Name: single-cell resolution fluorescence live imaging of drosophila circadian clocks in larval brain culture
Uploaded: 2018-01-19T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain Culture at JoVE.com

Agradecemos a Michael Rosbash por sua orientação e apoio durante a fase inicial do desenvolvimento deste método. Este trabalho foi financiado pelo programa JST PRESTO, o Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A_149893 e 31003A_169548), o Conselho Europeu de investigação (ERC-StG-311194), Fundação Novartis para pesquisa médica-biomédica (13A39) e da Universidade de Genebra .

1. preparação das soluções estoque sob uma capa de cultura
<ol><li>Preparar 400 mL de 1x Schneider ativo médio (SAM) otimizado para cultura ex vivo dos cérebros larvas (modificado da referência24,25) (tabela 1). Alíquota de 5 mL e flash congelamento em nitrogênio líquido (LN2), loja a - 80 ° C.</li>
	<li>Preparar 1 x Dissecting solução salina (DSS) por 10 diluição de solução-mãe (modificado da referência<s...

<ol>
	<li>Sheeba, V., Kaneko, M., Sharma, V. K., Holmes, T. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Drosophila+circadian+pacemaker+circuit:+Pas+De+Deux+or+Tarantella?.">The Drosophila circadian pacemaker circuit: Pas De Deux or Tarantella?.</a> Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 43 (1), 37-61 (2008).</li><li>Granados-Fuentes, D., Herzog, E. 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O., Desplan, C., Blau, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circadian+pacemaker+neurons+transmit+and+modulate+visual+information+to+control+a+rapid+behavioral+response.">Circadian pacemaker neurons transmit and modulate visual information to control a rapid behavioral response.</a> Neuron. 45 (2), 293-300 (2005).</li><li>Sabado, V., Vienne, L., Nunes, J. 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C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+G+protein-coupled+receptor,+groom-of-PDF,+is+required+for+PDF+neuron+action+in+circadian+behavior.">A G protein-coupled receptor, groom-of-PDF, is required for PDF neuron action in circadian behavior.</a> Neuron. 48 (2), 221-227 (2005).</li><li>Mertens, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PDF+receptor+signaling+in+Drosophila+contributes+to+both+circadian+and+geotactic+behaviors.">PDF receptor signaling in Drosophila contributes to both circadian and geotactic behaviors.</a> Neuron. 48 (2), 213-219 (2005).</li><li>Ayaz, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Axonal+injury+and+regeneration+in+the+adult+brain+of+Drosophila.">Axonal injury and regeneration in the adult brain of Drosophila.</a> J Neurosci. 28 (23), 6010-6021 (2008).</li><li>Prithviraj, R., Trunova, S., Giniger, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex+vivo+culturing+of+whole,+developing+Drosophila+brains.">Ex vivo culturing of whole, developing Drosophila brains.</a> J Vis Exp. 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Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+imaging+of+neuroblast+lineages+within+intact+larval+brains+in+Drosophila.">Live imaging of neuroblast lineages within intact larval brains in Drosophila.</a> Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2013 (10), 970-977 (2013).</li><li>Januschke, J., Gonzalez, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+interphase+microtubule+aster+is+a+determinant+of+asymmetric+division+orientation+in+Drosophila+neuroblasts.">The interphase microtubule aster is a determinant of asymmetric division orientation in Drosophila neuroblasts.</a> The Journal of Cell Biology. 188 (5), 693-706 (2010).</li><li>Williamson, W. R., Hiesinger, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+of+developing+and+adult+Drosophila+brains+and+retinae+for+live+imaging.">Preparation of developing and adult Drosophila brains and retinae for live imaging.</a> J Vis Exp. (37), (2010).</li><li>Roberts, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Light+evokes+rapid+circadian+network+oscillator+desynchrony+followed+by+gradual+phase+retuning+of+synchrony.">Light evokes rapid circadian network oscillator desynchrony followed by gradual phase retuning of synchrony.</a> Curr Biol. 25 (7), 858-867 (2015).</li><li>Sehadova, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temperature+entrainment+of+Drosophila's+circadian+clock+involves+the+gene+nocte+and+signaling+from+peripheral+sensory+tissues+to+the+brain.">Temperature entrainment of Drosophila's circadian clock involves the gene nocte and signaling from peripheral sensory tissues to the brain.</a> Neuron. 64 (2), 251-266 (2009).</li><li>Sellix, M. T., Currie, J., Menaker, M., Wijnen, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence/luminescence+circadian+imaging+of+complex+tissues+at+single-cell+resolution.">Fluorescence/luminescence circadian imaging of complex tissues at single-cell resolution.</a> J Biol Rhythms. 25 (3), 228-232 (2010).</li><li>Liang, X., Holy, T. E., Taghert, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synchronous+Drosophila+circadian+pacemakers+display+nonsynchronous+Ca(2)(+)+rhythms+in+vivo.">Synchronous Drosophila circadian pacemakers display nonsynchronous Ca(2)(+) rhythms in vivo.</a> Science. 351 (6276), 976-981 (2016).</li><li>Liang, X., Holy, T. E., Taghert, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Series+of+Suppressive+Signals+within+the+Drosophila+Circadian+Neural+Circuit+Generates+Sequential+Daily+Outputs.">A Series of Suppressive Signals within the Drosophila Circadian Neural Circuit Generates Sequential Daily Outputs.</a> Neuron. , (2017).</li><li>Kuppers-Munther, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+culturing+strategy+optimises+Drosophila+primary+cell+cultures+for+structural+and+functional+analyses.">A new culturing strategy optimises Drosophila primary cell cultures for structural and functional analyses.</a> Dev Biol. 269 (2), 459-478 (2004).</li><li>Schneider, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+of+Larval+Drosophila+Eye-Antennal+Discs+in+Vitro.">Differentiation of Larval Drosophila Eye-Antennal Discs in Vitro.</a> J Exp Zool. 156, 91-103 (1964).</li><li>Jiang, S. A., Campusano, J. M., Su, H., O'Dowd, D. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drosophila+mushroom+body+Kenyon+cells+generate+spontaneous+calcium+transients+mediated+by+PLTX-sensitive+calcium+channels.">Drosophila mushroom body Kenyon cells generate spontaneous calcium transients mediated by PLTX-sensitive calcium channels.</a> J Neurophysiol. 94 (1), 491-500 (2005).</li><li>Hafer, N., Schedl, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dissection+of+larval+CNS+in+Drosophila+melanogaster.">Dissection of larval CNS in Drosophila melanogaster.</a> J Vis Exp. (1), e85 (2006).</li><li>Schindelin, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fiji:+an+open-source+platform+for+biological-image+analysis.">Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis.</a> Nat Methods. 9 (7), 676-682 (2012).</li><li>Rabinovich, D., Mayseless, O., Schuldiner, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long+term+ex+vivo+culturing+of+Drosophila+brain+as+a+method+to+live+image+pupal+brains:+insights+into+the+cellular+mechanisms+of+neuronal+remodeling.">Long term ex vivo culturing of Drosophila brain as a method to live image pupal brains: insights into the cellular mechanisms of neuronal remodeling.</a> Front Cell Neurosci. 9, 327 (2015).</li><li>Forer, A., Pickett-Heaps, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibrin+clots+keep+non-adhering+living+cells+in+place+on+glass+for+perfusion+or+fixation.">Fibrin clots keep non-adhering living cells in place on glass for perfusion or fixation.</a> Cell Biol Int. 29 (9), 721-730 (2005).</li><li>Forer, A., Pickett-Heaps, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cytochalasin+D+and+latrunculin+affect+chromosome+behaviour+during+meiosis+in+crane-fly+spermatocytes.">Cytochalasin D and latrunculin affect chromosome behaviour during meiosis in crane-fly spermatocytes.</a> Chromosome Res. 6 (7), 533-549 (1998).</li><li>Lukinavi&#269;ius, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SiR-Hoechst+is+a+far-red+DNA+stain+for+live-cell+nanoscopy.">SiR-Hoechst is a far-red DNA stain for live-cell nanoscopy.</a> Nature Communications. 6, 8497 (2015).</li><li>Medioni, C., Ephrussi, A., Besse, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+imaging+of+axonal+transport+in+Drosophila+pupal+brain+explants.">Live imaging of axonal transport in Drosophila pupal brain explants.</a> Nat Protoc. 10 (4), 574-584 (2015).</li><li>Enoki, R., Ono, D., Hasan, M. 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Aqui, descrevemos o método para longo prazo lapso de tempo a microscopia de fluorescência dos cérebros larvas culturas. O sucesso deste tipo de experiências depende de vários fatores, tais como a saúde da cultura, método para a imobilização do explante cérebro, intensidade de fluorescência e relação sinal-ruído do repórter, temporal e resolução espacial, e acessibilidade para o explante. Estes fatores podem ser mutuamente exclusivos. Por exemplo, aumento da frequência de lapso de tempo afeta a saúde da...

Pulsos de disparo circadianos ajudam os organismos para se adaptar às mudanças ambientais periódicas geradas pela rotação da Terra 24 h. Os loops de feedback transcriptional-translacional entrecruzado comumente fundamentam a maquinaria molecular de relógios circadianos em espécie1. O circuito de marcapasso circadian composto de relógio contendo neurônios integra informações de tempo do dia, transmitidas pelas pistas ambientais, tais como ciclos de temperatura, para orquestrar os ritmos de uma infinidade de diários e claro/escuro (LD) fisiológica e processos comportamentais2,3. A coordenação de ritmos moleculares com neuronais entradas e saídas é criticamente importante para o funcionamento do circuito circadian mas permanece apenas parcialmente compreendido.
Em Drosophila, o cerne do relógio molecular, o heterodímero/ciclo de relógio (CLK/CYC) ativa a transcrição do período (por) e atemporal (tim). PER e TIM formam um complexo e entram no núcleo, onde eles inibem a atividade transcricional de CLK/CYC e, consequentemente, sua própria transcrição. Regulamentos pós-transcricional e borne-translational causam atrasos entre transcrição CLK/CYC-mediada e repressão por PER / TIM, garantindo a geração de cerca de 24-h oscilações moleculares1,3,4 . Cerca de 150 neurônios contendo estes pulsos de disparo molecular forma um circuito de controle circadiano comportamento de adulto voa5. Um muito mais simples, mas totalmente funciona circadian circuito constituído por 3 grupos de neurônios do relógio - 5 neurônios Lateral ventral (LNvs; 4 LNvs PDF-positivo e um negativo PDF LNv, veja abaixo), 2 Dorsal neurônio 1s (DN1s) e 2 Dorsal neurônio 2s (DN2s) - está presente em larval cérebro de6,7.
O simples circuito circadian larval oferece um excelente modelo para estudar as interações entre comunicação inter neuronal e o relógio molecular. Usando nosso repórter fluorescente recentemente desenvolvido por-TDT, que imita os níveis de por proteínas e sua localização subcellular, procurámos caracterizar a dinâmica da mecânica molecular em subgrupos de neurônio relógio diferente no circuito circadian larval 8. Além disso, sabendo que o papel fundamental do fator de dispersão de pigmento de neuropeptide (PDF) produzido pelo 4 LNvs na regulação dos ritmos circadianos no nível neuronal9,10,11, queríamos examinar diretamente o efeito do PDF sobre os relógios moleculares. Para este fim, nós desenvolvemos um método para monitorar a expressão do gene circadian ritmos no cérebro larval explant durante vários dias pela microscopia confocal lapso de tempo. O protocolo também foi adaptado para ensaios farmacológicos testar o efeito de PDF ou outros compostos no nível de PER-TDT. Assim, a adaptação consiste em tornar a cérebro explante cultura acessível a aplicação da droga, aumentando a resolução temporal e de imagem para uma duração mais curta.
Ex vivo cultura da drosófila cérebros dos diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento têm sido estabelecida anteriormente12,13,14,15,16,17 ,18. Considerando que estes protocolos têm sido utilizados para imagens de vários fenômenos biológicos, alguns deles não são compatíveis com a imagem em resolução de célula única ou não apoiar a cultura por mais de algumas horas. Métodos alternativos para realizar a longo prazo de imagem ao vivo de neurônios circadianos em Drosophila incluem imagens de bioluminescência de ritmos molecular19,20,21 e imagem latente de fluorescência de indicador de cálcio com microscopia de luz folha22,23. Embora imagens de bioluminescência podem alcançar maior resolução temporal e microscopia de luz folha pode ser adaptável para a imagem latente na vivo , eles são limitados a resolução espacial e exigem sistemas especializados de microscópio.
O método descrito aqui é adaptado para visualizar sinais fluorescentes na cultura de todo o cérebro em célula única resolução ao longo de vários dias. Este método fácil e versátil pode ser adaptado aos cérebros de mosca adulta imagem cultivada e para experimentos farmacológicos estudar muitos problemas diferentes em neurobiologia da drosófila .

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>KH2PO4</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5655</td>
			<td>I am not sure they are exactly the same ones we have in the lab. I chose &#34;suitable for insect cell culture&#34; whenever available</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CaCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C7902</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgSO4.7H2O</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>230391</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S5886</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaHCO3</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S5761</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-(+) Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G7021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yeast extract</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Y1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>I0516-5ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4333</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BIS-TRIS</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>B4429</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-(&#8722;)-Malic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M7397</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T0167</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Succinic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S9512</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fumaric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>F8509</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#945;-Ketoglutaric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>K1128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Non-heat-inactivated, Foetal Calf Serum (FCS) Mycoplasma and Virus screened</td>
			<td>BioConcept Ltd. Amimed</td>
			<td>2-01F30-I</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES-KOH, pH 7.4</td>
			<td>E&#38;K Scientific Products</td>
			<td>EK-654011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5405</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaH2PO4</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S5011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sucrose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S7903</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fibrinogen from bovine plasma</td>
			<td>Calbiochem (Merck)</td>
			<td>341573-1GM</td>
			<td>CAUTION: Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. Manipulate under laminar flow</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thrombin from bovine plasma</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T9549</td>
			<td>CAUTION: Health Hazard, use gloves</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PDF, NH2-NSELINSLLSLPKNMNDA-OH</td>
			<td>Chi Scientific</td>
			<td>custom made</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vaccum grease</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>18405</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35 mm Dish, No. 1.5 Coverslip, 20 mm Glass Diameter, Uncoated</td>
			<td>MatTek</td>
			<td>P35G-1.5-20-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning Falcon Easy-Grip Tissue Culture Dishes</td>
			<td>fisherscientific</td>
			<td>08-772A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile 500 mL Steritop-GP 33 mm threaded bottle top filter, 0.22 &#956;m</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SCGPS05RE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film</td>
			<td>Dupont</td>
			<td>200A Teflon FEP Film</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Millex-HV Syringe Filter Unit, 0.45&#160;&#181;m, PVDF, 33&#160;mm, gamma sterilized</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SLHV033RS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Millex-GV Syringe Filter Unit, 0.22&#160;&#181;m, PVDF, 33&#160;mm, gamma sterilized</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SLGV033RS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Three-well glass dissection dish</td>
			<td>Any company</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine forceps, size 5, Dumont</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11254-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tandem scanner inverted TCS SP5 confocal microscope, with resonant scanner and HyD photo-multiplier detectors</td>
			<td>Leica microsystem CMS GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Temperature control chamber</td>
			<td>Life Imaging Services</td>
			<td>The CUBE &#38; BOX temperature control system, custom designed</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stage-top humidity controller</td>
			<td>Life Imaging Services</td>
			<td>custom made</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water Immersion Micro Dispenser: dispenser, extended micro-pump MP6 series and Autoimmersion Objective Controller software</td>
			<td>Leica microsystem CMS GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SUM-stack creation and 3D correction drift plugin</td>
			<td>ImageJ software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10x iterative deconvolution</td>
			<td>AutoQuant and Imaris software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

single-cell resolution fluorescence live imaging of drosophila circadian clocks in larval brain culture

O circuito de marcapasso circadian orquestra rítmicas saídas comportamentais e fisiológicas coordenadas com dicas ambientais, tais como ciclos de dia/noite. O relógio molecular dentro de cada neurônio de marcapasso gera ritmos circadianos na expressão gênica, subjacentes as rítmicas neuronais funções essenciais para o funcionamento do circuito. Investigação das propriedades dos osciladores moleculares individuais em diferentes subclasses de neurônios de marcapasso e sua interação com a sinalização neuronal resulta em um melhor entendimento do circuito circadian pacemaker. Aqui, apresentamos uma abordagem de lapso de tempo microscopia fluorescente desenvolvida para monitorar a mecânica molecular nos neurônios do relógio do culto cérebro larval de Drosophila . Este método permite a gravação de multi-dia de ritmos de repórteres circadianos fluorescentes geneticamente codificados em resolução de célula única. Esta configuração pode ser combinada com manipulações farmacológicas para analisar atentamente uma resposta em tempo real do relógio molecular para vários compostos. Além dos ritmos circadianos, esse método multiuso em combinação com poderosas técnicas de genética de Drosophila oferece a possibilidade de estudar diversos processos neuronais ou moleculares no tecido cerebral ao vivo.

Aqui, nós mostramos os resultados representativos da gravação a longo prazo de uma repórter fluorescente circadian ex vivo cultura larval do cérebro e os resultados ao vivo de imagem do aplicativo de banho PDF na expressão de repórter.
Non-vagando as larvas L3 expressando o relógio molecular repórter PER-TDT e conduzido por um motorista de neurônio relógio Clk 856-gal4 (Figura 1<...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain Culture at JoVE.com

Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain Culture

O objetivo do presente protocolo é estabelecer ex vivo da drosófila cultura larval cérebro otimizada para monitorar circadianos ritmos moleculares com imagem de lapso de tempo a longo prazo da fluorescência. A aplicação deste método de ensaios farmacológicos também é discutida.

Fluorescência de célula única resolução vivo Imaging de Drosophila relógios circadianos em cultura cérebro Larval

The circadian pacemaker circuit orchestrates rhythmic behavioral and physiological outputs coordinated with environmental cues, such as day/night cycles. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain Culture

Visualization of Larval Segmental Nerves in 3rd Instar Drosophila Larval Preparations

Visualization of Larval Segmental Nerves in 3rd Instar Drosophila Larval Preparations

Visualização de Larval Nervos segmentar em 3 Rd Instar Drosophila Preparações larval

Drosophila melanogaster is emerging as a powerful model system for studying the development and function of the nervous system, particularly because of ...

Neurociência

Live-cell Imaging of Sensory Organ Precursor Cells in Intact Drosophila Pupae

Live-cell Imaging of Sensory Organ Precursor Cells in Intact Drosophila Pupae

Em células vivas, imagens de células precursoras de órgãos sensoriais na Intact Drosophila As pupas

Since the discovery of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), there has been a revolutionary change in the use of live-cell imaging as a tool for understanding ...

A Rapid Approach to High-Resolution Fluorescence Imaging in Semi-Thick Brain Slices

Uma abordagem rápida para alta resolução de imagem de fluorescência em fatias grossas Semi-Cérebro

A fundamental goal to both basic and clinical neuroscience is to better understand the identities, molecular makeup, and patterns of connectivity that are ...

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics

Análise morfológica de Drosophila Larval sensorial periférica Dendrites Neuron e axônios Usando Mosaicos Genéticos

Nervous system development requires the correct specification of neuron position and identity, followed by accurate neuron class-specific dendritic ...

Non-Laser Capture Microscopy Approach for the Microdissection of Discrete Mouse Brain Regions for Total RNA Isolation and Downstream Next-Generation Sequencing and Gene Expression Profiling

Non-Laser Capture Microscopy Approach for the Microdissection of Discrete Mouse Brain Regions for Total RNA Isolation and Downstream Next-Generation Sequencing and Gene Expression Profiling  |

Laser não-Abordagem Microscopia de captura para o Microdissecção de regiões cerebrais discretas Mouse para isolamento de RNA total e Seqüenciamento Next-Generation Downstream e perfil de expressão gênica

As technological platforms, approaches such as next-generation sequencing, microarray, and qRT-PCR have great promise for expanding our understanding of ...

High-resolution Live Imaging of Cell Behavior in the Developing Neuroepithelium

De alta resolução de imagem ao vivo de comportamento de células no desenvolvimento neuroepitélio

The embryonic spinal cord consists of cycling neural progenitor cells that give rise to a large percentage of the neuronal and glial cells of the central ...

Ex vivo Live Imaging of Single Cell Divisions in Mouse Neuroepithelium

Ex vivo Live Imaging of Single Cell Divisions in Mouse Neuroepithelium

Ex vivo imagens ao vivo de divisões celulares simples no mouse neuroepithelium

We developed a system that integrates live imaging of fluorescent markers and culturing slices of embryonic mouse neuroepithelium. We took advantage of ...

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Imagens ao vivo da mitose no desenvolvimento Cortex embrionárias de camundongos

Although of short duration, mitosis is a complex and dynamic multi-step process fundamental for development of organs including the brain. In the ...

Super-resolution Imaging of Neuronal Dense-core Vesicles

Super-Resolution Imaging da Neuronal Vesicles Dense-core

Detection of fluorescence provides the foundation for many widely utilized and rapidly advancing microscopy techniques employed in modern biological and ...

Live Imaging of Drosophila Larval Neuroblasts

Live Imaging of Drosophila Larval Neuroblasts

Imagens ao vivo de<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; larval Neuroblastos

Stem cells divide asymmetrically to generate two progeny cells with unequal fate potential: a self-renewing stem cell and a differentiating cell. Given ...