Name: preparing fresh retinal slices from adult zebrafish for ex vivo imaging experiments
Uploaded: 2018-05-09T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparing Fresh Retinal Slices from Adult Zebrafish for Ex Vivo Imaging Experiments at JoVE.com

Vi takke Ralph Nelson og Daniel Possin tankevækkende vejledning samtidig udvikle denne protokol, og Eva Ma, Ashley George og Gail Stanton for generation af stabil transgene zebrafisk linjer. Arbejdet var støttet af NSF GRFP 2013158531 til M.G., NIH NEI 5T32EY007031 W.C. og M.G. og EY026020 til J.H. og S.B.

Alle dyreforsøg blev godkendt ved University of Washington institutionelle Animal Care og brug udvalget.
1. forberedelse af dyr og udstyr
Bemærk: Den retinale pigment epitel (ÅV) er en mørk plader af vævet omkring ydersiden af nethinden hvis pigmentering kan overskygge retinal funktioner og skade væv når Konfokal imaging ex vivo. I mørket, ÅV af zebrafisk er trukket tilbage fra nethinden; mørke tilpasse fisk til at lette fremtidige fjernelse af ÅV ...

<ol>
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Sci. 48 (2), 522-529 (2007).</li><li>George, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synaptojanin+1+is+required+for+endolysosomal+trafficking+of+synaptic+proteins+in+cone+photoreceptor+inner+segments.">Synaptojanin 1 is required for endolysosomal trafficking of synaptic proteins in cone photoreceptor inner segments.</a> PLoS ONE. 9 (1), e84394 (2014).</li><li>Shin, J., Chen, J., Solnica-Krezel, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+homologous+recombination-mediated+genome+engineering+in+zebrafish+using+TALE+nucleases.">Efficient homologous recombination-mediated genome engineering in zebrafish using TALE nucleases.</a> Development. 141 (19), 3807-3818 (2014).</li><li>Giarmarco, M., Lindsay, K., Du, J., Cleghorn, W., Brockerhoff, S., Hurley, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+Real-time+Glucose+Uptake+Reveals+Distinct+Transport+Among+Cell+Types.">Imaging Real-time Glucose Uptake Reveals Distinct Transport Among Cell Types.</a> Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , (2015).</li><li>Kanow, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biochemical+adaptations+of+the+retina+and+retinal+pigment+epithelium+support+a+metabolic+ecosystem+in+the+vertebrate+eye.">Biochemical adaptations of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium support a metabolic ecosystem in the vertebrate eye.</a> eLife. 6, (2017).</li><li>Giarmarco, M., Cleghorn, W., Sloat, S., Hurley, J., Brockerhoff, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondria+Maintain+Distinct+Ca2++Pools+in+Cone+Photoreceptors.">Mitochondria Maintain Distinct Ca2+ Pools in Cone Photoreceptors.</a> J. 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Ex vivo billeddannelse af frisk zebrafisk retinal skiver har vist sig for at være et alsidigt værktøj til at studere fotoreceptor biologi20,21,22, og er enestående, idet det giver mulighed for analyse af enkelt celler i et modent, fuldt differentierede nethinden. Med praksis er det muligt at udføre flere eksperimenter med væv fra en enkelt fisk, selv ved hjælp af seriel udsnit fra den samme del af nethinden. Ud o...

Zebrafisk (Danio rerio) er blevet meget udbredt i medicinske og grundlæggende videnskabelige forskning1, på grund af sin lille størrelse, hurtig udvikling og hvirveldyr organsystemer. Den naturlige gennemsigtighed af zebrafisk larver kombineret med etablerede metoder til transgenese har aktiveret detaljeret visualisering af cellulære processer i et levende dyr. Et antal genetisk kodet fluorescerende biosensorer har været målrettet mod specifikke zebrafisk celler til registrering af Ca2 + 2, hydrogenperoxid3, apoptotiske aktivering4 og ATP5.
In vivo billeddannelse af zebrafisk larver har ført til gennembrud inden for neuroscience, herunder kortlægning af hjernen kredsløb6 og udvikling af lægemidler til centralnervesystemet lidelser7. Zebrafisk er velegnet til vision forskning, fordi deres nethinder funktionen laminar struktur og neuron typer af højere hvirveldyr, og de viser robust visuelle adfærd8,9. Flere typer af retinale degenerations svarer til menneskers sygdom har været modelleret med succes og studerede i zebrafisk10,11, herunder levende billeddannelse af enkelte fotoreceptorer udarter i en nethinden2, 12.
Mens i vivo larve zebrafisk imaging er et værdifuldt redskab, bliver det mere udfordrende som fisk vokse og udvikle pigmentering, og nogle farmakologiske behandlinger ikke gennemsyre hele dyr. Yderligere, ændre visse cellulære processer med udvikling og alder, gør senere tidspunkt punkter kritisk forståelse funktion og progression af sygdommen hos voksne dyr. Biokemiske metoder såsom immunblot, maksimale PCR, O2 forbrug og metabolomic analyser kan give et vigtigt fingerpeg om biologi af nethinden som helhed, men det er vanskeligt at skelne bidrag af enkelte celletyper påvirket af sygdom. Imaging isolerede retinale væv ex vivo omgår disse spørgsmål, og mens imaging flad monteret nethinder giver et overblik over de ydre retina13, dybere indre retinal funktioner er skjult. Tværgående retinal skiver, såsom dem, der præsenteres i fast immunhistokemiske analyser, aktiverer et klart overblik over alle lag og celletyper men kun tilbyde et enkelt snapshot af de dynamiske processer i normal funktion og sygdom.
Vi præsenterer her, en metode til at generere ex vivo tværgående retinal skiver fra voksen zebrafisk for billeddannelse. Det er svarer til metoder for at forberede elektrofysiologiske og morfologiske undersøgelser14,15, med vigtige ændringer for tid bortfalder imaging ex vivo bruger Konfokal padder og zebrafisk retinal skiver mikroskopi. Fluorescens svar af biosensorer eller farvestoffer i skiver overvåges i realtid med en Konfokal mikroskop samtidigt med at levere farmakologiske midler ved hjælp af perfusion. Metoden blev udviklet for imaging fotoreceptorer, kan det være muligt at bruge det til at visualisere Müller celler, bipolar celler, vandrette celler, amacrine celler eller retinal ganglion celler med passende fluorescerende markører. Derudover kan skiver indlæses med fluorescerende celle-gennemtrængelige farvestoffer til betænkningen cellernes levedygtighed, vesikulær transport, mitokondrie-funktion eller redox tilstand. Denne alsidige forberedelse giver mulighed for visualisering af en bred vifte af subcellulært processer i hele nethinden, herunder Ca2 + dynamics, signaltransduktion og metabolisk tilstand.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1153">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:332px;">zebrafish</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Univeristy of Washington South Lake Union Aquatics Facility</td>
			<td style="width:181px;"></td>
			<td style="width:401px;">stocks maintained in-house as stable transgenic lines</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">petroleum jelly</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">19-090-843</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">for petroleum jelly syringe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">3-mL slip tip syringe</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">14-823-436</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">for petroleum jelly syringe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">20g 3.8 cm slip tip needle</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">14-826-5B</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">for petroleum jelly syringe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">plain 7 cm X 2.5 cm microscope slide</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">12-550-A3</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">for eyecup dissection, slicing chamber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">Seche Vite clear nail polish</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Amazon</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">B00150LT40</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">for slicing chamber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">18 mm X 18 mm #1 glass coverslips</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-542A</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">for imaging ladders</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">unflavored dental wax</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Amazon</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">B01K8WNL5A</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">for imaging ladders</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">double edge razor blades</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Stoelting</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">51427</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">for tissue slicing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">tissue slicer with digital micrometer</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Stoelting</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">51415</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">for tissue slicing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:332px;">filter paper - white gridded mixed cellulose, 13 mm diameter, 0.45 &#181;m pore size</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">EMD Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">HAWG01300</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">filter paper for mounting retinas</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">10 cm petri dish</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">FB0875712</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">for fish euthanasia, dissection, imaging ladder assembly</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">15 cm plain-tipped wood applicator stick</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">23-400-112</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">for wire eye loop tool</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">30g (0.25 mm diameter) tungsten wire</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">AA10408G6</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">for wire eye loop tool</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">D-glucose</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">G8270</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">component of supplement stock solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">sodium L-lactate</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">L7022</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">component of supplement stock solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">sodium pyruvate</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">P2256</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">component of supplement stock solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">L-glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">G3126</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">component of supplement stock solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">&#160;L-glutathione, reduced</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">G4251</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">component of supplement stock solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">L-ascorbic acid</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">A5960</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">component of supplement stock solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">NaCl</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">S7653</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">component of Ringer&#39;s solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">KCl</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">P9333</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">component of Ringer&#39;s solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">CaCl2 &#183; 2H2O</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">C3881</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">component of Ringer&#39;s solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">NaH2PO4</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">S8282</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">component of Ringer&#39;s solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">MgCl2 &#183; 6H2O</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">M0250</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">component of Ringer&#39;s solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">H3375</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">component of Ringer&#39;s solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tris base</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">BP152</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">component of Na+-free Ringer&#39;s solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">6 N HCl</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">02-003-063</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">component of Na+-free Ringer&#39;s solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">KH2PO4</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">P5655</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">component of Na+-free Ringer&#39;s solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">50 mL conical centrifuge tube</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Denville Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">C1062-P</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">container for Ringer&#39;s solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">Vannas scissors - 8 cm, angled 5 mm blades</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">501790</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">micro-scissors for eyecup dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:332px;">Swiss tweezers - #5, 11 cm, straight, 0.06 X 0.07 mm tips</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">504510</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">fine forceps for eyecup dissection and slice manipulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">single edge razor blades</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">12-640</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">for eyecup dissection and trimming filter paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">EMD Millipore filter forceps</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">XX6200006P</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">flat forceps for handling wet filter paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:332px;">C12 558/568 BODIPY</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">D3835</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">stains live cell nuclei; incubate 5 &#181;g/mL for 15 min at room temperature</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:332px;">propidium iodide (PI)</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">P3566</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">stains dead cell nuclei; incubate 5 &#181;g/mL for 20 min at room temperature</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:332px;">Hoechst 33342</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">62249</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">stains live cell nuclei; incubate 5 &#181;g/mL for 20 min at room temperature</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:332px;">Tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester (TMRM)</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">T668</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">stains functional, negatively-charged mitochondria; incubate 1 nM for 30 min at room temperature</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">tissue perfusion chamber</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Cell MicroControls</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">BT-1-18/BT-1-18BV [-SY]</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">imaging chamber for injection or perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:43px;width:332px;">2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)Amino)-2-Deoxyglucose (NBDG)</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">N13195</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">fluorescent glucose analog adminitered orally to zebrafish 30 min prior to euthanasia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:332px;">Olympus laser scanning confocal microscope</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">FV1000</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">confocal microscope for visualizing fluorescence of slices at single-cell resolution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:332px;">Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">C2759</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">experimental reagent which ablates mitochondrial respiration; treat slices to a final concentration of 1 &#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:332px;">miniature aspirator positioner</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Cell MicroControls</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">FL-1</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">for perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:332px;">perfusion manifold, gas bubbler manifold, flow valve, 60cc syringe holder</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Warner Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">various</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">for perfusion</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparing fresh retinal slices from adult zebrafish for ex vivo imaging experiments

Nethinden er et komplekst væv, der initierer og integrerer de første skridt af vision. Dysfunktion af retinale celler er kendetegnende for mange blændende sygdomme, og fremtidige behandlinger hængsel på grundlæggende forståelser om hvordan forskellige retinal celler fungerer normalt. Vinder sådanne oplysninger med biokemiske metoder har vist sig vanskeligt fordi bidrag af bestemte celletyper er formindsket i de retinale celle milieu. Live retinal imaging kan give en opfattelse af mange biologiske processer på en subcellulært niveau, takket være et stigende antal genetisk kodet fluorescerende biosensorer. Denne teknik har imidlertid hidtil været begrænset til haletudser og zebrafisk larver, de yderste retinal lag af isolerede nethinder eller lavere opløsning billeder af nethinder med levende dyr. Her vil vi præsentere en metode til at generere levende ex vivo retinal skiver fra voksen zebrafisk for live imaging via Konfokal mikroskopi. Denne forberedelse udbytter tværgående skiver med alle retinal lag og de fleste celletyper synlig for at udføre Konfokal imaging eksperimenter ved hjælp af perfusion. Transgene zebrafisk udtrykker fluorescerende proteiner eller biosensorer i specifikke retinal celletyper eller organeller der bruges til at udtrække encellede oplysninger fra en intakt nethinden. Derudover kan retinal skiver indlæses med fluorescerende indikator farvestoffer, tilføjer til den metode alsidighed. Denne protokol blev udviklet for imaging Ca2 + inden for zebrafisk kegle fotoreceptorer, men med ordentlig markører det kunne tilpasses for at måle Ca2 + eller metabolitter i Müller celler, bipolar og horisontale celler, mikroglia, amacrine celler eller retinal ganglion celler. Den retinale pigment epitel fjernes fra skiver, så denne metode ikke er egnet til at studere denne celletype. Med praksis er det muligt at generere serielle skiver fra ét dyr til flere forsøg. Denne fleksible teknik giver et stærkt værktøj for at besvare mange spørgsmål om retinal cellebiologi, Ca2 +og energi homøostase.

Stabil positionering og tværgående orientering af skiver er nøglen til vellykket imaging med injektion eller perfusion af farmakologiske midler. En nøje gennemgang og flytte udsnittene inden Konfokal imaging som nødvendige for at sikre alle retinal lag er synlige (figur 2A, Skive ii). Hvis en skive drejes frem lidt (figur 2A, Skive iii), bundter af ydre segmenter bliver synlige og små justeringer kan foretages med pincet ti...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparing Fresh Retinal Slices from Adult Zebrafish for Ex Vivo Imaging Experiments at JoVE.com

Preparing Fresh Retinal Slices from Adult Zebrafish for Ex Vivo Imaging Experiments

Imaging retinale væv kan give én celle oplysninger, der ikke kan blive indsamlet fra traditionelle biokemiske metoder. Denne protokol beskriver forberedelse af retinale skiver fra zebrafisk for Konfokal billeddannelse. Fluorescerende kodet genetisk sensorer eller indikator farvestoffer tillade visualisering af mange biologiske processer i forskellige retinal celletyper.

Forbereder frisk Retinal skiver fra voksen zebrafisk for Ex Vivo billeddannelse eksperimenter

The retina is a complex tissue that initiates and integrates the first steps of vision. Dysfunction of retinal cells is a hallmark of many blinding ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Preparing Fresh Retinal Slices from Adult Zebrafish for Ex Vivo Imaging Experiments

Retrograde Labeling of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Adult Zebrafish with Fluorescent Dyes

Retrograd Mærkning af retina-ganglieceller i Voksen Zebrafisk med fluorescerende farvestoffer

As retrograde labeling retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can isolate RGCs somata from dying sites, it has become the gold standard for counting RGCs in RGCs ...

A Novel Light Damage Paradigm for Use in Retinal Regeneration Studies in Adult Zebrafish

A Novel Light Damage Paradigm til Anvendelse i Retinal Regeneration Studies i Adult zebrafisk

Light-induced retinal degeneration (LIRD) is commonly used in both rodents and zebrafish to damage rod and cone photoreceptors. In adult zebrafish, ...

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Dissection of Fear Circuits in Brain Slices

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Dissection of Fear Circuits in Brain Slices

Ex Vivo optogenetic Dissektion af Frygt Kredsløb i Brain Skiver

Optogenetic approaches are now widely used to study the function of neural populations and circuits by combining targeted expression of light-activated ...

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Optisk kohærens tomografi: Imaging mus Retinal Ganglion celler In Vivo

Structural changes in the retina are common manifestations of ophthalmic diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables their identification in ...

Preparing Adult Drosophila melanogaster for Whole Brain Imaging during Behavior and Stimuli Responses

Preparing Adult Drosophila melanogaster for Whole Brain Imaging during Behavior and Stimuli Responses

Forberedelse voksen Drosophila melanogaster til hele hjernen Imaging under adfærd og Stimuli Svar

We present a method developed specifically to image the whole Drosophila brain during ongoing behavior such as walking. Head fixation and dissection are ...

Isolation of Adult Human Astrocyte Populations from Fresh-Frozen Cortex Using Fluorescence-Activated Nuclei Sorting

Isolering af voksne menneskelige astrocytpopulationer fra friskfrosset cortex ved hjælp af fluorescensaktiveret kernesortering

The complexity of human astrocytes remains poorly defined in primary human tissue, requiring better tools for their isolation and molecular ...

Shuttle Box Assay as an Associative Learning Tool for Cognitive Assessment in Learning and Memory Studies using Adult Zebrafish

Shuttle Box Assay som et associativt læringsværktøj til kognitiv vurdering i lærings- og hukommelsesstudier ved hjælp af voksne zebrafisk

Cognitive deficits, including impaired learning and memory, are a primary symptom of various developmental and age-related neurodegenerative diseases and ...

Determination of Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in Ex Vivo Retinal Tissue Samples

Determination of Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in Ex Vivo Retinal Tissue Samples

Bestemmelse af mitokondrie respiration og glykolyse i Ex Vivo Retinal vævsprøver

Mitochondrial respiration is a critical energy-generating pathway in all cells, especially retinal photoreceptors that possess a highly active metabolism. ...

Mouse Retina OCT Fibergram Alignment with Confocal Images

Alignment of Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergrams with Confocal Images of the Same Mouse Retina

Advancements in In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Imaging for Improved Glaucoma Diagnosis and Treatment (Video) | JoVE

Justering af optisk kohærenstomografi i synligt lys med konfokale billeder af samme musenethinde

In recent years, in vivo retinal imaging, which provides non-invasive, real-time, and longitudinal information about biological systems and processes, has ...

Monitoring Epileptiform Events in Drosophila via Calcium Imaging

Ex Vivo Calcium Imaging for Drosophila Model of Epilepsy

Insights into the Techniques and Findings of Recent Advancements in Epilepsy Research (Video) | JoVE

Ex vivo Calcium Imaging for Drosophila Model af epilepsi

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, partially correlated with genetic origin, affecting over 70 million individuals ...