分馏

资料来源：实验室的博士尼古拉斯 · 德比 — — 康涅狄格大学

精馏也许是纯化有机液体的化学家所使用的最常见的实验室技术。不同沸点混合物分离成单个组件时仔细蒸馏水混合。精馏过程的两个主要类型是"简单"、"分馏蒸馏"，和两个广泛应用于有机合成化学实验室。

简单蒸馏使用时的液体是（a）相对纯（含不超过 10%的液体污染物）、 (b) 具有非易失性组件，如固体的污染物，或（c）混合与另一种液体的沸点相差至少 25 ° c。分馏法使用时分离混合物的液体的沸点的相似之处（隔开少于 25 ° C）。

这个视频将详细介绍的两种常见的有机溶剂，环己烷和甲苯混合物分馏。

1.设置的分馏装置

分馏装置	数量
反驳置物架（环架）	2
螺旋千斤顶	1
夹钳	4
凯克夹具	4
磁搅拌棒	1
分馏塔<... Log in or to access full content. Learn more about your institution’s access to JoVE content here 环己烷甲苯混合物分馏蒸馏馏出物纯度可以由大量的技术评估。核磁共振波谱法是最好的之一。最初的混合物蒸馏前¹H NMR 谱如图 6所示。对甲苯和环己烷的信号都清晰可见。¹核磁共振谱的纯环己烷和纯甲苯馏分所示数字 7和8，分别。没有污染物从其他组件被?... Log in or to access full content. Learn more about your institution’s access to JoVE content here 蒸馏约占 95%的所有当前工业分离过程。蒸馏的主要区别表现在实验室规模和那些执行工业上是，前者通常运行以间歇方式，而后者往往连续运行。在连续精馏，起始的混合物，蒸汽和馏出物均保持恒定的构成通过仔细补凝视材料和去除分数从蒸气和液体系统中。使用最广泛的工业应用的连续、分馏是中石油精炼厂和天然气加工设施。在 36 ° C 以下的温度下，天然气从石油分离。其他的物质，包?... Log in or to access full content. Learn more about your institution’s access to JoVE content here Distillation is one of the most commonly used techniques for purifying liquids in laboratory settings and accounts for up to 95% of all industrial separation processes. This method separates and purifies liquids based on their volatility, or the tendency for its molecules to escape from the liquid phase as gaseous vapor. To distill a solution, it is heated until the most volatile compounds begin to vaporize. The resultant vapors are then condensed into a purified liquid, known as the distillate, and collected. The most common dis Log in or to access full content. Learn more about your institution’s access to JoVE content here -- Views Privacy Terms of Use Policies Contact Us Recommend to library JoVE NEWSLETTERS Research JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive Education JoVE Core JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site Authors Overview Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope and Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit Librarians Overview Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ ABOUT JoVE Overview Leadership Blog Copyright © 2024 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved