Name: neuron-macrophage co-cultures to activate macrophages secreting molecular factors with neurite outgrowth activity
Uploaded: 2018-03-30T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neuron-Macrophage Co-cultures to Activate Macrophages Secreting Molecular Factors with Neurite Outgrowth Activity at JoVE.com

该议定书得到了大韩民国科学、信息和通信技术和未来规划部赠款 NRF-2015R1A2A1A01003410 的支持。

所有涉及动物的实验都得到了 Ajou 大学医学院动物保育和使用委员会的批准。
1. 游离成人背根神经节神经元的培养制备
<ol><li>在建立培养之前, 先用聚 d-赖氨酸和层粘连蛋白对6井板进行预涂。在37°c 孵化一个6井板, 0.01% 聚 d-赖氨酸, 在2小时或在4°c 上过夜。然后, 用蒸馏水洗两次盘子。</li>
	<li>在室温下, 用层粘连蛋白溶液在3µg/毫升浓度下孵育板材, 然后用蒸馏水冲洗两次盘...

<ol>
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C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophages+promote+axon+regeneration+with+concurrent+neurotoxicity.">Macrophages promote axon regeneration with concurrent neurotoxicity.</a> J Neurosci. 29 (12), 3956-3968 (2009).</li><li>Barrette, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Requirement+of+myeloid+cells+for+axon+regeneration.">Requirement of myeloid cells for axon regeneration.</a> J Neurosci. 28 (38), 9363-9376 (2008).</li><li>Kwon, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contribution+of+macrophages+to+enhanced+regenerative+capacity+of+dorsal+root+ganglia+sensory+neurons+by+conditioning+injury.">Contribution of macrophages to enhanced regenerative capacity of dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons by conditioning injury.</a> J Neurosci. 33 (38), 15095-15108 (2013).</li><li>Niemi, J. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+critical+role+for+macrophages+near+axotomized+neuronal+cell+bodies+in+stimulating+nerve+regeneration.">A critical role for macrophages near axotomized neuronal cell bodies in stimulating nerve regeneration.</a> J Neurosci. 33 (41), 16236-16248 (2013).</li><li>Hannila, S. S., Filbin, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+cyclic+AMP+signaling+in+promoting+axonal+regeneration+after+spinal+cord+injury.">The role of cyclic AMP signaling in promoting axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury.</a> Exp Neurol. 209 (2), 321-332 (2008).</li><li>Kwon, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CCL2+Mediates+Neuron-Macrophage+Interactions+to+Drive+Proregenerative+Macrophage+Activation+Following+Preconditioning+Injury.">CCL2 Mediates Neuron-Macrophage Interactions to Drive Proregenerative Macrophage Activation Following Preconditioning Injury.</a> J Neurosci. 35 (48), 15934-15947 (2015).</li><li>Niemi, J. P., DeFrancesco-Lisowitz, A., Cregg, J. M., Howarth, M., Zigmond, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Overexpression+of+the+monocyte+chemokine+CCL2+in+dorsal+root+ganglion+neurons+causes+a+conditioning-like+increase+in+neurite+outgrowth+and+does+so+via+a+STAT3+dependent+mechanism.">Overexpression of the monocyte chemokine CCL2 in dorsal root ganglion neurons causes a conditioning-like increase in neurite outgrowth and does so via a STAT3 dependent mechanism.</a> Exp Neurol. 275 Pt 1, 25-37 (2016).</li><li>Cafferty, W. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conditioning+injury-induced+spinal+axon+regeneration+fails+in+interleukin-6+knock-out+mice.">Conditioning injury-induced spinal axon regeneration fails in interleukin-6 knock-out mice.</a> J Neurosci. 24 (18), 4432-4443 (2004).</li><li>Cai, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuronal+cyclic+AMP+controls+the+developmental+loss+in+ability+of+axons+to+regenerate.">Neuronal cyclic AMP controls the developmental loss in ability of axons to regenerate.</a> J Neurosci. 21 (13), 4731-4739 (2001).</li><li>Neumann, S., Woolf, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regeneration+of+dorsal+column+fibers+into+and+beyond+the+lesion+site+following+adult+spinal+cord+injury.">Regeneration of dorsal column fibers into and beyond the lesion site following adult spinal cord injury.</a> Neuron. 23 (1), 83-91 (1999).</li></ol>

这一共同文化体系的产生有几个关键步骤。重要的是要确保小鼠背节神经元和腹腔巨噬细胞的准备新鲜和健康。当所有的 DRGs 的解剖都超过30分钟时, 我们经历了突起的 CM 生长活动。此外, 腹腔巨噬细胞中血液成分的污染也导致了突起在 CM 中的生长活动减少。为了通过 db 阵营诱发强健的神经元巨噬细胞相互作用, 彻底冲洗也将是确保完全清除组织碎片和消除可能残留的细胞毒成分, 如胶原酶或红细...

在脊髓或脑损伤后, 各种研究试图增强中枢神经轴突再生。炎症反应, 不可避免地伴随着神经系统的损伤, 传统上被认为参与继发病理过程导致有害结果1,2。事实上, 能抑制炎症反应的甲基强的甲泼尼松龙是唯一经批准的治疗急性脊髓损伤的方法3。然而, 最近的研究表明, 有代表性的炎症细胞类型的巨噬细胞可以参与再生或修复受损神经系统的4,5,6。例如, 在晶状体损伤后浸润巨噬细胞产生支持再生分子, 促进视网膜神经节神经元的再生7,8。此外, 移植的背根神经节神经元增加轴突生长的区域, 巨噬细胞由酵母多糖9激活.此外, 病变部位的巨噬细胞可以为受损的周围神经创造一个生长许可的环境, 如10。
我们的研究也提供了强有力的证据, 证明巨噬细胞能促进相邻神经元轴突再生的能力。我们已经表明, 在背根神经节中的巨噬细胞活化是重要的, 以增强再生能力的节神经的感觉神经元后, 预适应周围神经系统损伤11。另一实验室12独立报告了类似的研究。我们还表明, intraganglionic 注射 dibutyryl 循环放大器 (db 阵营), 这是一个众所周知的分子, 以提高轴突再生能力的13, 诱导激活的巨噬细胞。巨噬细胞的失活消除了 db 阵营对突起生长活动的影响。随后的工程鉴定了损伤诱导神经元中 CCL2 的表达, 作为刺激细胞的信号, 可再生表型14,15。
基于上述实验结果, 我们建立了一个体外模型, 类似于在 DRGs 后发生的分子事件, 在预适应损伤模型11,14。在这个模型中, db 阵营被应用于神经元-巨噬细胞共培养诱导细胞间信号, 导致激活的巨噬细胞与支持再生表型。在这里, 我们描述了详细的协议, 我们可以生成巨噬细胞分泌分子因子促进突起的产生 (图 1)。这个实验模型说明了一个概念, 即巨噬细胞可以被刺激或诱导, 以支持轴突再生后的神经系统损伤。我们的模型也将有助于研究细胞间信号的机制, 导致激活的促再生巨噬细胞。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell culture insert transparent PET membrane 0.4&#956;m pore size</td>
			<td>Corning,Falcon</td>
			<td>353090</td>
			<td>Transparent PET membrane with 0.4-&#956;m pore size, for 6-well plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70-&#956;m nylon cell strainer</td>
			<td>Corning, Falcon</td>
			<td>352350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8-well culture slide</td>
			<td>Biocoat</td>
			<td>354632</td>
			<td>with a uniform application of Poly-D-Lysine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Red blood cell lysis buffer</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>158904</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C9407-100MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neurobasal medium</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gibco</td>
			<td>21103-049</td>
			<td>Containing 1% glutamax and 1% penicilin-streptomycin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B-27 supplement, serum free</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gibco</td>
			<td>17504-044</td>
			<td>extracellular solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutamax</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gibco</td>
			<td>35050-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-streptomycin</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gibco</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-D-lysine Hydrobromide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6407-5MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminin</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Invitrogen</td>
			<td>23017-015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adenosine 3&#39;, 5&#39;-cyclic monophosphate, N6,O2&#39;-dibutyryl-, sodium salt</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore Corporation, Calbiochem</td>
			<td>28745</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% Normal Goat Serum</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>16210072</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton-X-100</td>
			<td>Daejung Chemical and Metal Co</td>
			<td>8566-4405</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti &#946; III tubulin (Tuj-1)</td>
			<td>Promega Corporation</td>
			<td>G7121</td>
			<td>Mouse monoclonal antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A11005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemacytometer</td>
			<td>Marienfeld-Superior</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell culture CO2 incubator</td>
			<td>Panasonic</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting stereomicroscope</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss</td>
			<td>Stemi DV4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Twist shaker</td>
			<td>FINEPCR</td>
			<td>Tw3t</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tabletop centrifuge</td>
			<td>Sorvall</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus America Inc</td>
			<td>IX71</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum)</td>
			<td>VWR International, Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30919.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Friedman Pearson Rongeurs</td>
			<td>FST (Fine Science Tools)</td>
			<td>16021-14</td>
			<td>Stainless steel, 14cm, curved, single joint action</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine Scissors - Tungsten Carbide &#38; ToughCut</td>
			<td>FST (Fine Science Tools)</td>
			<td>14558-11</td>
			<td>sharp, serrated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #7 Forceps</td>
			<td>FST (Fine Science Tools)</td>
			<td>11272-30</td>
			<td>Dumoxel, 0.07 x 0.04mm, curved</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vannas Spring Scissors</td>
			<td>FST (Fine Science Tools)</td>
			<td>15000-00</td>
			<td>straight, 3mm cutting-edge, sharp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Qualitron DW-41 Micro-Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Artisan Technology Group</td>
			<td>DW-41</td>
			<td>Input Voltage: 115VAC</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

neuron-macrophage co-cultures to activate macrophages secreting molecular factors with neurite outgrowth activity

有确凿的证据表明巨噬细胞可以参与损伤神经系统的再生或修复。在这里, 我们描述了一个协议, 其中诱导巨噬细胞产生条件培养基 (CM), 促进突起的生长。成人背根神经节神经元是尖锐的离解和电镀。在神经元稳定附着后, 腹腔巨噬细胞在同一井上被贴上的单元培养物上进行共培养。Dibutyryl 循环放大器 (db 阵营) 适用于24小时的共培养, 之后, 细胞培养插入含有巨噬细胞被移动到另一个井收集 CM 为72小时。CM 从联合文化处理与 db 阵营, 当应用于一个单独成人背根神经节神经元文化, 展示结实突起生长活动。由单一细胞类型组成的单胞型、背根神经节或腹膜巨噬细胞所获得的突起的 CM 没有表现出其生长活性。这表明, 神经元和巨噬细胞之间的相互作用是必不可少的活化巨噬细胞分泌分子因子与突起生长活动成厘米。因此, 我们的共同培养范式也将有助于研究神经元-巨噬细胞相互作用中的细胞间信号, 以刺激巨噬细胞被赋予可再生的表型。

我们描述了一种能产生能分泌突起的分子因子的巨噬细胞的协议。用 db 阵营处理的共培养物获得的巨噬细胞 CM 在应用于单独的背根神经节神经元培养 (图 2A) 时产生了强健的突起。相比之下, 从 PBS 处理的共培养中获得的 CM 并没有在我们的15小时文化持续时间内诱导突起的产生 (图 2B)。当 db 阵营单独对待与巨噬细胞的文化时, 从...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neuron-Macrophage Co-cultures to Activate Macrophages Secreting Molecular Factors with Neurite Outgrowth Activity at JoVE.com

Neuron-Macrophage Co-cultures to Activate Macrophages Secreting Molecular Factors with Neurite Outgrowth Activity

神经元-巨噬细胞共培养活化巨噬细胞分泌突起活性的分子因子

目前的协议提供了实验程序, 以刺激培养的巨噬细胞, 有能力释放分子因子, 促进突起的生长。对神经元-巨噬细胞共培养的治疗, 诱导巨噬细胞产生具有强突起活性的条件培养基。

There is strong evidence that macrophages can participate in the regeneration or repair of injured nervous system. Here, we describe a protocol in which ...

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The sensory organs of the chicken inner ear are innervated by the peripheral processes of statoacoustic ganglion (SAG) neurons. Sensory organ innervation ...

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Microfluidic embodiments of the Campenot chamber have attracted great interest from the neuroscience community. These interconnected co-culture platforms ...

Intravital Imaging of Axonal Interactions with Microglia and Macrophages in a Mouse Dorsal Column Crush Injury

轴突的相互作用与小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞在小鼠背柱破碎损伤活体成像

Traumatic spinal cord injury causes an inflammatory reaction involving blood-derived macrophages and central nervous system (CNS)-resident microglia. ...

A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation

人机界面集成的低成本传感器，具有神经肌肉电刺激系统中风后康复平衡

A stroke is caused when an artery carrying blood from heart to an area in the brain bursts or a clot obstructs the blood flow to brain thereby preventing ...

Investigating Functional Regeneration in Organotypic Spinal Cord Co-cultures Grown on Multi-electrode Arrays

调查器官脊髓联合培养物中生长多电极阵列功能再生

Adult higher vertebrates have a limited potential to recover from spinal cord injury. Recently, evidence emerged that propriospinal connections are a ...

In Vivo Microdialysis Method to Collect Large Extracellular Proteins from Brain Interstitial Fluid with High-molecular Weight Cut-off Probes

In Vivo Microdialysis Method to Collect Large Extracellular Proteins from Brain Interstitial Fluid with High-molecular Weight Cut-off Probes

体内高分子量截离法从脑间质液中提取大细胞外蛋白的微透析方法

In vivo microdialysis is a powerful technique to collect ISF from awake, freely-behaving animals based on a dialysis principle. While microdialysis is an ...