Name: a method for targeted 16s sequencing of human milk samples
Uploaded: 2018-03-23T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Targeted 16S Sequencing of Human Milk Samples at JoVE.com

Gostaríamos de agradecer a Helty Adisetiyo, PhD e Shangxin Yang, PhD para o desenvolvimento do protocolo. Suporte total para o internacional materna pediátrica adolescente AIDS clínicos ensaios grupo (IMPAACT) foi fornecido pelo Instituto Nacional de alergia e doenças infecciosas (NIAID) do National Institutes of Health (NIH) sob os números do prêmio UM1AI068632 (IMPAACT LOC), UM1AI068616 (IMPAACT SDMC) e UM1AI106716 (LC IMPAACT), com o co-financiamento do Eunice Kennedy Shriver Instituto Nacional de saúde infantil e desenvolvimento humano (FORMULADORES) e o Instituto Nacional de Saúde Mental (NIMH). O conteúdo é exclusivamente da responsabilidade dos autores e não representa necessariamente a opinião oficial do NIH.

Para todas as etapas do protocolo, adequado equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) devem ser usado, e abordagens de prevenção de contaminação rigorosas precisam ser tomadas. Observe o fluxo de trabalho de Pre-amplificação trabalhar áreas para áreas de trabalho pós-amplificação para minimizar a contaminação das amostras. Todas as fontes usadas são estéreis, livres de DNase, RNase, DNA e pirogênio. Todas as pontas de pipetas são filtradas. Um fluxograma das etapas do protocolo é fornecido (<strong cl...

<ol>
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S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+Between+Breast+Milk+Bacterial+Communities+and+Establishment+and+Development+of+the+Infant+Gut+Microbiome.">Association Between Breast Milk Bacterial Communities and Establishment and Development of the Infant Gut Microbiome.</a> JAMA Pediatr. , (2017).</li><li>Ho, F. C., Wong, R. L., Lawton, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+colostral+and+breast+milk+cells.+A+light+and+electron+microscopic+study.">Human colostral and breast milk cells. A light and electron microscopic study.</a> Acta Paediatr Scand. 68 (3), 389-396 (1979).</li><li>Parmely, M. J., Beer, A. E., Billingham, R. 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K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitation+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+in+breast+milk.">Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in breast milk.</a> J Clin Microbiol. 41 (6), 2465-2470 (2003).</li><li>Lim, N. Y., Roco, C. A., Frostegard, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transparent+DNA/RNA+Co-extraction+Workflow+Protocol+Suitable+for+Inhibitor-Rich+Environmental+Samples+That+Focuses+on+Complete+DNA+Removal+for+Transcriptomic+Analyses.">Transparent DNA/RNA Co-extraction Workflow Protocol Suitable for Inhibitor-Rich Environmental Samples That Focuses on Complete DNA Removal for Transcriptomic Analyses.</a> Front Microbiol. 7, 1588 (2016).</li><li>Bender, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maternal+HIV+infection+influences+the+microbiome+of+HIV-uninfected+infants.">Maternal HIV infection influences the microbiome of HIV-uninfected infants.</a> Sci Transl Med. 8 (349), 349ra100 (2016).</li><li>Cox, M. J., Cookson, W. O., Moffatt, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequencing+the+human+microbiome+in+health+and+disease.">Sequencing the human microbiome in health and disease.</a> Hum Mol Genet. 22 (R1), R88-R94 (2013).</li><li>Lauder, A. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+placenta+samples+with+contamination+controls+does+not+provide+evidence+for+a+distinct+placenta+microbiota.">Comparison of placenta samples with contamination controls does not provide evidence for a distinct placenta microbiota.</a> Microbiome. 4 (1), 29 (2016).</li><li>Salter, S. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reagent+and+laboratory+contamination+can+critically+impact+sequence-based+microbiome+analyses.">Reagent and laboratory contamination can critically impact sequence-based microbiome analyses.</a> BMC Biol. 12, 87 (2014).</li><li>Walker, A. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=16S+rRNA+gene-based+profiling+of+the+human+infant+gut+microbiota+is+strongly+influenced+by+sample+processing+and+PCR+primer+choice.">16S rRNA gene-based profiling of the human infant gut microbiota is strongly influenced by sample processing and PCR primer choice.</a> Microbiome. 3, 26 (2015).</li><li>Glassing, A., Dowd, S. E., Galandiuk, S., Davis, B., Chiodini, R. 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S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Topographical+continuity+of+bacterial+populations+in+the+healthy+human+respiratory+tract.">Topographical continuity of bacterial populations in the healthy human respiratory tract.</a> Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 184 (8), 957-963 (2011).</li><li>Bittinger, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+characterization+of+medically+relevant+fungi+in+the+human+respiratory+tract+using+next-generation+sequencing.">Improved characterization of medically relevant fungi in the human respiratory tract using next-generation sequencing.</a> Genome Biol. 15 (10), 487 (2014).</li><li>Jervis-Bardy, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deriving+accurate+microbiota+profiles+from+human+samples+with+low+bacterial+content+through+post-sequencing+processing+of+Illumina+MiSeq+data.">Deriving accurate microbiota profiles from human samples with low bacterial content through post-sequencing processing of Illumina MiSeq data.</a> Microbiome. 3, 19 (2015).</li><li>Knights, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bayesian+community-wide+culture-independent+microbial+source+tracking.">Bayesian community-wide culture-independent microbial source tracking.</a> Nat Methods. 8 (9), 761-763 (2011).</li><li>Lazarevic, V., Gaia, N., Girard, M., Schrenzel, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decontamination+of+16S+rRNA+gene+amplicon+sequence+datasets+based+on+bacterial+load+assessment+by+qPCR.">Decontamination of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence datasets based on bacterial load assessment by qPCR.</a> BMC Microbiol. 16, 73 (2016).</li><li>Kurilshikov, A., Wijmenga, C., Fu, J., Zhernakova, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Host+Genetics+and+Gut+Microbiome:+Challenges+and+Perspectives.">Host Genetics and Gut Microbiome: Challenges and Perspectives.</a> Trends Immunol. 38 (9), 633-647 (2017).</li><li>. Mock microbial communities Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.atcc.org/en/Products/Microbiome_Standards.aspx?utm_id=t170601524l1">https://www.atcc.org/en/Products/Microbiome_Standards.aspx?utm_id=t170601524l1</a> (2017)</li></ol>

Sequenciamento de próxima geração alvo de 16S rRNA é uma técnica amplamente utilizada, rápida para microbiome caracterização18. No entanto, muitos fatores, incluindo efeitos de lote, contaminação ambiental, contaminação cruzada amostra, sensibilidade e reprodutibilidade podem adversamente afetar resultados experimentais e confundir sua interpretação7,19 , 20. para melhor facilitar análises ...

As comunidades microbianas que colonizam os seres humanos são acreditadas para ser criticamente importante para a saúde humana e doença influenciam o metabolismo, desenvolvimento imune, susceptibilidade a doenças e respostas a vacinação e drogas terapia1, 2. esforços para entender a influência da microbiota na saúde humana atualmente enfatizam a identificação de micróbios associados com compartimentos anatômicos definidos (i.e., pele, intestino, oral, etc.), bem como sites localizados dentro Estes compartimentos3,4. Subjacente a esses esforços de investigação é o rápido aparecimento e maior acessibilidade das tecnologias de sequenciação de próxima geração (NGS) que fornecem uma plataforma maciçamente paralelo para análise do conteúdo genético microbiano (microbiome) de uma amostra. Para muitas amostras fisiológicas, o associado microbiome é complexa e abundante (i.e., fezes), mas, para algumas amostras, a microbiome é representada por baixo carbono da biomassa microbiano (ou seja, leite humano, trato respiratório inferior) onde sensibilidade, artefatos experimentais e possível contaminação tornam-se grandes questões. Os desafios comuns de microbiome estudos e delineamento experimental adequado tem sido objecto de múltiplas revisão artigos5,6,7,8.
Aqui apresentados um robusto pipeline experimental de NGS baseia-alvo sequenciamento do rRNA 16S V4 região9 para caracterizar a microbiome do leite humano. Microbiome análise do leite humano é complicado, não só por uma biomassa microbiana inerentemente baixa10, mas adicionalmente por alto níveis de DNA humano fundo11,12,13,14 e potencial Reportes de PCR inibidores15,16 em extraído do ácido nucleico. Este protocolo baseia-se nas plataformas semi automatizadas que podem ajudar a minimizar a variabilidade entre lotes de preparação de amostra e kits de extração comercialmente disponível. Incorpora uma comunidade simulada bacteriana bem definida é processado juntamente com amostras como um controle de qualidade para validar cada passo no protocolo e fornecem uma métrica independente da robustez do gasoduto. Embora o protocolo como descrito é específico para as amostras de leite humano, é facilmente adaptável para outros tipos de amostras, incluindo fezes, retal, vaginal, pele, cotonetes areolar e oral10,17e pode servir como ponto de partida para pesquisadores que desejem realizar análises microbiome.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="956">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">AllPrep RNA/DNA Mini Kit</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">80204</td>
			<td style="width:395px;">DNA/RNA extraction kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">Eliminase</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">435532</td>
			<td>RNase, DNase, DNA decontaminant&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">Thermo Mixer</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:153px;"></td>
			<td>temperature-controlled vortexer&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">Buffer RLT plus</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td>1053393</td>
			<td>guanidinium thiocyanate lysis buffer/ Part of Allprep kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#223;-Mercaptoethanol&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>63689-25ML-F</td>
			<td>&#223;-ME is a reducing agent that will irreversibly denature RNases by reducing disulfide bonds</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">LME Beads</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">MP Biomedicals</td>
			<td>116914050</td>
			<td>bead tube</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">QIAgen TissueLyzer</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td>85300</td>
			<td>automated sample disruptor adapter set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">QIAshredder column</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td>&#160;79654</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">QIAgen RB tube</td>
			<td style="width:115px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>manufacturer&#39;s microcentrifuge tube in kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">QIAcube and related plasticware</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td>9001292</td>
			<td>automated DNA/RNA purification instrument</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">DNA exitus plus</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Applichem</td>
			<td>A7089</td>
			<td>non-enzymatic decontamination solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">EB Buffer</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">19086</td>
			<td>elution buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">QIAgility and related plasticware</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td>9001532</td>
			<td>robotic liquid handler</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PCR water</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">MO BIO</td>
			<td>17000-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">5PRIME HotMasterMix</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Quantabio</td>
			<td>2200400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">Barcoded reverse primers</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Eurofin</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">No Catalog #&#39;s</td>
			<td>designed and ordered</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">&#160;96 well PCR plate</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">USA scientific</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">1402-9708</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">Tapestation 2200 and related plasticware</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Agilent</td>
			<td>G2964AA</td>
			<td>automated DNA/RNA fragment analyzer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">D1000 reagents for Tapestation&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Agilent</td>
			<td>5067-5585</td>
			<td>Sample buffer and ladder are part of this kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">OneStep PCR Inhibitor Removal Kit&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Zymo Research</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">50444470</td>
			<td>PCR inhibitor removal is done per the manufacturer&#39;s instructions.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">QIAquick PCR Purification Kit</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">28104</td>
			<td>DNA clean up kit: silica-membrane-based purification of PCR products</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Qubit dsDNA HS Assay Kit</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Q32854</td>
			<td>dimethylsulfoxide-based dilution buffer and dye are part of this kit.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">Qubit Fluorometer</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>Q33216</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">NanoDrop</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:153px;"></td>
			<td>microvolume spectrophotometer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">MiSeq 300 V2 kit</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Illumina</td>
			<td>15033624/15033626</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">MiSeq&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Illumina</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">No Catalog #&#39;s</td>
			<td>next generation sequencer</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a method for targeted 16s sequencing of human milk samples

Estudos de comunidades microbianas tornaram-se generalizados com o desenvolvimento do sequenciamento de relativamente barata, rápida e alta taxa de transferência. No entanto, como com todas estas tecnologias, resultados reprodutíveis dependem de um fluxo de trabalho de laboratório que incorpora controles e as devidas precauções. Isto é particularmente importante com amostras de baixa biomassa onde a contaminação bacteriana DNA pode gerar resultados enganosos. Este artigo detalha um fluxo de trabalho semi-automático para identificar micróbios de amostras de leite materno usando alvo sequenciamento da região 16S RNA ribossomal (rRNA) V4 em escala para baixo e médio throughput. O protocolo descreve a preparação da amostra de leite integral incluindo: Lise, extração de ácidos nucleicos, amplificação da região V4 do gene de rRNA 16S e preparação de biblioteca com as medidas de controlo de qualidade da amostra. Importante, o protocolo e discussão consideram questões que são importantes para a preparação e análise de amostras de baixa-biomassa, incluindo controlos adequados em positivos e negativos, remoção de inibidor PCR, contaminação da amostra por ambiental, reagente, ou fontes experimentais e práticas recomendadas experimentais concebidas para garantir a reprodutibilidade. Enquanto o protocolo como descrito é específico para as amostras de leite humano, é adaptável a vários tipos de amostra de baixa e alta-biomassa, incluindo amostras coletadas em cotonetes, congelados puro, ou estabilizado em um buffer de preservação.

O protocolo aqui apresentado inclui importante controle de qualidade (QC) passos para garantir que a reunião de dados gerados referenciais para o controle de sensibilidade, especificidade e contaminação de protocolo. Primeiro passo QC do protocolo segue a amplificação por PCR da região 16S do V4 (Figura 2). Um µ l de produto PCR de cada amostra foi analisada por eletroforese para confirmar que era dentro do intervalo de tamanho esperado da bp 315-450 (...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Targeted 16S Sequencing of Human Milk Samples at JoVE.com

A Method for Targeted 16S Sequencing of Human Milk Samples

Um fluxo de trabalho semi-automático é apresentado para sequenciamento alvo de 16S rRNA de leite humano e outros tipos de amostras de biomassa de baixo.

Um método para o sequenciamento de alvo 16S das amostras de leite humano

Studies of microbial communities have become widespread with the development of relatively inexpensive, rapid, and high throughput sequencing. However, as ...

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