Name: utilization of stop-flow micro-tubing reactors for the development of organic transformations
Uploaded: 2018-01-04T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Utilization of Stop-flow Micro-tubing Reactors for the Development of Organic Transformations at JoVE.com

Vi er taknemmelige for den finansielle støtte fra National University of Singapore (R-143-000-645-112, R-143-000-665-114) og GSK-EDB (R-143-000-687-592).

Henvise til alle relevante materiale sikkerhedsdatablade (MSDS) før håndtering af eventuelle mulige giftige og kræftfremkaldende kemikalier. Gennemføre passende risikovurderinger før du starter nogen reaktioner, herunder brugen af engineering kontrolelementer, f.eks fume emhætter og gasflasker, samt iført tilstrækkelige personlige værnemidler. Ordentlig uddannelse bør gennemføres før du bruger nogen meget brandfarlig gas til at undgå eventuelle ulykker forårsaget af forkert håndtering af gasflasker.
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<ol>
	<li>Mallia, C. J., Baxendale, I. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Use+of+Gases+in+Flow+Synthesis.">The Use of Gases in Flow Synthesis.</a> Organic Process Research &amp; Development. 20 (2), 327-360 (2016).</li><li>Xue, F., Deng, H., Xue, C., Mohamed, D. K. B., Tang, K. Y., Wu, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reaction+discovery+using+acetylene+gas+as+the+chemical+feedstock+accelerated+by+the+&amp;#34;stop-flow&amp;#34;+micro-tubing+reactor+system.">Reaction discovery using acetylene gas as the chemical feedstock accelerated by the &amp;#34;stop-flow&amp;#34; micro-tubing reactor system.</a> Chemical Science. 8 (5), 3623-3627 (2017).</li><li>McTeague, T. A., Jamison, T. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photoredox+Activation+of+SF6+for+Fluorination.">Photoredox Activation of SF6 for Fluorination.</a> Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 55 (48), 15072-15075 (2016).</li><li>Mohamed, D. K. B., Yu, X., Li, J., Wu, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reaction+screening+in+continuous+flow+reactors.">Reaction screening in continuous flow reactors.</a> Tetrahedron Letters. 57 (36), 3965-3977 (2016).</li><li>Zhou, R., Liu, H., Tao, H., Yu, X., Wu, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metal-free+direct+alkylation+of+unfunctionalized+allylic/benzylic+sp3+C-H+bonds+via+photoredox+induced+radical+cation+deprotonation.">Metal-free direct alkylation of unfunctionalized allylic/benzylic sp3 C-H bonds via photoredox induced radical cation deprotonation.</a> Chemical Science. 8 (6), 4654-4659 (2017).</li><li>Prier, C. K., Rankic, D. A., MacMillan, D. W. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visible+Light+Photoredox+Catalysis+with+Transition+Metal+Complexes:+Applications+in+Organic+Synthesis.">Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis with Transition Metal Complexes: Applications in Organic Synthesis.</a> Chemical Reviews. 113 (7), 5322-5363 (2013).</li><li>Cambi&#233;, D., Bottecchia, C., Straathof, N. J. W., Hessel, V., No&#235;l, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Applications+of+Continuous-Flow+Photochemistry+in+Organic+Synthesis,+Material+Science,+and+Water+Treatment.">Applications of Continuous-Flow Photochemistry in Organic Synthesis, Material Science, and Water Treatment.</a> Chemical Reviews. 116 (17), 10276-10341 (2016).</li><li>Straathof, N. J. W., Su, Y., Hessel, V., Noel, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accelerated+gas-liquid+visible+light+photoredox+catalysis+with+continuous-flow+photochemical+microreactors.">Accelerated gas-liquid visible light photoredox catalysis with continuous-flow photochemical microreactors.</a> Nat. Protocols. 11 (1), 10-21 (2016).</li><li>Robards, K., Haddad, P. R., Jackson, P. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-performance+Liquid+Chromatography&#8212;Instrumentation+and+Techniques.">High-performance Liquid Chromatography&#8212;Instrumentation and Techniques.</a> Principles and Practice of Modern Chromatographic Methods. 5, 227-303 (1994).</li><li>Linder, V., Sia, S. K., Whitesides, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reagent-Loaded+Cartridges+for+Valveless+and+Automated+Fluid+Delivery+in+Microfluidic+Devices.">Reagent-Loaded Cartridges for Valveless and Automated Fluid Delivery in Microfluidic Devices.</a> Analytical Chemistry. 77 (1), 64-71 (2005).</li><li>Terao, K., Nishiyama, Y., Tanimoto, H., Morimoto, T., Oelgem&#246;ller, M., Morimoto, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diastereoselective+[2+2]+Photocycloaddition+of+a+Chiral+Cyclohexenone+with+Ethylene+in+a+Continuous+Flow+Microcapillary+Reactor.">Diastereoselective [2+2] Photocycloaddition of a Chiral Cyclohexenone with Ethylene in a Continuous Flow Microcapillary Reactor.</a> Journal of Flow Chemistry. 2 (3), 73-76 (2012).</li><li>Qian, D., Lawal, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Numerical+study+on+gas+and+liquid+slugs+for+Taylor+flow+in+a+T-junction+microchannel.">Numerical study on gas and liquid slugs for Taylor flow in a T-junction microchannel.</a> Chemical Engineering Science. 61 (23), 7609-7625 (2006).</li><li>Hamilton, D. S., Nicewicz, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+Catalytic+Anti-Markovnikov+Hydroetherification+of+Alkenols.">Direct Catalytic Anti-Markovnikov Hydroetherification of Alkenols.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 134 (45), 18577-18580 (2012).</li><li>Singh, A., Teegardin, K., Kelly, M., Prasad, K. S., Krishnan, S., Weaver, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Facile+synthesis+and+complete+characterization+of+homoleptic+and+heteroleptic+cyclometalated+Iridium(III)+complexes+for+photocatalysis.">Facile synthesis and complete characterization of homoleptic and heteroleptic cyclometalated Iridium(III) complexes for photocatalysis.</a> Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 776, 51-59 (2015).</li></ol>

Den nyudviklede MT reaktor er en ændring af kontinuerligt flow-system ved at tilføje afspærrings-ventiler til mikro-slanger2. I dette system, kan strømningshastighed af en ønsket mængde af reagenser standses efter behag, simulerer en batch reaktor men i micro-slanger2,10,11. Disse ventiler støtte i fangst af ønskede mængde af reagenser i HPFA eller rustfrit stål ...

Flow kemi er godt klar over bevægelse af grønne og bæredygtige processer1,2. I modsætning til batch reaktorer, kontinuerlig flow reaktorer i besiddelse af betydelige fordele, såsom forbedret termisk management, udvidet blande kontrol og indre pres forordning. Disse fordele i høj grad reducere dannelsen af biprodukter i kontinuerlig flow-system. Derudover forbedrer konstant flow bifasisk gas-væske reaktioner inden for mikro-slangen på grund af den fremragende interfacial areal af reagenser i forskellige stater. Kontinuert flow reaktorer også give en god platform for fotosyntese på grund af den forbedrede og ensartet lys belysning på tværs af mikro-slange3.
Trods succes i kontinuerlig flow-teknologi er der stadig begrænsninger i reaktion screening for parametre, der involverer katalysatorer, opløsningsmidler og reagenser2. Ændringer af trykket i flow-system vil drastisk påvirke flow balance. Desuden begrænses en klassisk kontinuerlig flow system generelt til én reaktion screening ad gangen, hvorved den tidskrævende for effektive parallelle reaktion screening. Reaktionstid i kontinuerlig flow syntese er også begrænset af sin mikro-slangen reaktor størrelse. Kontinuert flow screening er desuden tilbøjelige til krydskontaminering ved højere temperatur, selvom carrier medium er ansat mellem forskellige reaktioner4.
Derfor, for at løse problemer med screening diskrete parametre i kontinuerlig flow systemer, vi udviklet et stop-flow mikro-slange (MT) reaktor system for reaktion screening, der involverer gasformige reagenser og/eller foto-medierede reaktioner2. MT reaktorer omfatter elementer af både batch reaktorer og kontinuerlig flow reaktorer. Indførelsen af afspærrings-ventiler tror reagenser inden for mikro-slangen, et begreb, der svarer til en batch reaktor, og når systemet er under tryk, MT opfører sig som en miniature højtryks reaktor. MT kan derefter være neddykket i vand eller olie bad, at indføre varme i reaktoren systemet. Synligt lys kan også være skinnede på mikro-slangen periode reaktion at lette foto-medierede reaktioner.
I MT, kan brændbare eller giftige gasarter som ethylen, acetylen og kulilte, udnyttes til at skabe værdifulde kemikalier i en sikker måde i forhold til batch reaktorer1,2,4. Det er en fordel at bruge sådanne reaktive gasser som de er billig kemiske energiafgrøder og kan let fjernes efter reaktioner er afsluttet, giver en renere procedure2. Tværtimod, de fleste reaktion udvikling foretages i batch reaktorer har tendens til at udelukke brugen af reaktive gasser på grund af dens gener og risikoen for eksplosion ved forhøjet tryk og temperatur. Hvis gasformige reagenser er ansat, er de som regel tilføres batch reaktorer via boblende eller balloner. Dette gav generelt lavere reproducerbarhed eller reaktivitet på grund af den lave blanding effektivitet på grænsefladen. Selvom højtryks fartøjer er almindeligt anvendt til at forbedre reaktivitet og opløseligheden af gasser, er de besværlige med eksplosionsfare, især med brandfarlige gasser. Derudover anvendte uigennemsigtig overfladen af de almindeligt højtryks reaktorer gjorde det uegnet til foto-medierede reaktioner. Derfor, reaktioner, som består af gasformige reagenser og foto-medierede reaktioner er generelt overladt uudforsket. I denne sammenhæng giver MT reaktorer en ideel platform fordi de gasformige reagenser kan udnyttes inden for mikro-slangen med bistand fra en back trykregulator (BPR) til at regulere det indre pres i en sikker og bekvem måde2. Bortset fra reaktioner, der involverer gasformige reagenser, viser synligt lys forfremmet syntese også store løfter for organisk syntese5,6. En af de største undergang af synligt lys medierede reaktioner er imidlertid skalerbarhed i konventionelle batch reaktorer af dæmpning virkningen af photon transport i store fartøjer7. Hvis high-power lyskilder bruges, kan overdreven bestråling resultere i biprodukt dannelse. Derudover har gasformige reagenser sjældent anvendt i foto-kemiske reaktioner hovedsagelig på grund af komplicerede apparater systemet når du bruger gas-fase reaktanter på højtryk2. Gennem indførelse af en smal kanal, som MT, kan en højtryks gas miljøet opnås nemt under lys bestråling.
Derfor, denne detaljerede video har til formål at hjælpe flere forskere forstår fordelene og proceduren for at bruge MT til betingelse screening af gas-involveret transformationer og lys-medierede reaktioner.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetylene Cylinder</td>
			<td>Chem Gas PTE LTD (Singapore)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Logato 200 series Syringe pumps</td>
			<td>KD Scientific Inc</td>
			<td>788200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blue LED Strips</td>
			<td>Inwares Pte Ltd (Singapore)</td>
			<td>3528 FlexiGlow LED Strips</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PFA Tubing High Purity 1/16&#34; OD x .030&#34; ID x 50ft</td>
			<td>IDEX Health&#38;Science</td>
			<td>1632-L</td>
			<td>Depending on diameter of tubings needed</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KDS Stainless Steel Syringe</td>
			<td>KD Scientific Inc</td>
			<td>780802</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Shut-Off Valve Tefzel (ETFE) with 1/16&#34; Fittings</td>
			<td>IDEX Health&#38;Science</td>
			<td>P-782</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BPR Assembly 20 psi</td>
			<td>IDEX Health&#38;Science</td>
			<td>P-791</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luer Adapter Female Luer - Female Union</td>
			<td>IDEX Health&#38;Science</td>
			<td>P-628</td>
			<td>Known as syringe connector in this paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1/4-28 Female to Male Luer Assy</td>
			<td>IDEX Health&#38;Science</td>
			<td>P-675</td>
			<td>Known as needle connector in this paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Union Body PEEK .020 thru hole, for 1/16&#34; OD&#34;</td>
			<td>IDEX Health&#38;Science</td>
			<td>P-702-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Super Flangeless Ferrule w/SST Ring, 1/4-28 Flat-Bottom, for 1/16&#34; OD</td>
			<td>IDEX Health&#38;Science</td>
			<td>P-250X</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PEEK Low Pressure Tee Assembly 1/16&#34; PEEK .020 thru hole</td>
			<td>IDEX Health&#38;Science</td>
			<td>P-712</td>
			<td>Known as T-connector in this paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Super Flangeless Nut PEEK 1/4-28 Flat-Bottom, for 1/16&#34; &#38; 1/32&#34; OD</td>
			<td>IDEX Health&#38;Science</td>
			<td>P-255X</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro Metering Valve Assembly, 1/4-28 Flat-Bottom, for 1/16&#34; OD</td>
			<td>IDEX Health&#38;Science</td>
			<td>P-445NF</td>
			<td>Known as Needle valve in this paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Shut Off Valve Assembly PEEK .020</td>
			<td>IDEX Health&#38;Science</td>
			<td>P-732</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Terumo Syringe without needle</td>
			<td>Terumo medical</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1 mL and 3 mL depending on the volume needed</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Terumo needle</td>
			<td>Terumo medical</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>22G X 1&#189;&#8221; 
			(0.70 X 38 mm)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterican needle</td>
			<td>B | Braun Sharing Enterprise</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>21G X 4&#190;&#8221; 
			(0.80 X 120 mm)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bruker ACF300 (300 MHz)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For 300 MHz NMR scanning</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AV-III400 (400 MHZ)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For 400 MHz NMR scanning</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AMX500 (500 MHz)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For 500 MHz NMR scanning</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Merck 60 (0.040-0.063 mm) mesh silica gel</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-Iodoanisole</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>I7608-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>412740 ALDRICH 
			Bis(triphenylphosphine) 
			palladium(II) dichloride 
			&#8805;99% trace metals basis</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>412740-5G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Copper(I) iodide 
			purum, &#8805;99.5%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>03140-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N,N-Diisopropylethylamine</td>
			<td>Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>D1599</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1, 3, 5-trimethoxybenzene</td>
			<td>Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>P0250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene 
			&#8805;99%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>220159-25ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bromopentafluorobenzene 
			99%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>B75158-10G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TEMPO Green Alternative 
			98%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>214000-25G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetonitrile</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>271004-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diethylether</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>346136-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl sulfoxide</td>
			<td>VWR chemical</td>
			<td>23500.322- 25L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1,2-Dichloroethane</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>284505-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium perchlorate</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Refer to Ref. 8 for synthesis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)PF6</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Refer to Ref. 9 for synthesis</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

utilization of stop-flow micro-tubing reactors for the development of organic transformations

En ny reaktion screening teknologi til organisk syntese blev for nylig demonstreret ved at kombinere elementer fra både løbende mikro-flow og konventionelle batch reaktorer, opfundet stop-flow mikro-slange (MT) reaktorer. I MT, kan kemiske reaktioner, der kræver højt tryk blive screenet parallelt gennem en mere sikker og bekvem måde. Krydskontaminering, som er et fælles problem i reaktion screening for kontinuerlig flow reaktorer, undgås i MT. Derudover kan kommercielt tilgængelige lys-gennemtrængelige mikro-slangen indarbejdes i MT, der tjener som et glimrende valg for lys-medierede reaktioner på grund af en mere effektiv ensartet lys eksponering, i forhold til batch reaktorer. Samlet set er MT reaktor system svarer til kontinuerlig flow reaktorer og mere overlegen end batch reaktorer for reaktioner at indarbejde gas reagenser og/eller kræver lys-belysning, som giver mulighed for en simpel men meget effektiv reaktion screening system. Desuden kan nogen med succes udviklede reaktion i MT reaktor system oversættes bekvemt til kontinuerlig flow syntese for storstilet produktion.

I denne undersøgelse bruges MT til at udføre transformationer, der omfatter gasformige reagenser (tabel 1), lys-medierede reaktioner (tabel 2) og reaktioner, der involverer både gasformige reagenser og fotokatalyse (tabel 3).
Figur 1 viser en typisk set-up for gas regulator til at blive tilsluttet gasflaske for at regulere trykket af den gas, der pumpes ind i MT-systemet.
Figur 2 repræsenterer set-up af...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Utilization of Stop-flow Micro-tubing Reactors for the Development of Organic Transformations at JoVE.com

Utilization of Stop-flow Micro-tubing Reactors for the Development of Organic Transformations

En protokol til organiske reaktion screening ved hjælp af stop-flow mikro-slange (MT) reaktorer beskæftiger gasformige reaktanter og/eller synligt-lys medierede reaktioner er præsenteret.

Udnyttelse af Stop-flow mikro-slangen reaktorer til udvikling af økologisk transformationer

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Syntese af en Vandopløseligt Metal-Organic Complex Array

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of a water-soluble multimetallic peptidic array containing a predetermined sequence of metal centers such as ...

Using Capillary Electrophoresis to Quantify Organic Acids from Plant Tissue: A Test Case Examining Coffea arabica Seeds

Using Capillary Electrophoresis to Quantify Organic Acids from Plant Tissue: A Test Case Examining Coffea arabica Seeds

Brug kapillarelektroforese at kvantificere organiske syrer fra Plant Tissue: En Test Case Undersøgelse<em&gt; Ægte kaffe</em&gt; Frø

Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more terminal carboxyl (COOH) functional groups. Short chain carboxylic acids (SCCAs; carboxylic ...

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Kontrolleret Photoredox Ring-åbning polymerisering af O- Carboxyanhydrides medieret af Ni/Zn komplekser

Here, we describe an effective protocol that combines photoredox Ni/Ir catalysis with the use of a Zn-alkoxide for efficient ring-opening polymerization, ...

Surface Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Moisture Resistance

Overflade Functionalization af Metal-økologiske rammer for forbedret fugt modstand

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous inorganic materials with promising properties in gas storage and separation, catalysis and sensing. ...

Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs

Udvikling af heterogene Enantioselektive katalysatorer ved hjælp af chiral metal-organiske rammer (MOFs)

Substrate size discrimination by the pore size and homogeneity of the chiral environment at the reaction sites are important issues in the validation of ...

Efficient Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Benzenes in Water via Persulfate-promoted Benzannulation of &#945;,&#946;-Unsaturated Compounds and Alkynes

Efficient Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Benzenes in Water via Persulfate-promoted Benzannulation of ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â±,ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â²-Unsaturated Compounds and Alkynes