Name: a time-lapse, label-free, quantitative phase imaging study of dormant and active human cancer cells
Uploaded: 2018-02-16T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Time-lapse, Label-free, Quantitative Phase Imaging Study of Dormant and Active Human Cancer Cells at JoVE.com

Forfatterne erkjenner takknemlig støtte fra Breast Cancer Research Fundation og avansert medisinsk Research Foundation.

Alle metodene som er beskrevet her er godkjent av Boston Children's Hospital institusjonelle Biosafety utvalget.
1. celle forberedelse
<ol><li>
Tiner KHOS-A og -N celler
	<ol>
<li>Varm opp kultur medium, i.e.Dulbeccos endret Eagle medium med 10% (vol/vol) fetal kalv serum (FBS) og 1% (vol/vol) penicillin/streptomycin.</li>
		<li>Ta kryogene hetteglass celler fra flytende nitrogen tanken, dyppe nederst ampullene i varmt vann i et 37 ° C vannbad og forsiktig risting ...

<ol>
	<li>Folkman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Angiogenesis+in+cancer,+vascular,+rheumatoid+and+other+disease.">Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease.</a> Nature Medicine. 1 (1), 27-31 (1995).</li><li>Hanahan, D., Folkman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patterns+and+emerging+mechanisms+of+the+angiogenic+switch+during+tumorigenesis.">Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis.</a> Cell. 86 (3), 353-364 (1996).</li><li>Harper, J., Moses, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+regulation+of+tumor+angiogenesis:+mechanisms+and+therapeutic+implications.">Molecular regulation of tumor angiogenesis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.</a> EXS. (96), 223-268 (2006).</li><li>Naumov, G. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+model+of+human+tumor+dormancy:+an+angiogenic+switch+from+the+nonangiogenic+phenotype.">A model of human tumor dormancy: an angiogenic switch from the nonangiogenic phenotype.</a> Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 98 (5), 316-325 (2006).</li><li>Fang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Matrix+metalloproteinase-2+is+required+for+the+switch+to+the+angiogenic+phenotype+in+a+tumor+model.">Matrix metalloproteinase-2 is required for the switch to the angiogenic phenotype in a tumor model.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97 (8), 3884-3889 (2000).</li><li>Almog, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+switch+of+dormant+tumors+to+fast-growing+angiogenic+phenotype.">Transcriptional switch of dormant tumors to fast-growing angiogenic phenotype.</a> Cancer Research. 69 (3), 836-844 (2009).</li><li>Hu, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+expression+signature+for+angiogenic+and+nonangiogenic+non-small-cell+lung+cancer.">Gene expression signature for angiogenic and nonangiogenic non-small-cell lung cancer.</a> Oncogene. 24 (7), 1212-1219 (2005).</li><li>Harper, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repression+of+vascular+endothelial+growth+factor+expression+by+the+zinc+finger+transcription+factor+ZNF24.">Repression of vascular endothelial growth factor expression by the zinc finger transcription factor ZNF24.</a> Cancer Research. 67 (18), 8736-8741 (2007).</li><li>Jia, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+repression+of+VEGF+by+ZNF24:+mechanistic+studies+and+vascular+consequences+in+vivo.">Transcriptional repression of VEGF by ZNF24: mechanistic studies and vascular consequences in vivo.</a> Blood. 121 (4), 707-715 (2013).</li><li>Jia, D., Huang, L., Bischoff, J., Moses, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+endogenous+zinc+finger+transcription+factor,+ZNF24,+modulates+the+angiogenic+potential+of+human+microvascular+endothelial+cells.">The endogenous zinc finger transcription factor, ZNF24, modulates the angiogenic potential of human microvascular endothelial cells.</a> FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 29 (4), 1371-1382 (2015).</li><li>Almog, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prolonged+dormancy+of+human+liposarcoma+is+associated+with+impaired+tumor+angiogenesis.">Prolonged dormancy of human liposarcoma is associated with impaired tumor angiogenesis.</a> FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 20 (7), 947-949 (2006).</li><li>Almog, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Consensus+micro+RNAs+governing+the+switch+of+dormant+tumors+to+the+fast-growing+angiogenic+phenotype.">Consensus micro RNAs governing the switch of dormant tumors to the fast-growing angiogenic phenotype.</a> PloS One. 7 (8), e44001 (2012).</li><li>Satchi-Fainaro, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prospective+identification+of+glioblastoma+cells+generating+dormant+tumors.">Prospective identification of glioblastoma cells generating dormant tumors.</a> PloS One. 7 (9), e44395 (2012).</li><li>Almog, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+changes+induced+by+the+tumor+dormancy-associated+microRNA-190.">Transcriptional changes induced by the tumor dormancy-associated microRNA-190.</a> Transcription. 4 (4), 177-191 (2013).</li><li>Gao, D., Nolan, D. J., Mellick, A. S., Bambino, K., McDonnell, K., Mittal, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endothelial+progenitor+cells+control+the+angiogenic+switch+in+mouse+lung+metastasis.">Endothelial progenitor cells control the angiogenic switch in mouse lung metastasis.</a> Science. 319 (5860), 195-198 (2008).</li><li>Folkman, J., Watson, K., Ingber, D., Hanahan, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+angiogenesis+during+the+transition+from+hyperplasia+to+neoplasia.">Induction of angiogenesis during the transition from hyperplasia to neoplasia.</a> Nature. 339 (6219), 58-61 (1989).</li><li>Popescu, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Quantitative phase imaging of cells and tissues. , (2011).</li><li>Lee, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+Phase+Imaging+Techniques+for+the+Study+of+Cell+Pathophysiology:+From+Principles+to+Applications.">Quantitative Phase Imaging Techniques for the Study of Cell Pathophysiology: From Principles to Applications.</a> Sensors. 13 (4), 4170-4191 (2013).</li><li>Mir, M., Bhaduri, B., Wang, R., Zhu, R., Popescu, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+Phase+Imaging.">Quantitative Phase Imaging.</a> Progress in Optics. 57, 133-217 (2012).</li><li>Marrison, J., R&#228;ty, L., Marriott, P., O'Toole, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ptychography--a+label+free,+high-contrast+imaging+technique+for+live+cells+using+quantitative+phase+information.">Ptychography--a label free, high-contrast imaging technique for live cells using quantitative phase information.</a> Scientific Reports. 3, 2369 (2013).</li><li>Falck Miniotis, M., Mukwaya, A., Gj&#246;rloff Wingren, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Digital+holographic+microscopy+for+non-invasive+monitoring+of+cell+cycle+arrest+in+L929+cells.">Digital holographic microscopy for non-invasive monitoring of cell cycle arrest in L929 cells.</a> PloS One. 9 (9), e106546 (2014).</li><li>Popescu, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+imaging+of+cell+mass+and+growth+dynamics.">Optical imaging of cell mass and growth dynamics.</a> AJP: Cell Physiology. 295 (2), C538-C544 (2008).</li><li>Guo, P., Huang, J., Moses, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+dormant+and+active+human+cancer+cells+by+quantitative+phase+imaging.">Characterization of dormant and active human cancer cells by quantitative phase imaging.</a> Cytometry. Part A: The Journal of the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry. 91 (5), 424-432 (2017).</li><li>Mir, M., Bergamaschi, A., Katzenellenbogen, B. S., Popescu, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+sensitive+quantitative+imaging+for+monitoring+single+cancer+cell+growth+kinetics+and+drug+response.">Highly sensitive quantitative imaging for monitoring single cancer cell growth kinetics and drug response.</a> PloS One. 9 (2), e89000 (2014).</li><li>Mir, M., Tangella, K., Popescu, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood+testing+at+the+single+cell+level+using+quantitative+phase+and+amplitude+microscopy.">Blood testing at the single cell level using quantitative phase and amplitude microscopy.</a> Biomedical Optics Express. 2 (12), 3259-3266 (2011).</li><li>Park, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+red+blood+cell+mechanics+during+morphological+changes.">Measurement of red blood cell mechanics during morphological changes.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (15), 6731-6736 (2010).</li><li>Pham, H. V., Bhaduri, B., Tangella, K., Best-Popescu, C., Popescu, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real+time+blood+testing+using+quantitative+phase+imaging.">Real time blood testing using quantitative phase imaging.</a> PloS One. 8 (2), e55676 (2013).</li><li>Sridharan, S., Macias, V., Tangella, K., Kajdacsy-Balla, A., Popescu, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prediction+of+prostate+cancer+recurrence+using+quantitative+phase+imaging.">Prediction of prostate cancer recurrence using quantitative phase imaging.</a> Scientific Reports. 5, 9976 (2015).</li><li>Park, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measuring+cell+surface+area+and+deformability+of+individual+human+red+blood+cells+over+blood+storage+using+quantitative+phase+imaging.">Measuring cell surface area and deformability of individual human red blood cells over blood storage using quantitative phase imaging.</a> Scientific Reports. 6, 34257 (2016).</li><li>Bishitz, Y., Gabai, H., Girshovitz, P., Shaked, N. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical-mechanical+signatures+of+cancer+cells+based+on+fluctuation+profiles+measured+by+interferometry.">Optical-mechanical signatures of cancer cells based on fluctuation profiles measured by interferometry.</a> Journal of Biophotonics. 7 (8), 624-630 (2014).</li></ol>

I denne studien beskriver vi en i vitro, ikke-invasiv, og etikett-fri metode bruke QPI for å karakterisere kvantitativt av angiogenic og ikke-angiogenic fenotyper menneskelige osteosarcoma celler. Flere mobilnettet parametere er analysert samtidig ved denne integrerte, høy gjennomstrømming metoden, inkludert celle området, celle tykkelse, celle volum, spredning rente, dobling tid, overføring direkthet, motilitet hastighet, migrasjon og motilitet.
Sammenlignet med de konvensjonell...

En av de tidligste sjekkpunktene i utvikling og utviklingen av en solid svulst er oppkjøpet av angiogenic fenotypen, et kjennetegn på kreft. Dette progresjon innebærer en rekke biokjemiske og molekylære prosesser1,2,3. En teknisk utfordring i studiet av dette viktige skritt i svulst progresjon er mangelen på verktøy som kontinuerlig og kvantitativt karakterisere og skille mellom angiogenic og ikke-angiogenic fenotyper av live kreftceller på en saklig måte. De tradisjonelle analyser brukes til å undersøke mobilnettet oppførsel av angiogenic og ikke-angiogenic cellene vanligvis krever dyre reagenser og instrumenter, for eksempel celle spredning/migrasjon søk4,5, 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 eller utfyllende i vivo evaluering4,5,6,8,15,16, samt kreve betydelig kompetanse og intensiv tids- og arbeidssystemer forbruk.
Nylig kvantitative fase imaging (QPI) har dukket opp som en teknikken som gjør time-lapse og merking-fri vurdering av en rekke celle morfologi og atferd parametere17,18,19, 20 , 21 , 22. i motsetning til konvensjonelle optisk mikroskopi, QPI kvantifiserer varianter av faseskift piksel for piksel etter lyset passerer gjennom et optisk objekt, og rekonstruerer et holograph med konverterte optisk tykkelse og volum, dermed muliggjør direkte analyse av levende celler og følgende funksjoner: (1) kvantitative bildebehandling, (2) ikke-invasiv og time-lapse bildebehandling, (3) etikett-fri bilder og (4) samtidige flere parameter bildebehandling. Disse funksjonene gjør QPI et kraftig verktøy for å vurdere og forstå patologisk prosesser på cellenivå.
I en fersk studie, benyttet vi QPI kvantitativt karakterisere og skille mellom angiogenic KHOS-en og ikke-angiogenic KHOS-N fenotyper menneskelige osteosarcoma celleområde i en systematisk og kvantitative måte, kombinere analyser av cellen morfologi, spredning og motilitet23. Bruke analyseprogramvare, et panel av cellen morfologiske og atferd parametere ble kvantitativt forhold mellom angiogenic og ikke-angiogenic menneskelige osteosarcoma celler og fem særtrekk ble identifisert mellom disse to fenotyper. Denne nye tilnærmingen gir en integrert og kvantitative plattform for å vurdere en rekke biologisk relevante mobilnettet egenskaper.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="908">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:34px;width:227px;">T75 flask</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Corning, NY, USA</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">353136</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:34px;width:227px;">6-well plates&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Corning, NY, USA</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">3506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:227px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s modified Eagle medium (DMEM)</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">11965092</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:34px;width:227px;">Fetal bovine serum (FBS)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Atlanta Biologicals, GA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">S11550</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:34px;width:227px;">Penicillin Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">15140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:34px;width:227px;">Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">10010023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:34px;width:227px;">Beckman Z1 Coulter counter</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Beckman Coulter, IN, USA</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Z1&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:227px;">HoloMonitor M4</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Phase Holographic Imaging Phi AB, Lund, Sweden</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">M4</td>
			<td>Microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:227px;">Hololid</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Phase Holographic Imaging Phi AB, Lund, Sweden</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">PHI 8020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:227px;">HStudioM4</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Phase Holographic Imaging Phi AB, Lund, Sweden</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">HStudioM4</td>
			<td>Software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a time-lapse, label-free, quantitative phase imaging study of dormant and active human cancer cells

Oppkjøpet av angiogenic fenotypen er en vesentlig komponent i Flukten fra svulst dormancy. Selv om flere klassiske i vitro analyser (f.eks, spredning, migrasjon, og andre) og i vivo modeller er utviklet for å undersøke og karakterisere angiogenic og ikke-angiogenic celle fenotyper, er disse metodene tid arbeids intense og krever ofte dyre reagenser og instrumenter, samt betydelig kompetanse. I en fersk studie brukte vi en roman kvantitative fase imaging (QPI) teknikk for å gjennomføre time-lapse og merking-fri karakteristikkene av angiogenic og ikke-angiogenic menneskelige osteosarcoma KHOS celler. Et panel av mobilnettet parametere, inkludert celle morfologi, spredning og motilitet, ble kvantitativt målt og analysert bruker QPI. Denne romanen og kvantitativ tilnærming gir mulighet til ikke-invasively og kontinuerlig studere relevante cellulære prosesser, atferd, og egenskaper av kreftceller og andre celletyper på en enkel og integrert måte. Denne rapporten beskriver vår eksperimentelle protokollen, inkludert celle forberedelse, QPI oppkjøp og dataanalyse.

Figur 1 viser typisk cellen morfologi karakteristikk. Bilder presenteres som holographs (figur 1A-B) og 2D-bilder (figur 1 c-D). Optisk celle tykkelser (beregnet fra brytningsindeks og optisk banelengde) er kvantifisert via linje profil eller en hel celle måling. Scatter tomter i området og tykkelsen av KHOS og KHOS-N celler til en hel celle var plottet, som i <str...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Time-lapse, Label-free, Quantitative Phase Imaging Study of Dormant and Active Human Cancer Cells at JoVE.com

A Time-lapse, Label-free, Quantitative Phase Imaging Study of Dormant and Active Human Cancer Cells

Sovende og aktive cellen fenotyper var preget med kvantitative fase imaging. Celle spredning, overføring og morfologi analyser ble integrert og analysert i en enkel metode.

En Time-lapse, etikett-fri, kvantitativ fase tenkelig studie av sovende og aktive menneskelige kreftceller

The acquisition of the angiogenic phenotype is an essential component of the escape from tumor dormancy. Although several classic in vitro assays (e.g., ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies

En syngene mus modell av metastatisk nyrecellekarsinom for Kvantitativ og Langsgående vurdering av Prekliniske terapier

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) affects &#62; 60,000 people in the United States annually, and ~ 30% of RCC patients have multiple metastases at the time of ...

Phosphopeptide Enrichment Coupled with Label-free Quantitative Mass Spectrometry to Investigate the Phosphoproteome in Prostate Cancer

Phosphopeptide berikelse kombinert med etikett-fri kvantitative massespektrometri å undersøke Phosphoproteome i prostatakreft

Phosphoproteomics involves the large-scale study of phosphorylated proteins. Protein phosphorylation is a critical step in many signal transduction ...

Using Microarrays to Interrogate Microenvironmental Impact on Cellular Phenotypes in Cancer

Bruke Microarrays å avhøre Microenvironmental Impact on Cellular fenotyper i Cancer

Understanding the impact of the microenvironment on the phenotype of cells is a difficult problem due to the complex mixture of both soluble growth ...

Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53

Gjær som et chassis for å utvikle funksjonelle analyser for å studere Human P53

The finding that the well-known mammalian P53 protein can act as a transcription factor (TF) in the yeast S. cerevisiae has allowed for the development of ...

Time-Lapse 2D Imaging of Phagocytic Activity in M1 Macrophage-4T1 Mouse Mammary Carcinoma Cells in Co-cultures

Time-lapse 2D Imaging av phagocytic aktivitet i M1 macrophage-4T1 Mouse Brystkreftceller i co-kulturer

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been identified as an important component for tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to cancer ...

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model

Studere trippel negativ brystkreft ved hjelp ortotopisk brystkreft modell

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with limited therapeutic options. When compared to patients with less ...

Combined Conditional Knockdown and Adapted Sphere Formation Assay to Study a Stemness-Associated Gene of Patient-derived Gastric Cancer Stem Cells

Kombinert betinget knockdown og tilpasset sfæreformasjonsanalyse for å studere et stemness-assosiert gen av pasientavledede magekreft stamceller

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are implicated in tumor initiation, development and recurrence after treatment, and have become the center of attention of many ...

Pathological Analysis of Lung Metastasis Following Lateral Tail-Vein Injection of Tumor Cells

Patologisk analyse av lungemetastase etter lateral hale-vene injeksjon av tumorceller

Metastasis, the primary cause of morbidity and mortality for most cancer patients, can be challenging to model preclinically in mice. Few spontaneous ...

Immunofluorescence Imaging of DNA Damage and Repair Foci in Human Colon Cancer Cells

Immunofluorescens Avbildning av DNA-skade og reparasjon av foci i humane tykktarmskreftceller

The purpose of the manuscript is to provide a step-by-step protocol for performing immunofluorescence microscopy to study the radiation-induced DNA damage ...

A Label-Free Segmentation Approach for Intravital Imaging of Mammary Tumor Microenvironment

En etikettfri segmenteringstilnærming for intravital avbildning av mammary tumormikromiljø

The ability to visualize complex and dynamic physiological interactions between numerous cell types and the extracellular matrix (ECM) within a live tumor ...