Name: single-cell resolution fluorescence live imaging of drosophila circadian clocks in larval brain culture
Uploaded: 2018-01-19T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain Culture at JoVE.com

Ringraziamo Michael Rosbash per suo tutoraggio e supporto durante la fase iniziale dello sviluppo di questo metodo. Questo lavoro è stato finanziato dal programma JST PRESTO, la Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A_149893 e 31003A_169548), il Consiglio europeo della ricerca (ERC-StG-311194), Novartis Foundation for Medical-Biomedical Research (13A39) e l'Università di Ginevra .

1. preparazione delle soluzioni madri sotto una cappa di cultura
<ol><li>Preparare 400 mL di 1x Schneider mezzo attivo (SAM), ottimizzato per ex vivo cultura dei cervelli larvali (modificato da riferimento24,25) (tabella 1). Aliquota di 5 mL e flash congelamento in azoto liquido (LN2), conservare a - 80 ° C.</li>
	<li>Preparare soluzione salina dissecante (DSS): 1x diluendo 10 x soluzione madre (modificato dal riferimento<s...

<ol>
	<li>Sheeba, V., Kaneko, M., Sharma, V. K., Holmes, T. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Drosophila+circadian+pacemaker+circuit:+Pas+De+Deux+or+Tarantella?.">The Drosophila circadian pacemaker circuit: Pas De Deux or Tarantella?.</a> Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 43 (1), 37-61 (2008).</li><li>Granados-Fuentes, D., Herzog, E. 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O., Desplan, C., Blau, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circadian+pacemaker+neurons+transmit+and+modulate+visual+information+to+control+a+rapid+behavioral+response.">Circadian pacemaker neurons transmit and modulate visual information to control a rapid behavioral response.</a> Neuron. 45 (2), 293-300 (2005).</li><li>Sabado, V., Vienne, L., Nunes, J. M., Rosbash, M., Nagoshi, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence+circadian+imaging+reveals+a+PDF-dependent+transcriptional+regulation+of+the+Drosophila+molecular+clock.">Fluorescence circadian imaging reveals a PDF-dependent transcriptional regulation of the Drosophila molecular clock.</a> Sci Rep. 7, 41560 (2017).</li><li>Hyun, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drosophila+GPCR+Han+is+a+receptor+for+the+circadian+clock+neuropeptide+PDF.">Drosophila GPCR Han is a receptor for the circadian clock neuropeptide PDF.</a> Neuron. 48 (2), 267-278 (2005).</li><li>Lear, B. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+G+protein-coupled+receptor,+groom-of-PDF,+is+required+for+PDF+neuron+action+in+circadian+behavior.">A G protein-coupled receptor, groom-of-PDF, is required for PDF neuron action in circadian behavior.</a> Neuron. 48 (2), 221-227 (2005).</li><li>Mertens, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PDF+receptor+signaling+in+Drosophila+contributes+to+both+circadian+and+geotactic+behaviors.">PDF receptor signaling in Drosophila contributes to both circadian and geotactic behaviors.</a> Neuron. 48 (2), 213-219 (2005).</li><li>Ayaz, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Axonal+injury+and+regeneration+in+the+adult+brain+of+Drosophila.">Axonal injury and regeneration in the adult brain of Drosophila.</a> J Neurosci. 28 (23), 6010-6021 (2008).</li><li>Prithviraj, R., Trunova, S., Giniger, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex+vivo+culturing+of+whole,+developing+Drosophila+brains.">Ex vivo culturing of whole, developing Drosophila brains.</a> J Vis Exp. 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Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+imaging+of+neuroblast+lineages+within+intact+larval+brains+in+Drosophila.">Live imaging of neuroblast lineages within intact larval brains in Drosophila.</a> Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2013 (10), 970-977 (2013).</li><li>Januschke, J., Gonzalez, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+interphase+microtubule+aster+is+a+determinant+of+asymmetric+division+orientation+in+Drosophila+neuroblasts.">The interphase microtubule aster is a determinant of asymmetric division orientation in Drosophila neuroblasts.</a> The Journal of Cell Biology. 188 (5), 693-706 (2010).</li><li>Williamson, W. R., Hiesinger, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+of+developing+and+adult+Drosophila+brains+and+retinae+for+live+imaging.">Preparation of developing and adult Drosophila brains and retinae for live imaging.</a> J Vis Exp. (37), (2010).</li><li>Roberts, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Light+evokes+rapid+circadian+network+oscillator+desynchrony+followed+by+gradual+phase+retuning+of+synchrony.">Light evokes rapid circadian network oscillator desynchrony followed by gradual phase retuning of synchrony.</a> Curr Biol. 25 (7), 858-867 (2015).</li><li>Sehadova, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temperature+entrainment+of+Drosophila's+circadian+clock+involves+the+gene+nocte+and+signaling+from+peripheral+sensory+tissues+to+the+brain.">Temperature entrainment of Drosophila's circadian clock involves the gene nocte and signaling from peripheral sensory tissues to the brain.</a> Neuron. 64 (2), 251-266 (2009).</li><li>Sellix, M. T., Currie, J., Menaker, M., Wijnen, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence/luminescence+circadian+imaging+of+complex+tissues+at+single-cell+resolution.">Fluorescence/luminescence circadian imaging of complex tissues at single-cell resolution.</a> J Biol Rhythms. 25 (3), 228-232 (2010).</li><li>Liang, X., Holy, T. E., Taghert, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synchronous+Drosophila+circadian+pacemakers+display+nonsynchronous+Ca(2)(+)+rhythms+in+vivo.">Synchronous Drosophila circadian pacemakers display nonsynchronous Ca(2)(+) rhythms in vivo.</a> Science. 351 (6276), 976-981 (2016).</li><li>Liang, X., Holy, T. E., Taghert, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Series+of+Suppressive+Signals+within+the+Drosophila+Circadian+Neural+Circuit+Generates+Sequential+Daily+Outputs.">A Series of Suppressive Signals within the Drosophila Circadian Neural Circuit Generates Sequential Daily Outputs.</a> Neuron. , (2017).</li><li>Kuppers-Munther, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+culturing+strategy+optimises+Drosophila+primary+cell+cultures+for+structural+and+functional+analyses.">A new culturing strategy optimises Drosophila primary cell cultures for structural and functional analyses.</a> Dev Biol. 269 (2), 459-478 (2004).</li><li>Schneider, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+of+Larval+Drosophila+Eye-Antennal+Discs+in+Vitro.">Differentiation of Larval Drosophila Eye-Antennal Discs in Vitro.</a> J Exp Zool. 156, 91-103 (1964).</li><li>Jiang, S. A., Campusano, J. M., Su, H., O'Dowd, D. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drosophila+mushroom+body+Kenyon+cells+generate+spontaneous+calcium+transients+mediated+by+PLTX-sensitive+calcium+channels.">Drosophila mushroom body Kenyon cells generate spontaneous calcium transients mediated by PLTX-sensitive calcium channels.</a> J Neurophysiol. 94 (1), 491-500 (2005).</li><li>Hafer, N., Schedl, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dissection+of+larval+CNS+in+Drosophila+melanogaster.">Dissection of larval CNS in Drosophila melanogaster.</a> J Vis Exp. (1), e85 (2006).</li><li>Schindelin, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fiji:+an+open-source+platform+for+biological-image+analysis.">Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis.</a> Nat Methods. 9 (7), 676-682 (2012).</li><li>Rabinovich, D., Mayseless, O., Schuldiner, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long+term+ex+vivo+culturing+of+Drosophila+brain+as+a+method+to+live+image+pupal+brains:+insights+into+the+cellular+mechanisms+of+neuronal+remodeling.">Long term ex vivo culturing of Drosophila brain as a method to live image pupal brains: insights into the cellular mechanisms of neuronal remodeling.</a> Front Cell Neurosci. 9, 327 (2015).</li><li>Forer, A., Pickett-Heaps, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibrin+clots+keep+non-adhering+living+cells+in+place+on+glass+for+perfusion+or+fixation.">Fibrin clots keep non-adhering living cells in place on glass for perfusion or fixation.</a> Cell Biol Int. 29 (9), 721-730 (2005).</li><li>Forer, A., Pickett-Heaps, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cytochalasin+D+and+latrunculin+affect+chromosome+behaviour+during+meiosis+in+crane-fly+spermatocytes.">Cytochalasin D and latrunculin affect chromosome behaviour during meiosis in crane-fly spermatocytes.</a> Chromosome Res. 6 (7), 533-549 (1998).</li><li>Lukinavi&#269;ius, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SiR-Hoechst+is+a+far-red+DNA+stain+for+live-cell+nanoscopy.">SiR-Hoechst is a far-red DNA stain for live-cell nanoscopy.</a> Nature Communications. 6, 8497 (2015).</li><li>Medioni, C., Ephrussi, A., Besse, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+imaging+of+axonal+transport+in+Drosophila+pupal+brain+explants.">Live imaging of axonal transport in Drosophila pupal brain explants.</a> Nat Protoc. 10 (4), 574-584 (2015).</li><li>Enoki, R., Ono, D., Hasan, M. 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Qui abbiamo descritto il metodo per lungo termine microscopia di fluorescenza time-lapse di cervelli larvale coltivate. Il successo di questo tipo di esperimenti dipende da molteplici fattori, come la salute della cultura, metodo per immobilizzazione del espianto del cervello, l'intensità di fluorescenza e rapporto segnale-rumore del reporter, temporale e risoluzione spaziale, e accessibilità per l'espianto. Questi fattori possono essere mutuamente esclusivi. Ad esempio, aumentando la frequenza time-lapse colpisce la s...

Orologi circadiani aiutano gli organismi ad adattarsi ai cambiamenti ambientali periodici generati dalla rotazione della terra 24 h. I cicli di feedback trascrizionale traslazionale interbloccata comunemente sono alla base di macchine molecolari della orologi circadiani attraverso specie1. Il circuito di stimolatore cardiaco circadiano composto contenente orologio neuroni integra time-of-day informazioni veicolate dagli stimoli ambientali, come luce/buio (LD) e cicli di temperatura, di orchestrare i ritmi di una pletora di quotidiano fisiologico e processi comportamentali2,3. Il coordinamento dei ritmi molecolari con un neurone ingressi e uscite è di fondamentale importanza per il funzionamento del circuito circadiano ma resti solo parzialmente capiti.
In Drosophila, il nucleo dell'orologio molecolare, l'eterodimero/ciclo di CLOCK (CLK/CYC) attiva la trascrizione di periodo (a) e senza tempo (tim). TIM e PER formare un complesso ed entrare nel nucleo, dove inibiscono l'attività trascrizionale di CLK/CYC e di conseguenza la propria trascrizione. Post-trascrizionali e post-traduzionali regolamenti causano ritardi tra CLK/CYC-mediata trascrizione e repressione di PER / TIM, garantendo la generazione di circa 24-h oscillazioni molecolari1,3,4 . Circa 150 neuroni contenenti questi orologi molecolari forma un circuito per controllare il comportamento circadiano di adulto Vola5. Un molto più semplice ma completamente funzionale circadiano circuito composto da 3 gruppi di neuroni orologio - 5 neuroni laterale ventrale (LNvs; 4 PDF-positivi LNvs e un PDF-negativi LNv, vedi sotto), 2 dorsali del neurone 1s (DN1s) e 2 dorsale del neurone 2s (DN2s) - è presente nel larvale cervello6,7.
Il semplice circuito circadiano larvale offre un eccellente modello per studiare le interazioni tra la comunicazione inter-neuronale e l'orologio molecolare. Utilizzando il nostro reporter fluorescente recente sviluppato PER-TDT, che imita i livelli di PER proteina e la sua posizione subcellulare, abbiamo cercato di caratterizzare la dinamica del movimento a orologeria molecolare nei sottogruppi di neurone differenti dell'orologio nel circuito circadiano larvale 8. Inoltre, conoscendo il ruolo chiave del fattore di dispersione del pigmento di neuropeptide (PDF) prodotto da 4 LNvs nel regolare i ritmi circadiani a livello neuronale9,10,11, abbiamo voluto esaminare il diretto effetto di PDF sugli orologi molecolari. A tal fine, abbiamo sviluppato un metodo per monitorare l'espressione genica circadiana ritmi nel cervello larvale explant di più giorni mediante microscopia confocale a time-lapse. Il protocollo è stato anche adattato per i dosaggi farmacologici testare l'effetto di PDF o altri composti sul livello di PER-TDT. Così, l'adattamento è costituito da rendendo accessibile all'applicazione di droga la cultura di espianto del cervello, aumentando la risoluzione temporale e imaging per una durata più breve.
Ex vivo cultura del cervello di Drosophila di diversi stadi di sviluppo sono stati stabiliti in precedenza12,13,14,15,16,17 ,18. Considerando che questi protocolli sono stati utilizzati per l'imaging di vari fenomeni biologici, alcuni di loro non sono compatibili con formazione immagine a risoluzione di singole cellule o non supportano la cultura per più di alcune ore. Metodi alternativi per eseguire imaging dal vivo a lungo termine dei neuroni circadiani in Drosophila includono bioluminescenza imaging molecolare ritmi19,20,21 e imaging di fluorescenza indicatore di calcio con foglio leggero microscopia22,23. Anche se imaging bioluminescenza può raggiungere la più alta risoluzione temporale e microscopia foglio leggero può essere adattabile per l'imaging in vivo , essi hanno limitati la risoluzione spaziale e richiedono sistemi di microscopia specializzati.
Il metodo qui descritto è su misura per visualizzare segnali fluorescenti nella cultura intero cervello a cella singola risoluzione di più giorni. Questo metodo facile e versatile può essere adattato ai cervelli volare adulto immagine coltivata e per gli esperimenti farmacologici studiare diversi problemi in neurobiologia della drosofila .

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>KH2PO4</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5655</td>
			<td>I am not sure they are exactly the same ones we have in the lab. I chose &#34;suitable for insect cell culture&#34; whenever available</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>CaCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C7902</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>MgSO4.7H2O</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>230391</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S5886</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaHCO3</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S5761</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-(+) Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G7021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yeast extract</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Y1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>I0516-5ML</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4333</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BIS-TRIS</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>B4429</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-(&#8722;)-Malic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M7397</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T0167</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Succinic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S9512</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fumaric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>F8509</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#945;-Ketoglutaric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>K1128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Non-heat-inactivated, Foetal Calf Serum (FCS) Mycoplasma and Virus screened</td>
			<td>BioConcept Ltd. Amimed</td>
			<td>2-01F30-I</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES-KOH, pH 7.4</td>
			<td>E&#38;K Scientific Products</td>
			<td>EK-654011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5405</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaH2PO4</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S5011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sucrose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S7903</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fibrinogen from bovine plasma</td>
			<td>Calbiochem (Merck)</td>
			<td>341573-1GM</td>
			<td>CAUTION: Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. Manipulate under laminar flow</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thrombin from bovine plasma</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T9549</td>
			<td>CAUTION: Health Hazard, use gloves</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PDF, NH2-NSELINSLLSLPKNMNDA-OH</td>
			<td>Chi Scientific</td>
			<td>custom made</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vaccum grease</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>18405</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35 mm Dish, No. 1.5 Coverslip, 20 mm Glass Diameter, Uncoated</td>
			<td>MatTek</td>
			<td>P35G-1.5-20-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning Falcon Easy-Grip Tissue Culture Dishes</td>
			<td>fisherscientific</td>
			<td>08-772A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile 500 mL Steritop-GP 33 mm threaded bottle top filter, 0.22 &#956;m</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SCGPS05RE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film</td>
			<td>Dupont</td>
			<td>200A Teflon FEP Film</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Millex-HV Syringe Filter Unit, 0.45&#160;&#181;m, PVDF, 33&#160;mm, gamma sterilized</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SLHV033RS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Millex-GV Syringe Filter Unit, 0.22&#160;&#181;m, PVDF, 33&#160;mm, gamma sterilized</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SLGV033RS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Three-well glass dissection dish</td>
			<td>Any company</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine forceps, size 5, Dumont</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11254-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tandem scanner inverted TCS SP5 confocal microscope, with resonant scanner and HyD photo-multiplier detectors</td>
			<td>Leica microsystem CMS GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Temperature control chamber</td>
			<td>Life Imaging Services</td>
			<td>The CUBE &#38; BOX temperature control system, custom designed</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stage-top humidity controller</td>
			<td>Life Imaging Services</td>
			<td>custom made</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water Immersion Micro Dispenser: dispenser, extended micro-pump MP6 series and Autoimmersion Objective Controller software</td>
			<td>Leica microsystem CMS GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SUM-stack creation and 3D correction drift plugin</td>
			<td>ImageJ software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10x iterative deconvolution</td>
			<td>AutoQuant and Imaris software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

single-cell resolution fluorescence live imaging of drosophila circadian clocks in larval brain culture

Il circuito di stimolatore cardiaco circadiano Orchestra ritmiche uscite comportamentali e fisiologiche, coordinate con segnali ambientali, ad esempio cicli giorno/notte. L'orologio molecolare all'interno di ogni neurone di pacemaker genera i ritmi circadiani nell'espressione genica, che sottendono le funzioni neuronali ritmiche essenziali per il funzionamento del circuito. Indagine delle proprietà di singoli oscillatori molecolare in diverse sottoclassi di neuroni pacemaker e la loro interazione con la segnalazione di un neurone produce una migliore comprensione del circuito stimolatore cardiaco circadiano. Qui, presentiamo un approccio di time-lapse microscopia fluorescente sviluppato per monitorare l'orologio molecolare in neuroni di orologio di coltura della drosofila larvale cervello. Questo metodo permette la registrazione di multi-giorno dei ritmi di reporter circadiano fluorescenti geneticamente codificato a cella singola risoluzione. Questa configurazione può essere abbinata a manipolazioni farmacologiche per analizzare da vicino risposta in tempo reale dell'orologio molecolare di vari composti. Oltre i ritmi circadiani, questo metodo multiuso in combinazione con potenti tecniche genetiche di Drosophila offre la possibilità di studiare diversi processi neuronali o molecolari in tessuto cerebrale dal vivo.

Qui, vi mostriamo i risultati rappresentativi della registrazione a lungo termine di un reporter fluorescente circadiano in ex vivo larvale cervello cultura e i risultati di imaging dal vivo di applicazione bagno PDF sull'espressione di reporter.
Non vagare le larve L3 esprimendo l'orologio molecolare reporter PER-TDT e UAS-mCD8::YFP guidato da un conducente di neurone orologio Clk 856-gal4 (<strong class="xfig...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain Culture at JoVE.com

Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain Culture

L'obiettivo del presente protocollo è quello di stabilire ex vivo Drosophila cultura larvale cervello ottimizzato per monitorare i ritmi circadiani molecolari con formazione immagine di time-lapse fluorescenza a lungo termine. L'applicazione di questo metodo a dosaggi farmacologici inoltre è discussa.

Cella singola risoluzione fluorescenza Live Imaging di Drosophila orologi circadiani nel cervello larvale cultura

The circadian pacemaker circuit orchestrates rhythmic behavioral and physiological outputs coordinated with environmental cues, such as day/night cycles. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain Culture

Visualization of Larval Segmental Nerves in 3rd Instar Drosophila Larval Preparations

Visualization of Larval Segmental Nerves in 3rd Instar Drosophila Larval Preparations

Visualizzazione dei nervi larvali segmentale in 3 Rd Instar Drosophila I preparativi larvali

Drosophila melanogaster is emerging as a powerful model system for studying the development and function of the nervous system, particularly because of ...

Ricerca

Neuroscienze

Live-cell Imaging of Sensory Organ Precursor Cells in Intact Drosophila Pupae

Live-cell Imaging of Sensory Organ Precursor Cells in Intact Drosophila Pupae

Live-cellula Imaging di cellule sensoriali Precursore in Organo intatto Drosophila Pupae

Since the discovery of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), there has been a revolutionary change in the use of live-cell imaging as a tool for understanding ...

A Rapid Approach to High-Resolution Fluorescence Imaging in Semi-Thick Brain Slices

Un metodo rapido per High-Resolution Imaging di fluorescenza in semi-spessa fettine di cervello

A fundamental goal to both basic and clinical neuroscience is to better understand the identities, molecular makeup, and patterns of connectivity that are ...

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics

Analisi morfologica del Drosophila Larvale dendriti sensoriali e periferico Neuron assoni utilizzo Mosaici genetici

Nervous system development requires the correct specification of neuron position and identity, followed by accurate neuron class-specific dendritic ...

Non-Laser Capture Microscopy Approach for the Microdissection of Discrete Mouse Brain Regions for Total RNA Isolation and Downstream Next-Generation Sequencing and Gene Expression Profiling

Non-Laser Capture Microscopy Approach for the Microdissection of Discrete Mouse Brain Regions for Total RNA Isolation and Downstream Next-Generation Sequencing and Gene Expression Profiling  |

Non Laser Capture Microscopy approccio per la Microdissezione delle Regioni discreti cervello di topo per la totale isolamento di RNA e valle Next-Generation Sequencing e profili di espressione genica

As technological platforms, approaches such as next-generation sequencing, microarray, and qRT-PCR have great promise for expanding our understanding of ...

High-resolution Live Imaging of Cell Behavior in the Developing Neuroepithelium

Imaging ad alta risoluzione dal vivo del comportamento delle cellule in via di sviluppo neuroepitelio

The embryonic spinal cord consists of cycling neural progenitor cells that give rise to a large percentage of the neuronal and glial cells of the central ...

Ex vivo Live Imaging of Single Cell Divisions in Mouse Neuroepithelium

Ex vivo Live Imaging of Single Cell Divisions in Mouse Neuroepithelium

Ex vivo Imaging in diretta di divisioni cellulari singoli in mouse neuroepitelio

We developed a system that integrates live imaging of fluorescent markers and culturing slices of embryonic mouse neuroepithelium. We took advantage of ...

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Immagini dal vivo della mitosi in via di sviluppo embrionali di topo Cortex

Although of short duration, mitosis is a complex and dynamic multi-step process fundamental for development of organs including the brain. In the ...

Super-resolution Imaging of Neuronal Dense-core Vesicles

Super-Resolution Imaging di vescicole neuronali Dense-core

Detection of fluorescence provides the foundation for many widely utilized and rapidly advancing microscopy techniques employed in modern biological and ...

Live Imaging of Drosophila Larval Neuroblasts

Live Imaging of Drosophila Larval Neuroblasts

Immagini dal vivo di<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; larvali neuroblasti

Stem cells divide asymmetrically to generate two progeny cells with unequal fate potential: a self-renewing stem cell and a differentiating cell. Given ...