Name: single-cell resolution fluorescence live imaging of drosophila circadian clocks in larval brain culture
Uploaded: 2018-01-19T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain Culture at JoVE.com

Vi takker Michael Rosbash for sine mentorer og støtte i første fase av utviklingen av denne metoden. Dette arbeidet ble finansiert av JST VIPs programmet, Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A_149893 og 31003A_169548), den europeiske Research Council (ERC-StG-311194), Novartis grunnlaget for medisinsk-biomedisinsk forskning (13A39) og Universitetet i Geneve .

1. forberedelse av lager løsninger Under kultur hette
<ol><li>Forberede 400 mL 1 x Schneider aktive Medium (SAM) optimalisert for ex vivo kultur larver hjerner (endret referanse24,25) (tabell 1). Aliquot til 5 mL og flash fryse i flytende nitrogen (LN2), lagre på - 80 ° C.</li>
	<li>Klargjør 1 x Dissecting saltvannsoppløsning (DSS) ved utvannende 10 x lagerløsning (endret referanse26) (t...

<ol>
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D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+clock+shop:+coupled+circadian+oscillators.">The clock shop: coupled circadian oscillators.</a> Exp Neurol. 243, 21-27 (2013).</li><li>Zhang, Y., Emery, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chapter+15+-+Molecular+and+neural+control+of+insects+circadian+rhythms.">Chapter 15 - Molecular and neural control of insects circadian rhythms.</a> Insect molecular biology and biochemistry. , 513-551 (2012).</li><li>Hardin, P. 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O., Desplan, C., Blau, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circadian+pacemaker+neurons+transmit+and+modulate+visual+information+to+control+a+rapid+behavioral+response.">Circadian pacemaker neurons transmit and modulate visual information to control a rapid behavioral response.</a> Neuron. 45 (2), 293-300 (2005).</li><li>Sabado, V., Vienne, L., Nunes, J. M., Rosbash, M., Nagoshi, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence+circadian+imaging+reveals+a+PDF-dependent+transcriptional+regulation+of+the+Drosophila+molecular+clock.">Fluorescence circadian imaging reveals a PDF-dependent transcriptional regulation of the Drosophila molecular clock.</a> Sci Rep. 7, 41560 (2017).</li><li>Hyun, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drosophila+GPCR+Han+is+a+receptor+for+the+circadian+clock+neuropeptide+PDF.">Drosophila GPCR Han is a receptor for the circadian clock neuropeptide PDF.</a> Neuron. 48 (2), 267-278 (2005).</li><li>Lear, B. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+G+protein-coupled+receptor,+groom-of-PDF,+is+required+for+PDF+neuron+action+in+circadian+behavior.">A G protein-coupled receptor, groom-of-PDF, is required for PDF neuron action in circadian behavior.</a> Neuron. 48 (2), 221-227 (2005).</li><li>Mertens, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PDF+receptor+signaling+in+Drosophila+contributes+to+both+circadian+and+geotactic+behaviors.">PDF receptor signaling in Drosophila contributes to both circadian and geotactic behaviors.</a> Neuron. 48 (2), 213-219 (2005).</li><li>Ayaz, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Axonal+injury+and+regeneration+in+the+adult+brain+of+Drosophila.">Axonal injury and regeneration in the adult brain of Drosophila.</a> J Neurosci. 28 (23), 6010-6021 (2008).</li><li>Prithviraj, R., Trunova, S., Giniger, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex+vivo+culturing+of+whole,+developing+Drosophila+brains.">Ex vivo culturing of whole, developing Drosophila brains.</a> J Vis Exp. 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Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+imaging+of+neuroblast+lineages+within+intact+larval+brains+in+Drosophila.">Live imaging of neuroblast lineages within intact larval brains in Drosophila.</a> Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2013 (10), 970-977 (2013).</li><li>Januschke, J., Gonzalez, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+interphase+microtubule+aster+is+a+determinant+of+asymmetric+division+orientation+in+Drosophila+neuroblasts.">The interphase microtubule aster is a determinant of asymmetric division orientation in Drosophila neuroblasts.</a> The Journal of Cell Biology. 188 (5), 693-706 (2010).</li><li>Williamson, W. R., Hiesinger, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+of+developing+and+adult+Drosophila+brains+and+retinae+for+live+imaging.">Preparation of developing and adult Drosophila brains and retinae for live imaging.</a> J Vis Exp. (37), (2010).</li><li>Roberts, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Light+evokes+rapid+circadian+network+oscillator+desynchrony+followed+by+gradual+phase+retuning+of+synchrony.">Light evokes rapid circadian network oscillator desynchrony followed by gradual phase retuning of synchrony.</a> Curr Biol. 25 (7), 858-867 (2015).</li><li>Sehadova, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temperature+entrainment+of+Drosophila's+circadian+clock+involves+the+gene+nocte+and+signaling+from+peripheral+sensory+tissues+to+the+brain.">Temperature entrainment of Drosophila's circadian clock involves the gene nocte and signaling from peripheral sensory tissues to the brain.</a> Neuron. 64 (2), 251-266 (2009).</li><li>Sellix, M. T., Currie, J., Menaker, M., Wijnen, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence/luminescence+circadian+imaging+of+complex+tissues+at+single-cell+resolution.">Fluorescence/luminescence circadian imaging of complex tissues at single-cell resolution.</a> J Biol Rhythms. 25 (3), 228-232 (2010).</li><li>Liang, X., Holy, T. E., Taghert, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synchronous+Drosophila+circadian+pacemakers+display+nonsynchronous+Ca(2)(+)+rhythms+in+vivo.">Synchronous Drosophila circadian pacemakers display nonsynchronous Ca(2)(+) rhythms in vivo.</a> Science. 351 (6276), 976-981 (2016).</li><li>Liang, X., Holy, T. E., Taghert, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Series+of+Suppressive+Signals+within+the+Drosophila+Circadian+Neural+Circuit+Generates+Sequential+Daily+Outputs.">A Series of Suppressive Signals within the Drosophila Circadian Neural Circuit Generates Sequential Daily Outputs.</a> Neuron. , (2017).</li><li>Kuppers-Munther, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+culturing+strategy+optimises+Drosophila+primary+cell+cultures+for+structural+and+functional+analyses.">A new culturing strategy optimises Drosophila primary cell cultures for structural and functional analyses.</a> Dev Biol. 269 (2), 459-478 (2004).</li><li>Schneider, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+of+Larval+Drosophila+Eye-Antennal+Discs+in+Vitro.">Differentiation of Larval Drosophila Eye-Antennal Discs in Vitro.</a> J Exp Zool. 156, 91-103 (1964).</li><li>Jiang, S. A., Campusano, J. M., Su, H., O'Dowd, D. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drosophila+mushroom+body+Kenyon+cells+generate+spontaneous+calcium+transients+mediated+by+PLTX-sensitive+calcium+channels.">Drosophila mushroom body Kenyon cells generate spontaneous calcium transients mediated by PLTX-sensitive calcium channels.</a> J Neurophysiol. 94 (1), 491-500 (2005).</li><li>Hafer, N., Schedl, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dissection+of+larval+CNS+in+Drosophila+melanogaster.">Dissection of larval CNS in Drosophila melanogaster.</a> J Vis Exp. (1), e85 (2006).</li><li>Schindelin, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fiji:+an+open-source+platform+for+biological-image+analysis.">Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis.</a> Nat Methods. 9 (7), 676-682 (2012).</li><li>Rabinovich, D., Mayseless, O., Schuldiner, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long+term+ex+vivo+culturing+of+Drosophila+brain+as+a+method+to+live+image+pupal+brains:+insights+into+the+cellular+mechanisms+of+neuronal+remodeling.">Long term ex vivo culturing of Drosophila brain as a method to live image pupal brains: insights into the cellular mechanisms of neuronal remodeling.</a> Front Cell Neurosci. 9, 327 (2015).</li><li>Forer, A., Pickett-Heaps, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibrin+clots+keep+non-adhering+living+cells+in+place+on+glass+for+perfusion+or+fixation.">Fibrin clots keep non-adhering living cells in place on glass for perfusion or fixation.</a> Cell Biol Int. 29 (9), 721-730 (2005).</li><li>Forer, A., Pickett-Heaps, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cytochalasin+D+and+latrunculin+affect+chromosome+behaviour+during+meiosis+in+crane-fly+spermatocytes.">Cytochalasin D and latrunculin affect chromosome behaviour during meiosis in crane-fly spermatocytes.</a> Chromosome Res. 6 (7), 533-549 (1998).</li><li>Lukinavi&#269;ius, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SiR-Hoechst+is+a+far-red+DNA+stain+for+live-cell+nanoscopy.">SiR-Hoechst is a far-red DNA stain for live-cell nanoscopy.</a> Nature Communications. 6, 8497 (2015).</li><li>Medioni, C., Ephrussi, A., Besse, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+imaging+of+axonal+transport+in+Drosophila+pupal+brain+explants.">Live imaging of axonal transport in Drosophila pupal brain explants.</a> Nat Protoc. 10 (4), 574-584 (2015).</li><li>Enoki, R., Ono, D., Hasan, M. 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Her beskrev vi metoden for langsiktig fluorescens time-lapse mikroskopi kulturperler larver hjerner. Suksessen til denne typen eksperimenter avhenger av flere faktorer, for eksempel helse kultur, metode for immobilisering av hjernen explant, fluorescens intensitet og signal-til-støy forholdet reporter, timelige og romlig oppløsning, og tilgjengelighet til explant. Disse faktorene kan være gjensidig utelukkende. For eksempel økende time-lapse frekvens påvirker helsen til kultur og immobilisering av hjernen explant ka...

Circadian klokker hjelp organismer å tilpasse seg de periodiske miljøendringer generert av 24 h rotasjonen av jorden. De sammenstøt transcriptional-translasjonsforskning tilbakemeldingssløyfer ligger vanligvis molekylær maskiner av circadian klokker over arter1. Circadian pacemaker krets består av klokke inneholder neurons integrerer tid-til-dag informasjonen de miljømessige signaler, som lys/mørke (LD) og temperaturen sykluser, å organisere rytmene av en mengde daglig fysiologiske og atferdsmessige prosesser2,3. Samordning av molekylære rytmer med nevrale innganger og utganger er kritisk viktig for driften av circadian krets, men fortsatt bare delvis forstått.
I Drosophila, kjernen i molekylær klokken KLOKKESYKLUS (CLK/CYC) heterodimer aktiverer transkripsjon av perioden (per) og tidløs (tim). PER og TIM danner et kompleks og angi kjernen, hvor de hemme transcriptional aktivitet av CLK/CYC og dermed egne transkripsjon. Post-transcriptional og post-translasjonell forårsake forsinkelser mellom CLK/CYC-mediert transkripsjon og undertrykkelse av PER / TIM, sikrer generasjonen av ca 24-h molekylær svingninger1,3,4 . 150 nerveceller som inneholder disse molekylær klokker skjema flyr en krets å administrere circadian opptreden av voksen5. En mye enklere og fullt funksjonelt circadian krets bestående av 3 grupper av klokken neurons - 5 ventrale Lateral Neurons (LNvs; 4 PDF-positive LNvs og en PDF-negativ LNv, se nedenfor), 2 Dorsal Nevron 1s (DN1s) og 2 Dorsal Nevron 2s (DN2s) - er til stede i den larver hjernen6,7.
Enkel larver circadian krets tilbyr en utmerket modell for å studere interaksjonen mellom Inter neuronal kommunikasjon og molekylære urverk. Bruke vår nylig utviklede fluorescerende reporter PER-TDT, som etterligner nivåer av PER protein og subcellular plassering, søkt vi å karakterisere dynamikken i molekylær urverk i forskjellige klokke Nevron undergrupper i larver circadian krets 8. videre å vite den viktigste rollen neuropeptide pigment-spre faktoren (PDF) produsert av 4 LNvs i å regulere biologiske rytmer på neuronal nivå9,10,11, ønsket vi å undersøke direkte effekten av PDF på molekylære klokker. Dette utviklet vi en metode for å overvåke circadian genuttrykk rytmer i larver hjernen explant over flere av time-lapse AC confocal mikroskopi. Protokollen ble også tilpasset farmakologiske analyser å teste effekten av PDF eller andre forbindelser på nivået av PER-TDT. Dermed består tilpasning av gjør hjernen explant kulturen tilgjengelig medikament programmet, øke midlertidig løsning og imaging for en kortere varighet.
Ex vivo kulturen i Drosophila hjernen til forskjellige utviklingsstadier har vært tidligere etablert12,13,14,15,16,17 ,18. Mens disse protokollene er brukt for imaging ulike biologiske fenomener, noen av dem er ikke kompatible med imaging encellede oppløsning eller støtter ikke kulturen i flere timer. Alternative metoder for å utføre langsiktige live bildebehandling circadian neurons i Drosophila inkluderer bioluminescens bildebehandling molekylær rytmer19,20,21 og fluorescens avbilding av kalsium indikator med lys ark mikroskopi22,23. Selv om bioluminescens bildebehandling kan oppnå høyere timelige oppløsning og lys ark mikroskopi kan tilpasses i vivo bildebehandling, de er begrenset på romlig oppløsning og krever spesialisert mikroskop systemer.
Metoden beskrevet her er skreddersydd for å visualisere fluorescerende signaler i hele hjernen kultur encellede oppløsning over flere dager. Denne lettvinte og allsidige metoden kan tilpasses til bildet kultivert voksen fly hjerner og farmakologiske eksperimenter for å studere problemer i Drosophila nevrobiologi.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>KH2PO4</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5655</td>
			<td>I am not sure they are exactly the same ones we have in the lab. I chose &#34;suitable for insect cell culture&#34; whenever available</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>CaCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C7902</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>MgSO4.7H2O</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>230391</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S5886</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>NaHCO3</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S5761</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>D-(+) Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G7021</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Yeast extract</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Y1000</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Insulin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>I0516-5ML</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4333</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>BIS-TRIS</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>B4429</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>L-(&#8722;)-Malic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M7397</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T0167</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Succinic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S9512</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fumaric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>F8509</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#945;-Ketoglutaric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>K1128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Non-heat-inactivated, Foetal Calf Serum (FCS) Mycoplasma and Virus screened</td>
			<td>BioConcept Ltd. Amimed</td>
			<td>2-01F30-I</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES-KOH, pH 7.4</td>
			<td>E&#38;K Scientific Products</td>
			<td>EK-654011</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>KCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5405</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaH2PO4</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S5011</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Sucrose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S7903</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fibrinogen from bovine plasma</td>
			<td>Calbiochem (Merck)</td>
			<td>341573-1GM</td>
			<td>CAUTION: Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. Manipulate under laminar flow</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thrombin from bovine plasma</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T9549</td>
			<td>CAUTION: Health Hazard, use gloves</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PDF, NH2-NSELINSLLSLPKNMNDA-OH</td>
			<td>Chi Scientific</td>
			<td>custom made</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vaccum grease</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>18405</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35 mm Dish, No. 1.5 Coverslip, 20 mm Glass Diameter, Uncoated</td>
			<td>MatTek</td>
			<td>P35G-1.5-20-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning Falcon Easy-Grip Tissue Culture Dishes</td>
			<td>fisherscientific</td>
			<td>08-772A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile 500 mL Steritop-GP 33 mm threaded bottle top filter, 0.22 &#956;m</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SCGPS05RE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film</td>
			<td>Dupont</td>
			<td>200A Teflon FEP Film</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Millex-HV Syringe Filter Unit, 0.45&#160;&#181;m, PVDF, 33&#160;mm, gamma sterilized</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SLHV033RS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Millex-GV Syringe Filter Unit, 0.22&#160;&#181;m, PVDF, 33&#160;mm, gamma sterilized</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SLGV033RS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Three-well glass dissection dish</td>
			<td>Any company</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine forceps, size 5, Dumont</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11254-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tandem scanner inverted TCS SP5 confocal microscope, with resonant scanner and HyD photo-multiplier detectors</td>
			<td>Leica microsystem CMS GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Temperature control chamber</td>
			<td>Life Imaging Services</td>
			<td>The CUBE &#38; BOX temperature control system, custom designed</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stage-top humidity controller</td>
			<td>Life Imaging Services</td>
			<td>custom made</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water Immersion Micro Dispenser: dispenser, extended micro-pump MP6 series and Autoimmersion Objective Controller software</td>
			<td>Leica microsystem CMS GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SUM-stack creation and 3D correction drift plugin</td>
			<td>ImageJ software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10x iterative deconvolution</td>
			<td>AutoQuant and Imaris software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

single-cell resolution fluorescence live imaging of drosophila circadian clocks in larval brain culture

Circadian pacemaker krets orkestrerer rytmisk atferdsmessige og fysiologiske utganger koordinert med miljømessige stikkord, for eksempel natt. Molekylær klokken i hver pacemaker Nevron genererer døgnrytme i genuttrykk, som ligger til grunn de rytmisk neuronal funksjonene som er avgjørende for driften av kretsen. Undersøkelse av egenskapene til den personlige molekylære oscillatorer i forskjellige underklasser av pacemakeren neurons og deres samspill med neuronal signalering gir en bedre forståelse av circadian pacemaker krets. Her presenterer vi en time-lapse fluorescerende mikroskopi tilnærming utviklet for å overvåke molekylær urverk i klokken nevroner i kulturperler Drosophila larver hjernen. Denne metoden tillater flerdags innspillingen av rytmene av genetisk kodet fluorescerende circadian journalister på encellede oppløsning. Dette oppsettet kan kombineres med farmakologiske manipulasjoner nøye analysere sanntid svar av molekylære klokken på ulike forbindelser. Utover døgnrytme tilbyr denne multipurpose metode i kombinasjon med kraftige Drosophila genetisk teknikker muligheten til å studere ulike neuronal eller molekylære prosesser i live hjernevev.

Her viser vi representant resultatene av langsiktig innspillingen av en circadian fluorescerende reporter i ex vivo larver hjernen kultur og live bildebehandling resultatene av PDF bad programmet på reporter uttrykk.
Non-vandrende L3 larver uttrykke molekylær klokke reporter PER-TDT og UAS-mCD8::YFP drevet av en klokke Nevron driver Clk (856)-gal4 (figur 1 c) var entrained i LD. ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain Culture at JoVE.com

Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain Culture

Målet med denne protokollen er å etablere ex vivo Drosophila larver hjernen kultur optimalisert for å overvåke circadian molekylær rytmer med langsiktige fluorescens tidsinnstilt bildebehandling. Bruk av denne metoden å farmakologiske analyser er også diskutert.

Encellede oppløsning fluorescens Live bildebehandling av Drosophila Circadian klokker i larver hjernen kultur

The circadian pacemaker circuit orchestrates rhythmic behavioral and physiological outputs coordinated with environmental cues, such as day/night cycles. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain Culture

Visualization of Larval Segmental Nerves in 3rd Instar Drosophila Larval Preparations

Visualization of Larval Segmental Nerves in 3rd Instar Drosophila Larval Preparations

Drosophila melanogaster is emerging as a powerful model system for studying the development and function of the nervous system, particularly because of ...

Live-cell Imaging of Sensory Organ Precursor Cells in Intact Drosophila Pupae

Live-cell Imaging of Sensory Organ Precursor Cells in Intact Drosophila Pupae

Since the discovery of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), there has been a revolutionary change in the use of live-cell imaging as a tool for understanding ...

A Rapid Approach to High-Resolution Fluorescence Imaging in Semi-Thick Brain Slices

A fundamental goal to both basic and clinical neuroscience is to better understand the identities, molecular makeup, and patterns of connectivity that are ...

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics

Morfologisk analyse av Drosophila Larve perifer sensorisk Neuron dendritter og Axoner bruke Genetic Mosaikk

Nervous system development requires the correct specification of neuron position and identity, followed by accurate neuron class-specific dendritic ...

Non-Laser Capture Microscopy Approach for the Microdissection of Discrete Mouse Brain Regions for Total RNA Isolation and Downstream Next-Generation Sequencing and Gene Expression Profiling

Non-Laser Capture Microscopy Approach for the Microdissection of Discrete Mouse Brain Regions for Total RNA Isolation and Downstream Next-Generation Sequencing and Gene Expression Profiling  |

Non-Laser Capture Mikroskopi Approach for mikrodisseksjon av Discrete Mouse Brain Regions for Total RNA Isolation og nedstrøms Next-Generation Sekvensering og Gene Expression Profiling

As technological platforms, approaches such as next-generation sequencing, microarray, and qRT-PCR have great promise for expanding our understanding of ...

High-resolution Live Imaging of Cell Behavior in the Developing Neuroepithelium

Høy oppløsning Live-Imaging of Cell Behavior i utviklingsland Neuroepithelium

The embryonic spinal cord consists of cycling neural progenitor cells that give rise to a large percentage of the neuronal and glial cells of the central ...

Ex vivo Live Imaging of Single Cell Divisions in Mouse Neuroepithelium

Ex vivo Live Imaging of Single Cell Divisions in Mouse Neuroepithelium

Ex vivo Levende Imaging av single celledelinger i mus neuroepithelium

We developed a system that integrates live imaging of fluorescent markers and culturing slices of embryonic mouse neuroepithelium. We took advantage of ...

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Levende Imaging av Mitosis i utviklings Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Although of short duration, mitosis is a complex and dynamic multi-step process fundamental for development of organs including the brain. In the ...

Super-resolution Imaging of Neuronal Dense-core Vesicles

Super-oppløsning Imaging nevrale Dense-core Blemmer

Detection of fluorescence provides the foundation for many widely utilized and rapidly advancing microscopy techniques employed in modern biological and ...

Live Imaging of Drosophila Larval Neuroblasts

Live Imaging of Drosophila Larval Neuroblasts

Live-Imaging av<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Larve neuroblasts

Stem cells divide asymmetrically to generate two progeny cells with unequal fate potential: a self-renewing stem cell and a differentiating cell. Given ...