Name: breast milk enhances growth of enteroids: an ex vivo model of cell proliferation
Uploaded: 2018-02-15T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation at JoVE.com

MG er støttet af tilskud K08DK101608 og R03DK111473 fra den National Institutes of Health, marts af Dimes Foundation Grant No. 5-FY17-79, børnenes Discovery Institute of Washington University og St. Louis children's Hospital og Institut for Pædiatri på Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis. CJL er understøttet af R01DK104946 (PI: Silverman), børnenes Discovery Institute of Washington University og St. Louis children's Hospital.

Alle dyr procedurer i denne undersøgelse blev godkendt af enten Washington universitetet i St. Louis institutionelle Animal Care og brug (protokol 20160187) eller University of Pittsburgh institutionelle dyrs pleje og brug udvalg (protokol 14103918). Menneskelige føtal tyndtarmen på mindre end 24-ugers drægtighed blev fremstillet i henhold til University of Pittsburgh anatomiske væv indkøb retningslinjer efter institutionelle Review Board godkendelse (protokol PRO14100537) fra University of Pittsburgh Health Scienc...

<ol>
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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Necrotizing+enterocolitis.">Necrotizing enterocolitis.</a> N Engl J Med. 364 (3), 255-264 (2011).</li><li>Bartick, M., Reinhold, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+burden+of+suboptimal+breastfeeding+in+the+United+States:+a+pediatric+cost+analysis.">The burden of suboptimal breastfeeding in the United States: a pediatric cost analysis.</a> Pediatrics. 125 (5), e1048-e1056 (2010).</li><li>Bisquera, J. A., Cooper, T. R., Berseth, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+necrotizing+enterocolitis+on+length+of+stay+and+hospital+charges+in+very+low+birth+weight+infants.">Impact of necrotizing enterocolitis on length of stay and hospital charges in very low birth weight infants.</a> Pediatrics. 109 (3), 423-428 (2002).</li><li>Leaphart, C. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+critical+role+for+TLR4+in+the+pathogenesis+of+necrotizing+enterocolitis+by+modulating+intestinal+injury+and+repair.">A critical role for TLR4 in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis by modulating intestinal injury and repair.</a> J Immunol. 179 (7), 4808-4820 (2007).</li><li>Gribar, S. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reciprocal+expression+and+signaling+of+TLR4+and+TLR9+in+the+pathogenesis+and+treatment+of+necrotizing+enterocolitis.">Reciprocal expression and signaling of TLR4 and TLR9 in the pathogenesis and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis.</a> J Immunol. 182 (1), 636-646 (2009).</li><li>Good, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amniotic+fluid+inhibits+Toll-like+receptor+4+signaling+in+the+fetal+and+neonatal+intestinal+epithelium.">Amniotic fluid inhibits Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in the fetal and neonatal intestinal epithelium.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (28), 11330-11335 (2012).</li><li>Good, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Breast+milk+protects+against+the+development+of+necrotizing+enterocolitis+through+inhibition+of+Toll-like+receptor+4+in+the+intestinal+epithelium+via+activation+of+the+epidermal+growth+factor+receptor.">Breast milk protects against the development of necrotizing enterocolitis through inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 in the intestinal epithelium via activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor.</a> Mucosal Immunol. 8 (5), 1166-1179 (2015).</li><li>Yazji, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endothelial+TLR4+activation+impairs+intestinal+microcirculatory+perfusion+in+necrotizing+enterocolitis+via+eNOS-NO-nitrite+signaling.">Endothelial TLR4 activation impairs intestinal microcirculatory perfusion in necrotizing enterocolitis via eNOS-NO-nitrite signaling.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. , (2013).</li><li>Lundberg, J. O., Weitzberg, E., Gladwin, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+nitrate-nitrite-nitric+oxide+pathway+in+physiology+and+therapeutics.">The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics.</a> Nat Rev Drug Discov. 7 (2), 156-167 (2008).</li><li>Bober-Olesinska, K., Kornacka, M. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+glutamine+supplemented+parenteral+nutrition+on+the+incidence+of+necrotizing+enterocolitis,+nosocomial+sepsis+and+length+of+hospital+stay+in+very+low+birth+weight+infants.">Effects of glutamine supplemented parenteral nutrition on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, nosocomial sepsis and length of hospital stay in very low birth weight infants.</a> Med Wieku Rozwoj. 9 (3 Pt 1), 325-333 (2005).</li><li>Li, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glutamine+decreases+lipopolysaccharide-induced+intestinal+inflammation+in+infant+rats.">Glutamine decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation in infant rats.</a> Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 286 (6), G914-G921 (2004).</li><li>Good, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+human+milk+oligosaccharide+2'-fucosyllactose+attenuates+the+severity+of+experimental+necrotising+enterocolitis+by+enhancing+mesenteric+perfusion+in+the+neonatal+intestine.">The human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose attenuates the severity of experimental necrotising enterocolitis by enhancing mesenteric perfusion in the neonatal intestine.</a> Br J Nutr. 116 (7), 1175-1187 (2016).</li><li>Jantscher-Krenn, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+human+milk+oligosaccharide+disialyllacto-N-tetraose+prevents+necrotising+enterocolitis+in+neonatal+rats.">The human milk oligosaccharide disialyllacto-N-tetraose prevents necrotising enterocolitis in neonatal rats.</a> Gut. 61 (10), 1417-1425 (2012).</li><li>Akin, I. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oral+lactoferrin+to+prevent+nosocomial+sepsis+and+necrotizing+enterocolitis+of+premature+neonates+and+effect+on+T-regulatory+cells.">Oral lactoferrin to prevent nosocomial sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis of premature neonates and effect on T-regulatory cells.</a> Am J Perinatol. 31 (12), 1111-1120 (2014).</li><li>Amin, H. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Arginine+supplementation+prevents+necrotizing+enterocolitis+in+the+premature+infant.">Arginine supplementation prevents necrotizing enterocolitis in the premature infant.</a> J Pediatr. 140 (4), 425-431 (2002).</li><li>Rodgers, C. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Practical+aspects+of+milk+collection+in+the+rat.">Practical aspects of milk collection in the rat.</a> Lab Anim. 29 (4), 450-455 (1995).</li><li>DePeters, E. J., Hovey, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+for+collecting+milk+from+mice.">Methods for collecting milk from mice.</a> J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 14 (4), 397-400 (2009).</li><li>Willingham, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Milk+collection+methods+for+mice+and+Reeves'+muntjac+deer.">Milk collection methods for mice and Reeves' muntjac deer.</a> J Vis Exp. (89), (2014).</li><li>Saxena, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+Intestinal+Enteroids:+a+New+Model+To+Study+Human+Rotavirus+Infection,+Host+Restriction,+and+Pathophysiology.">Human Intestinal Enteroids: a New Model To Study Human Rotavirus Infection, Host Restriction, and Pathophysiology.</a> J Virol. 90 (1), 43-56 (2015).</li><li>Zachos, N. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+Enteroids/Colonoids+and+Intestinal+Organoids+Functionally+Recapitulate+Normal+Intestinal+Physiology+and+Pathophysiology.">Human Enteroids/Colonoids and Intestinal Organoids Functionally Recapitulate Normal Intestinal Physiology and Pathophysiology.</a> J Biol Chem. 291 (8), 3759-3766 (2016).</li><li>Drummond, C. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enteroviruses+infect+human+enteroids+and+induce+antiviral+signaling+in+a+cell+lineage-specific+manner.">Enteroviruses infect human enteroids and induce antiviral signaling in a cell lineage-specific manner.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 114 (7), 1672-1677 (2017).</li><li>Ettayebi, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Replication+of+human+noroviruses+in+stem+cell-derived+human+enteroids.">Replication of human noroviruses in stem cell-derived human enteroids.</a> Science. 353 (6306), 1387-1393 (2016).</li></ol>

Den intestinale epitel består af mange cellulære undertyper, der er ansvarlige for at levere vært forsvar mod patogener, opretholde gut barriere integritet, og kan brydes i patogenesen af flere sygdomme. Mens dyremodeller kan sammenfatte nogle facetter af sygdommen, giver ex vivo -model af enteroids stammer fra tyndtarmen af mus og mennesker en platform for at teste effekten af forskellige behandlinger. Betydningen af enteroid modellen gør det muligt for forskere at kultur og differentiere intestinal stamcel...

Nekrotiserende enterocolitis er (NEC) den førende dødsårsag for gastrointestinal sygdom i for tidligt fødte spædbørn, der påvirker næsten 1 ud af 10 spædbørn født før 29 uger drægtighed1,2,3. Halvdelen af børn med NEC fremskridt til den mest alvorlige form, hvor overlevelse er kun 10-30%4,5. I USA, en anslået 2-3 milliarder USD pr. år er brugt behandling af spædbørn med NEC6,7, men hverken overlevelsesraten eller terapi har ændret sig i de sidste 30 år. Patogenesen af NEC er karakteriseret ved tarm skade og nedsat slimhinde helbredende8,9,10,11, dog signaling veje fører til en forværret inflammatorisk respons og mekanismer til at tilbageføre betændelse forblive ufuldstændigt forstået.
Administration af modermælk er blevet fundet for at være den kun beskyttende strategi mod NEC til for tidligt fødte spædbørn. Vi har tidligere vist, at modermælk beskytter mod NEC udvikling gennem hæmning af medfødte immun receptor toll-lignende receptor 4 (TLR4) i den intestinale epitel via epidermal vækstfaktor receptor (EGFR) signalering vej11. Tilskud af modermælk til en eksperimentel NEC formel svækket det inflammatoriske respons set i NEC som påvist ved hæmning af enterocyte apoptose og restaurering af enterocyte spredning i en måde, der var afhængige af epidermal vækst faktor (EGF) og EGFR11. I en anden undersøgelse, blev det vist, at nitrat, en anden komponent af modermælk, bidrager til dens beskyttende karakter af modulerende intestinal perfusion, sammenlignet med modermælkserstatning, der mangler nitrat og kan bidrage til øget hyppighed af NEC i formel fodret spædbørn12,13. Andre forbindelser til stede i modermælk, der har vist sig at være involveret i beskyttelse mod NEC omfatter modermælk oligosaccharider, L-arginin, Glutamin og Laktoferrin14,15,16, 17,18,19. Disse gavnlige elementer af modermælk afsløre nødvendigheden af dens brug i forebyggelsen af NEC, men også understrege betydningen af at studere de mekanismer, signalering pathways og cellular effekter involveret i hvordan modermælk mægle beskyttelse mod NEC .
I orden til yderligere undersøgelse de beskyttende egenskaber af modermælk i en musemodel af NEC, udviklede vi en roman, let at bruge teknik af hvilken mus modermælk kan udvindes fra en bedøvede dam ved hjælp af en elektrisk menneskelige bryst pumpe11,12 . Denne strategi for at erhverve mus modermælk er fordelagtigt, ikke kun fordi menneskelige brystpumper er let tilgængelige og effektive i indkøb af modermælk, men også fordi denne metode giver mulighed for artsspecifikke bryst mælk analyser. Som et resultat, vi kan sammenligne effekter af musen modermælk med dem af menneskelige udmalket mælk samt pasteuriseret menneskelige donor mælk fra en mælk bank i artsspecifikke modeller. Denne teknik giver mulighed for undersøgelse af bryst mælk komponenter i forhold til deres bidrag til NEC forebyggelse. Andre efterforskere har udviklet bryst mælk udvindingsmetoder, men disse teknikker er manuelle og typisk kræve mere end en lab medlem20,21,22. Her præsenteres en nem teknik, der kan udnyttes ved at ændre en menneskelig elektrisk brystpumpe til indsamling af mælk fra en mus. Denne teknik kan også anvendes på andre arter.
For at tilstrækkeligt afhøre signaling veje involveret med NEC, modelsystemer er nødvendige for at evaluere alle de forskellige celletyper vides at blive påvirket i sygdomsprocessen. Her diskuterer vi en sådan modelsystem - enteroids- og deres etablering fra mus og human tyndtarm. Menneskelige tarm enteroids (HIEs) give navnlig betydelige løfte, fordi de tilbyder en innovativ, genetisk forskellige ex vivo menneskelige model til støtte i studiet af patofysiologiske processer, der finder sted i mave-tarmkanalen 23. Enteroids har vist sig at være kulturperler langsigtede og kan fryses til senere brug23, og i modsætning til menneskelige tarm Organoids (HIOs), hvis kulturer er udviklet fra inducerbar pluripotente stamceller, enteroids er genereret fra stamceller inden for isolerede intestinal Krypter24. Enteroids kræver mindre vedligeholdelse, kan være smittede hurtigt25, og kan fastsættes let da intestinal crypts er mere differentieret end HIOs23. Derfor tilbyder HIEs mange fordele i forhold til eksisterende teknikker, fordi de kan udvikles til at udstille regionsspecifikke kompositoriske og funktionelle egenskaber af det menneskelige mave-tarm epitel23. Brugen af enteroids er et yderst effektivt valg når behov for en menneskelig model af tarmen, med overholdelse af regionen-specifikke begrænsninger og lethed-i-brug. Her viser vi en teknik, isolere og opretholde primære stamcelle-afledt lille tarm enteroids fra mus og tidlig menneskelige spædbørn.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle&#39;s Medium (DMEM) with 4.5 g/L Glucose and L-Glutamine</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>12-604F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>26140-079</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Humulin N (Insulin)</td>
			<td>Eli Lilly And Company</td>
			<td>0002-8315</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1x Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D8537</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gentamicin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15750-060</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Amphotericin B</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15290-026</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.5 M Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), pH 8.0</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15575-020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1x Advanced DMEM/F-12</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>12634-028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>200 mM L-Glutamine</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25030-081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 M N-2-Hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-Ethane Sulfonic Acid (HEPES)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H3537</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-Acetylcysteine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A9165</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100x N-2 Supplement</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17502-048</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50x B-27 Supplement Minus Vitamin A</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>08-0085SA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100x ROCK Inhibitor Y-27632, Dihydrochloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Y0503</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Mouse Wnt3a Protein</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>1324-WN</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Murine Noggin</td>
			<td>PeproTech</td>
			<td>250-38</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Mouse R-Spondin 1</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>3474-RS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Murine Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)</td>
			<td>PeproTech</td>
			<td>315-09</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel Growth Factor Reduced Basement Membrane Matrix</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>356231</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35 x 10 mm Cell Culture Petri Dish</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>0030700112</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24-Well Cell Culture Plate</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>0030722116</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>48-Well Cell Culture Plate</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>0030723112</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8-Well Nunc Lab-Tek II Chamber Slide System</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>154534</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL Conical Tube</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>352070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100 &#956;M Sterile Cell Strainer</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22-363-549</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70 &#956;M Sterile Cell Strainer</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22-363-548</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1x Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS), pH 7.2</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>20012-027</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>16% Paraformaldehyde (PFA)</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>15710</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8787</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween 20</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P1379</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal Donkey Serum (NDS)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D9663</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4&#39;,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole, Dihydrochloride (DAPI)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope Cover Glass</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-544-D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal Microscope Leica TCS SP8 X</td>
			<td>Leica Microsystems</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Photoshop CS6</td>
			<td>Adobe Systems</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>18 G 1.5 Inch Needle</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td>305196</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>792632</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oxytocin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>O3251</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human Double Electric Breast Pump</td>
			<td>Lansinoh</td>
			<td>044677530163</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5 mL Round Bottom Test Tube</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>352058</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber Stoppers</td>
			<td>Frey Scientific</td>
			<td>560761</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ki67 Antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>AB15580</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human Mki67 primer F: 5&#39;-GACCTCAAACTGGCTCCTAATC-3&#39; R: 5&#39;-GCTGCCAGATAGAGTCAGAAAG-3&#39;</td>
			<td>Integrated DNA Technologies</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

breast milk enhances growth of enteroids: an ex vivo model of cell proliferation

Menneskelige lille tarm enteroids er afledt af krypter og når der dyrkes i en stamcelle niche indeholder alle typer epitelcelle. Evnen til at etablere menneskelige enteroid ex vivo kultur systemer er vigtige for model intestinal Patofysiologi og til at studere de særlige cellular svar involveret. I de seneste år, er enteroids fra mus og mennesker ved at blive kulturperler, passaged, og banken væk til fremtidig brug i flere laboratorier i hele verden. Denne enteroid platform kan bruges til at teste effekten af forskellige behandlinger og lægemidler og hvilken effekt er udøvet på forskellige celletyper i tarmen. Her, en protokol til oprettelse af primære stamcelle-afledt lille tarm enteroids afledt af neonatal mus og tidlig human tarmen er fastsat. Desuden, denne enteroid kultur system var udnyttet til at teste effekten af artsspecifikke modermælk. Musen modermælk kan opnås effektivt ved hjælp af en modificeret menneskelige brystpumpe og udtrykte mus mælk kan derefter bruges til yderligere forskning eksperimenter. Vi nu demonstrere virkningerne af udtrykt mus, menneskelige, og donor modermælk på vækst og spredning af enteroids stammer fra neonatal mus eller for tidlig menneskelige tyndtarmen.

Først søgte vi at undersøge om udtrykt modermælk eller pasteuriseret donor modermælk havde en effekt på lille tarm enteroids. Faktisk, modermælk og donor modermælk øget vækst af neonatal mus (figur 1A) og tidlig menneskelige afledte enteroids (figur 1B).
Da modermælk øget vækst af små tarm enteroids, undersøgte vi næste hvis modermælk havde en virkning ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation at JoVE.com

Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation

Modermælk øger væksten af Enteroids: en Ex Vivo Model af celledelingen

Denne protokol beskriver, hvordan du opretter en enteroid kultur system fra neonatal mus eller for tidlig human tarmen samt en effektiv metode til at indsamle mælk fra mus.

Human small intestinal enteroids are derived from the crypts and when grown in a stem cell niche contain all of the epithelial cell types. The ability to ...

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Medicine

Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation

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