Name: a method for targeted 16s sequencing of human milk samples
Uploaded: 2018-03-23T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Targeted 16S Sequencing of Human Milk Samples at JoVE.com

プロトコルの開発の Helty Adisetiyo 博士と Shangxin 博士はヤンに感謝したいと思います。全体的なサポートのため、国際母性小児思春期エイズ臨床試験グループ (IMPAACT) は、国立研究所のアレルギーおよび感染症 (NIAID) の国立衛生の健康 (NIH) [受賞番号によって提供されました。UM1AI068632 (IMPAACT LOC)、UM1AI068616 (IMPAACT SDMC) と UM1AI106716 (IMPAACT LC)、児童保健および人間の開発 (NICHD) のユーニス · ケネディ · シュライバーの国立研究所、国立精神衛生研究所 (NIMH) からの共同資金とします。内容は著者の責任と NIH の公式見解を必ずしも表さない。

すべてのプロトコルについては、適切な個人用保護具 (PPE) を着用する必要がありますと厳しい汚染防止アプローチが取られる必要があります。作業後の増幅作業領域のサンプルの汚染を最小限に抑えるために領域中古増幅から作業の流れを確認します。使用すべての供給、無菌、パイロジェン DNA、DNase、RNase の無料です。すべてのピペット チップ、フィルターされます。プロトコル手順の?...

<ol>
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S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+Between+Breast+Milk+Bacterial+Communities+and+Establishment+and+Development+of+the+Infant+Gut+Microbiome.">Association Between Breast Milk Bacterial Communities and Establishment and Development of the Infant Gut Microbiome.</a> JAMA Pediatr. , (2017).</li><li>Ho, F. C., Wong, R. L., Lawton, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+colostral+and+breast+milk+cells.+A+light+and+electron+microscopic+study.">Human colostral and breast milk cells. A light and electron microscopic study.</a> Acta Paediatr Scand. 68 (3), 389-396 (1979).</li><li>Parmely, M. J., Beer, A. E., Billingham, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+studies+on+the+T-lymphocyte+population+of+human+milk.">In vitro studies on the T-lymphocyte population of human milk.</a> J Exp Med. 144 (2), 358-370 (1976).</li><li>Sabbaj, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+immunodeficiency+virus-specific+CD8(+)+T+cells+in+human+breast+milk.">Human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8(+) T cells in human breast milk.</a> J Virol. 76 (15), 7365-7373 (2002).</li><li>Jimenez, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metagenomic+Analysis+of+Milk+of+Healthy+and+Mastitis-Suffering+Women.">Metagenomic Analysis of Milk of Healthy and Mastitis-Suffering Women.</a> J Hum Lact. 31 (3), 406-415 (2015).</li><li>Ghosh, M. 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P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+placenta+samples+with+contamination+controls+does+not+provide+evidence+for+a+distinct+placenta+microbiota.">Comparison of placenta samples with contamination controls does not provide evidence for a distinct placenta microbiota.</a> Microbiome. 4 (1), 29 (2016).</li><li>Salter, S. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reagent+and+laboratory+contamination+can+critically+impact+sequence-based+microbiome+analyses.">Reagent and laboratory contamination can critically impact sequence-based microbiome analyses.</a> BMC Biol. 12, 87 (2014).</li><li>Walker, A. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=16S+rRNA+gene-based+profiling+of+the+human+infant+gut+microbiota+is+strongly+influenced+by+sample+processing+and+PCR+primer+choice.">16S rRNA gene-based profiling of the human infant gut microbiota is strongly influenced by sample processing and PCR primer choice.</a> Microbiome. 3, 26 (2015).</li><li>Glassing, A., Dowd, S. E., Galandiuk, S., Davis, B., Chiodini, R. 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D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluating+bias+of+illumina-based+bacterial+16S+rRNA+gene+profiles.">Evaluating bias of illumina-based bacterial 16S rRNA gene profiles.</a> Appl Environ Microbiol. 80 (18), 5717-5722 (2014).</li><li>Weiss, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracking+down+the+sources+of+experimental+contamination+in+microbiome+studies.">Tracking down the sources of experimental contamination in microbiome studies.</a> Genome Biol. 15 (12), 564 (2014).</li><li>Aho, V. 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Mock microbial communities Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.atcc.org/en/Products/Microbiome_Standards.aspx?utm_id=t170601524l1">https://www.atcc.org/en/Products/Microbiome_Standards.aspx?utm_id=t170601524l1</a> (2017)</li></ol>

16S rRNA の対象となる次世代シーケンスは、マイクロバイ評価18の広く使用されている、急速な手法です。バッチの効果、環境汚染、サンプルのクロスコンタミネーション、感度、再現性など、多くの要因が悪影響実験結果に影響を与えるし、その解釈7,19を混同,20. 良い実験的なデザイン、適切なコントロ?...

人間を植民地化する微生物は人間の健康、代謝、免疫の開発、疾患感受性と予防接種や薬物療法1,への応答に影響を及ぼす疾患はとても重要と考えられて2. 現在細菌叢の人間の健康に及ぼす影響を理解するための努力を強調内のローカライズされたサイトだけでなく、定義された解剖学的なコンパートメント(すなわち皮膚、腸、口腔など)に関連付けられている微生物の同定これらのコンパートメント3,では、4が。これらの調査の努力を支え、急速な出現と増加アクセシビリティ サンプルの微生物の遺伝の内容 (マイクロバイ) の解析の並列プラットフォームを提供する次世代シーケンサー (NGS) 技術です。多くの生理学的なサンプルに関連付けられたマイクロバイは複雑で豊富な (すなわちスツール), しかし、いくつかのサンプル、マイクロバイで表される (すなわち母乳、下気道) の低いバイオマス、感度、実験的工芸品および可能な汚染の主要な問題になります。マイクロバイ研究と適切な実験的なデザインの共通の課題複数レビュー記事5,6,7,8の対象とされています。
ここに記載した NGS の堅牢な実験的パイプラインは母乳のマイクロバイを特徴付ける rRNA の 16S V4 地域9のターゲット シーケンスに基づきます。人間のミルクのマイクロバイ分析は複雑なヒトの DNA レベル背景11,12,13,14の本質的に低いバイオマス10でだけ、また高と抽出した核酸の PCR 阻害剤15,16の潜在的な持ち越し。このプロトコルは、市販の抽出キットおよびサンプル調製バッチの間で変動を最小限に抑え、半自動化されたプラットフォームに依存します。プロトコルの各ステップを検証し、パイプラインの頑健性の独立したメトリックを提供する品質管理としてのサンプルと一緒に処理は、明確に定義された細菌モック コミュニティを組み込まれています。スツール、直腸、膣、皮膚、疎性結合、および経口綿棒10,17, を含む他のサンプル タイプに容易に適応可能であるそれとの開始点として使用できるプロトコルとしては説明母乳サンプルに固有ですが、マイクロバイ解析を実行したい研究者。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="956">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">AllPrep RNA/DNA Mini Kit</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">80204</td>
			<td style="width:395px;">DNA/RNA extraction kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">Eliminase</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">435532</td>
			<td>RNase, DNase, DNA decontaminant&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">Thermo Mixer</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:153px;"></td>
			<td>temperature-controlled vortexer&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">Buffer RLT plus</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td>1053393</td>
			<td>guanidinium thiocyanate lysis buffer/ Part of Allprep kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#223;-Mercaptoethanol&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>63689-25ML-F</td>
			<td>&#223;-ME is a reducing agent that will irreversibly denature RNases by reducing disulfide bonds</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">LME Beads</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">MP Biomedicals</td>
			<td>116914050</td>
			<td>bead tube</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">QIAgen TissueLyzer</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td>85300</td>
			<td>automated sample disruptor adapter set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">QIAshredder column</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td>&#160;79654</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">QIAgen RB tube</td>
			<td style="width:115px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>manufacturer&#39;s microcentrifuge tube in kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">QIAcube and related plasticware</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td>9001292</td>
			<td>automated DNA/RNA purification instrument</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">DNA exitus plus</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Applichem</td>
			<td>A7089</td>
			<td>non-enzymatic decontamination solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">EB Buffer</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">19086</td>
			<td>elution buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">QIAgility and related plasticware</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td>9001532</td>
			<td>robotic liquid handler</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PCR water</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">MO BIO</td>
			<td>17000-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">5PRIME HotMasterMix</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Quantabio</td>
			<td>2200400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">Barcoded reverse primers</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Eurofin</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">No Catalog #&#39;s</td>
			<td>designed and ordered</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">&#160;96 well PCR plate</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">USA scientific</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">1402-9708</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">Tapestation 2200 and related plasticware</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Agilent</td>
			<td>G2964AA</td>
			<td>automated DNA/RNA fragment analyzer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">D1000 reagents for Tapestation&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Agilent</td>
			<td>5067-5585</td>
			<td>Sample buffer and ladder are part of this kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">OneStep PCR Inhibitor Removal Kit&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Zymo Research</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">50444470</td>
			<td>PCR inhibitor removal is done per the manufacturer&#39;s instructions.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">QIAquick PCR Purification Kit</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">28104</td>
			<td>DNA clean up kit: silica-membrane-based purification of PCR products</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Qubit dsDNA HS Assay Kit</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Q32854</td>
			<td>dimethylsulfoxide-based dilution buffer and dye are part of this kit.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">Qubit Fluorometer</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>Q33216</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">NanoDrop</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:153px;"></td>
			<td>microvolume spectrophotometer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">MiSeq 300 V2 kit</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Illumina</td>
			<td>15033624/15033626</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">MiSeq&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Illumina</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">No Catalog #&#39;s</td>
			<td>next generation sequencer</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a method for targeted 16s sequencing of human milk samples

微生物の研究が比較的安価、迅速、かつ高スループット シーケンスの開発と普及します。しかし、これらのすべてのテクノロジと同様再現性のある結果は適切な予防とコントロールを組み込んだ室のワークフローに依存します。これは、バクテリアの DNA を汚染すると誤解を招く結果を生成できます低バイオマス サンプルと特に重要です。この記事は、低半ば throughput スケールの 16S リボソーム RNA (rRNA) V4 領域のターゲット シーケンスを使用して人間の母乳サンプルから微生物を識別するために半自動化されたワークフローを詳しく説明します。プロトコル記述から全乳を含む試料: 換散、核酸抽出、増幅 16S rRNA 遺伝子と品質への取り組みと図書館準備の V4 領域のサンプルします。重要なは、プロトコルおよび議論は顕著な準備と適切な正と負のコントロール、PCR 阻害物質の除去、サンプルの汚染を含む環境、試薬による低バイオマス試料の分析には、問題を考慮または実験のソース、および再現性を確保するために設計されたベスト ・ プラクティスの実験。前述のプロトコルは母乳サンプルに固有ですが、綿棒、きちんとした、または保全バッファーで安定化を凍結で収集されたサンプルを含む多数の低と高バイオマス サンプル タイプに適応されます。

ここで提示されたプロトコルには、生成されたデータのミートがプロトコルの感度、特異性、および汚染制御のベンチマーク テストを確認する重要な品質管理 (QC) 手順が含まれています。プロトコルの最初の品質管理手順に従います PCR 増幅 16S V4 地域 (図 2)。各サンプルからの PCR の製品の 1 つの μ L は 315 450 bp (図 2の赤?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Targeted 16S Sequencing of Human Milk Samples at JoVE.com

A Method for Targeted 16S Sequencing of Human Milk Samples

人間のミルク、その他低バイオマス サンプル タイプから 16 s rrna ターゲット シーケンスの半自動化されたワークフローが表示されます。

人間のミルクのサンプルのターゲット 16S シーケンス法

Studies of microbial communities have become widespread with the development of relatively inexpensive, rapid, and high throughput sequencing. However, as ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

V3の人口ベースのシーケンシングを用いたHIV - 1トロピズムの遺伝子型推論

Background: Prior to receiving a drug from CCR5-antagonist class in HIV therapy, a patient must undergo an HIV tropism test to confirm that his or her ...

Using a Pan-Viral Microarray Assay (Virochip) to Screen Clinical Samples for Viral Pathogens

Using a Pan-Viral Microarray Assay Virochip to Screen Clinical Samples for Viral Pathogens

ウイルス性病原体のために臨床サンプルをスクリーニングするためにパンウイルスマイクロアレイアッセイ（Virochip）を使用して、

The diagnosis of viral causes of many infectious diseases is difficult due to the inherent sequence diversity of viruses as well as the ongoing emergence ...

Averaging of Viral Envelope Glycoprotein Spikes from Electron Cryotomography Reconstructions using Jsubtomo

Jsubtomoを用いた電子Cryotomography再建からのウイルスのエンベロープ糖タンパク質スパイクの平均化

Enveloped viruses utilize membrane glycoproteins on their surface to mediate entry into host cells. Three-dimensional structural analysis of these ...

In Situ Detection of Bacteria within Paraffin-embedded Tissues Using a Digoxin-labeled DNA Probe Targeting 16S rRNA

In Situ Detection of Bacteria within Paraffin-embedded Tissues Using a Digoxin-labeled DNA Probe Targeting 16S rRNA

16S rRNAのをターゲットジゴキシン標識DNAプローブを用いたパラフィン包埋組織内細菌のその場検出で

The presence of bacteria within the pocket epithelium and underlying connective tissue in gingival biopsies from patients with periodontitis has been ...

Identification of Rare Bacterial Pathogens by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS

16S rRNAの遺伝子配列決定およびMALDI-TOF MSによるレア細菌性病原体の同定

There are a number of rare and, therefore, insufficiently described bacterial pathogens which are reported to cause severe infections especially in ...

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

血液処理のための迅速な方法は、ヒト血液中の血漿ペプチドレベルの収量を増やすには

Research in the field of food intake regulation is gaining importance. This often includes the measurement of peptides regulating food intake. For the ...

Swab Sampling Method for the Detection of Human Norovirus on Surfaces

表面上のヒトノロウイルスの検出のためのスワブサンプリング方法

Human noroviruses are a leading cause of epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis worldwide. Because most infections are either spread directly via the ...

Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples

Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples

の検出のための磁気スターラー方法<em&gt;旋毛虫</em筋肉試料中&gt;幼虫

Trichinellosis is a debilitating disease in humans and is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with the nematode ...

Utilization of Capsules for Negative Staining of Viral Samples within Biocontainment

Biocontainmentにおけるウイルスサンプルの陰性染色のためのカプセルの利用

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to observe the ultrastructure of viruses and other microbial pathogens with nanometer resolution. Most ...

Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing

マウスと次世代シーケンサーによるひと抗体のレパートリーの同定

The immense adaptability of antigen recognition by antibodies is the basis of the acquired immune system. Despite our understanding of the molecular ...