere (PAEs) areone av de store gruppene av Persistente organiske miljøgifter. Gruppespesifikke påvisning av PAEs er svært ønskelig på grunn av rask vokser kongenere. DNA aptamers har blitt stadig mer brukt som anerkjennelse elementer på biosensor plattformer, men velge aptamers mot svært hydrofobe små molekyl mål som PAEs, er sjelden rapportert. Dette verket beskriver en perle-basert metode for Velg gruppespesifikke DNA aptamers til PAEs. Gruppen amino functionalized Dibutylftalat (DBP-NH2) som anker målet ble syntetisert og immobilisert på epoxy-aktivert agarose perler, at visningen av gruppen phthalic ester på overflaten av immobilisering matrise, og Derfor valg av gruppespesifikke bindemidler. Vi bestemt dissosiasjon konstantene i aptamer kandidater av kvantitative polymerisasjon kjedereaksjon kombinert med magnetiske separasjon. Den relative slektskap og selektivitet av aptamers til andre PAEs ble fastsatt av de konkurransedyktige analyser, der aptamer kandidatene var pre avgrenset til DBP-NH2 knyttet magnetiske perler og frigitt til nedbryting på inkubasjon med de testet PAEs eller andre potensielle forstyrrende stoffer. Konkurransedyktige analysen ble brukt fordi det ga en lettvinte affinitet sammenligning mellom PAEs som hadde ingen funksjonelle grupper for overflate immobilisering. Endelig vi viste fabrikasjon av en elektrokjemisk aptasensor og brukte den for ultrasensitive og selektiv påvisning av bis(2-ethylhexyl) ftalat. Denne protokollen gir innsikt for aptamer å andre hydrofobe små molekyler.

Vi designet og syntetisk aminosyre gruppe functionalized Dibutylftalat (DBP-NH2) som anker mål (figur 1F). Vi har utført DNA aptamer valg av PAEs bruker DBP-NH2 anker for målet og følge klassisk målet immobilisering-basert metode (figur 2). Hver runde, ble en pilot PCR utført ved hjelp av siden denaturert for å optimalisere syklus antall PCR (Figur 3). SIDEN denaturert i ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Phthalic Acid Ester-Binding DNA Aptamer Selection, Characterization, and Application to an Electrochemical Aptasensor at JoVE.com

Phthalic Acid Ester-Binding DNA Aptamer Selection, Characterization, and Application to an Electrochemical Aptasensor

En protokoll for i vitro valg og karakterisering av gruppespesifikke phthalic syre ester-bindende DNA aptamers presenteres. Anvendelsen av den valgte aptamer i en elektrokjemisk aptasensor er også inkludert.

Phthalic syre Ester-bindende DNA Aptamer utvalg, karakterisering og programmet en elektrokjemisk Aptasensor

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) areone of the major groups of persistent organic pollutants. The group-specific detection of PAEs is highly desired due to the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Folding and Characterization of a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

Folding og karakterisering av en Bio-responsive Robot fra DNA Origami

The DNA nanorobot is a hollow hexagonal nanometric device, designed to open in response to specific stimuli and present cargo sequestered inside. Both ...

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

Nukleosidtrifosfater - Fra Synthesis til Biokjemisk karakterisering

The  traditional strategy for the introduction of chemical functionalities is the  use of solid-phase synthesis by appending suitably modified ...

An Inverse Analysis Approach to the Characterization of Chemical Transport in Paints

En invers Analyse Tilnærming til Karakterisering av Chemical Transport i Maling

The ability to directly characterize chemical transport and interactions that occur within a material (i.e., subsurface dynamics) is a vital component in ...

Dynamic Electrochemical Measurement of Chloride Ions

Dynamisk Elektrokjemisk Måling av kloridioner

This protocol describes the dynamic measurement of chloride ions using the transition time of a silver silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrode. Silver silver ...

An Aptamer-based Sensor for Unchelated Gadolinium(III)

An Aptamer-based Sensor for Unchelated GadoliniumIII

En Aptamer basert sensor for uchelatert gadolinium (III)

A method for determining the presence of unchelated trivalent gadolinium ion (Gd3+) in aqueous solution is demonstrated. Gd3+ is often present in samples ...

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation

Elektrokjemiske impedans spektroskopi som et verktøy for elektrokjemiske Rate konstant estimering

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used for advanced characterization of organic electroactive compounds along with cyclic voltammetry (CV). ...

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation

En elektrokjemisk Cholesteric flytende krystallinsk enhet for rask og lav spenning modulering

We demonstrate a method for fabricating a prototype reflective display device that contains cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) as an active component. The ...

Electrochemical Roughening of Thin-Film Platinum Macro and Microelectrodes

Elektrokjemiske Roughening av Thin-Film Platinum makro og Microelectrodes

This protocol demonstrates a method for electrochemical roughening of thin-film platinum electrodes without preferential dissolution at grain boundaries ...

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation

Asymmetrisk termoelektrokjemisk celle for høsting lavverdig varme under isothermal drift

Low-grade heat is abundantly available in the environment as waste heat. The efficient conversion of low-grade heat into electricity is very difficult. We ...

Probing Surface Electrochemical Activity of Nanomaterials using a Hybrid Atomic Force Microscope-Scanning Electrochemical Microscope (AFM-SECM)

Probing Surface Electrochemical Activity of Nanomaterials using a Hybrid Atomic Force Microscope-Scanning Electrochemical Microscope AFM-SECM

Probing overflate elektrokjemisk aktivitet av nanomaterialer ved hjelp av en hybrid atomkraft mikroskop-skanning elektrokjemisk mikroskop (AFM-SECM)

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is used to measure the local electrochemical behavior of liquid/solid, liquid/gas and liquid/liquid interfaces. ...