Name: a time-lapse, label-free, quantitative phase imaging study of dormant and active human cancer cells
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Författarna erkänner tacksamt stöd av bröst Cancer forskning stiftelsen och stiftelsen avancerad medicinsk forskning.

Alla de metoder som beskrivs här har godkänts av Boston Children's Hospital institutionella Biosäkerhetskommittén.
1. cell förberedelse
<ol><li>
Upptining KHOS-A och -N celler
	<ol>
<li>Värm upp odlingsmedium, dvsDulbecco's modified Eagle medium kompletteras med 10% (vol/vol) fetalt kalvserum (FBS) och 1% (vol/vol) penicillin/streptomycin.</li>
		<li>Ta de kryogena injektionsflaskorna av celler från flytande kväve tanken, doppa botten av flaskorna i varmt va...

<ol>
	<li>Folkman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Angiogenesis+in+cancer,+vascular,+rheumatoid+and+other+disease.">Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease.</a> Nature Medicine. 1 (1), 27-31 (1995).</li><li>Hanahan, D., Folkman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patterns+and+emerging+mechanisms+of+the+angiogenic+switch+during+tumorigenesis.">Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis.</a> Cell. 86 (3), 353-364 (1996).</li><li>Harper, J., Moses, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+regulation+of+tumor+angiogenesis:+mechanisms+and+therapeutic+implications.">Molecular regulation of tumor angiogenesis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.</a> EXS. (96), 223-268 (2006).</li><li>Naumov, G. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+model+of+human+tumor+dormancy:+an+angiogenic+switch+from+the+nonangiogenic+phenotype.">A model of human tumor dormancy: an angiogenic switch from the nonangiogenic phenotype.</a> Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 98 (5), 316-325 (2006).</li><li>Fang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Matrix+metalloproteinase-2+is+required+for+the+switch+to+the+angiogenic+phenotype+in+a+tumor+model.">Matrix metalloproteinase-2 is required for the switch to the angiogenic phenotype in a tumor model.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97 (8), 3884-3889 (2000).</li><li>Almog, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+switch+of+dormant+tumors+to+fast-growing+angiogenic+phenotype.">Transcriptional switch of dormant tumors to fast-growing angiogenic phenotype.</a> Cancer Research. 69 (3), 836-844 (2009).</li><li>Hu, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+expression+signature+for+angiogenic+and+nonangiogenic+non-small-cell+lung+cancer.">Gene expression signature for angiogenic and nonangiogenic non-small-cell lung cancer.</a> Oncogene. 24 (7), 1212-1219 (2005).</li><li>Harper, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repression+of+vascular+endothelial+growth+factor+expression+by+the+zinc+finger+transcription+factor+ZNF24.">Repression of vascular endothelial growth factor expression by the zinc finger transcription factor ZNF24.</a> Cancer Research. 67 (18), 8736-8741 (2007).</li><li>Jia, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+repression+of+VEGF+by+ZNF24:+mechanistic+studies+and+vascular+consequences+in+vivo.">Transcriptional repression of VEGF by ZNF24: mechanistic studies and vascular consequences in vivo.</a> Blood. 121 (4), 707-715 (2013).</li><li>Jia, D., Huang, L., Bischoff, J., Moses, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+endogenous+zinc+finger+transcription+factor,+ZNF24,+modulates+the+angiogenic+potential+of+human+microvascular+endothelial+cells.">The endogenous zinc finger transcription factor, ZNF24, modulates the angiogenic potential of human microvascular endothelial cells.</a> FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 29 (4), 1371-1382 (2015).</li><li>Almog, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prolonged+dormancy+of+human+liposarcoma+is+associated+with+impaired+tumor+angiogenesis.">Prolonged dormancy of human liposarcoma is associated with impaired tumor angiogenesis.</a> FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 20 (7), 947-949 (2006).</li><li>Almog, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Consensus+micro+RNAs+governing+the+switch+of+dormant+tumors+to+the+fast-growing+angiogenic+phenotype.">Consensus micro RNAs governing the switch of dormant tumors to the fast-growing angiogenic phenotype.</a> PloS One. 7 (8), e44001 (2012).</li><li>Satchi-Fainaro, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prospective+identification+of+glioblastoma+cells+generating+dormant+tumors.">Prospective identification of glioblastoma cells generating dormant tumors.</a> PloS One. 7 (9), e44395 (2012).</li><li>Almog, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+changes+induced+by+the+tumor+dormancy-associated+microRNA-190.">Transcriptional changes induced by the tumor dormancy-associated microRNA-190.</a> Transcription. 4 (4), 177-191 (2013).</li><li>Gao, D., Nolan, D. J., Mellick, A. S., Bambino, K., McDonnell, K., Mittal, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endothelial+progenitor+cells+control+the+angiogenic+switch+in+mouse+lung+metastasis.">Endothelial progenitor cells control the angiogenic switch in mouse lung metastasis.</a> Science. 319 (5860), 195-198 (2008).</li><li>Folkman, J., Watson, K., Ingber, D., Hanahan, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+angiogenesis+during+the+transition+from+hyperplasia+to+neoplasia.">Induction of angiogenesis during the transition from hyperplasia to neoplasia.</a> Nature. 339 (6219), 58-61 (1989).</li><li>Popescu, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Quantitative phase imaging of cells and tissues. , (2011).</li><li>Lee, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+Phase+Imaging+Techniques+for+the+Study+of+Cell+Pathophysiology:+From+Principles+to+Applications.">Quantitative Phase Imaging Techniques for the Study of Cell Pathophysiology: From Principles to Applications.</a> Sensors. 13 (4), 4170-4191 (2013).</li><li>Mir, M., Bhaduri, B., Wang, R., Zhu, R., Popescu, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+Phase+Imaging.">Quantitative Phase Imaging.</a> Progress in Optics. 57, 133-217 (2012).</li><li>Marrison, J., R&#228;ty, L., Marriott, P., O'Toole, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ptychography--a+label+free,+high-contrast+imaging+technique+for+live+cells+using+quantitative+phase+information.">Ptychography--a label free, high-contrast imaging technique for live cells using quantitative phase information.</a> Scientific Reports. 3, 2369 (2013).</li><li>Falck Miniotis, M., Mukwaya, A., Gj&#246;rloff Wingren, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Digital+holographic+microscopy+for+non-invasive+monitoring+of+cell+cycle+arrest+in+L929+cells.">Digital holographic microscopy for non-invasive monitoring of cell cycle arrest in L929 cells.</a> PloS One. 9 (9), e106546 (2014).</li><li>Popescu, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+imaging+of+cell+mass+and+growth+dynamics.">Optical imaging of cell mass and growth dynamics.</a> AJP: Cell Physiology. 295 (2), C538-C544 (2008).</li><li>Guo, P., Huang, J., Moses, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+dormant+and+active+human+cancer+cells+by+quantitative+phase+imaging.">Characterization of dormant and active human cancer cells by quantitative phase imaging.</a> Cytometry. Part A: The Journal of the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry. 91 (5), 424-432 (2017).</li><li>Mir, M., Bergamaschi, A., Katzenellenbogen, B. 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I denna studie beskriver vi en in vitro-, icke-invasiv, och etikett-fri metod med QPI att kvantitativt karakterisera de angiogena och icke-angiogena fenotyperna av mänskliga osteosarkom celler. Flera cellulära parametrar har analyserats samtidigt av denna integrerade, hög genomströmning metod, inklusive cellområde, cell tjocklek, cellvolym, spridning takt, fördubbling tid, migration direkthet, motilitet hastighet, migration och motilitet.
Jämfört med de konventionella analyser...

En av de tidigaste kontrollpunkterna i utvecklingen och utvecklingen av en solid tumör är förvärvet av angiogena fenotypen, ett kännetecken för cancer. Denna utveckling innebär en mängd olika biokemiska och molekylära processer1,2,3. En teknisk utmaning i studien av detta viktiga steg i tumör progression är bristen på verktyg för att kontinuerligt och kvantitativt karakterisera och skilja mellan angiogena och icke-angiogena fenotyper av levande cancerceller på ett opartiskt sätt. De traditionella analyser som används för att undersöka cellulära beteenden av angiogena och icke-angiogena celler brukar kräva dyra reagens och instrument, till exempel cell spridning/migration analyser4,5, 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 eller kompletterande in-vivo utvärderingar4,5,6,8,15,16, samt som kräver betydande expertis och intensiv tid och labor konsumtion.
Nyligen, kvantitativa fas imaging (QPI) har vuxit fram som en ny teknik som möjliggör time-lapse och märkning-fri bedömning av en mängd cell morfologi och beteende parametrar17,18,19, 20 , 21 , 22. till skillnad från konventionella optisk mikroskopi, kvantifierar QPI varianter av fasförskjutning pixel för pixel när ljus passerar genom ett optiskt objekt och rekonstruerar ett holografiskt med konverterade optisk tjocklek och volym, vilket gör det möjligt att direkt analys av levande celler och följande funktioner: (1) kvantitativa imaging, (2) icke-invasiv och time-lapse imaging, (3) etikett-fri imaging och (4) samtidiga multi-parameter imaging. Dessa funktioner gör QPI ett kraftfullt verktyg för att bedöma och förstå patologiska processer på cellulär nivå.
I en färsk studie, utnyttjade vi QPI för att kvantitativt karakterisera och skilja mellan angiogena KHOS-A och icke-angiogena KHOS-N fenotyper av mänskliga osteosarkom celler i en systematisk och kvantitativa sätt att kombinera analyser av cellmorfologi, spridning och motilitet23. Med bild analys programvara, en panel av cell morfologiska och beteende jämfördes kvantitativt parametrar mellan angiogena och icke-angiogena mänskliga osteosarkom celler och fem karakteristiska skillnader identifierades mellan dessa två fenotyper. Detta nya tillvägagångssätt ger en integrerad och kvantitativa plattform för att bedöma en mängd biologiskt relevanta cellulära egenskaper.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="908">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:34px;width:227px;">T75 flask</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Corning, NY, USA</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">353136</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:34px;width:227px;">6-well plates&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Corning, NY, USA</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">3506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:227px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s modified Eagle medium (DMEM)</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">11965092</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:34px;width:227px;">Fetal bovine serum (FBS)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Atlanta Biologicals, GA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">S11550</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:34px;width:227px;">Penicillin Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">15140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:34px;width:227px;">Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">10010023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:34px;width:227px;">Beckman Z1 Coulter counter</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Beckman Coulter, IN, USA</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Z1&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:227px;">HoloMonitor M4</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Phase Holographic Imaging Phi AB, Lund, Sweden</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">M4</td>
			<td>Microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:227px;">Hololid</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Phase Holographic Imaging Phi AB, Lund, Sweden</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">PHI 8020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:227px;">HStudioM4</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Phase Holographic Imaging Phi AB, Lund, Sweden</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">HStudioM4</td>
			<td>Software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a time-lapse, label-free, quantitative phase imaging study of dormant and active human cancer cells

Förvärvet av angiogena fenotypen är en viktig komponent i flykten från tumör dvala. Även om flera klassiska in vitro- analyser (t.ex., spridning, migration och andra) och i vivo modeller har utvecklats för att utreda och karakterisera angiogena och icke-angiogena cell fenotyper, är dessa metoder tid och labor intensiv, och ofta kräver dyra reagens och instrument, samt betydande expertis. I en färsk studie använde vi en roman kvantitativa fas bildteknik (QPI) för att genomföra time-lapse och märkning-gratis karakteriseringar av angiogena och icke-angiogena mänskliga osteosarkom KHOS celler. En panel av cellulära parametrar, inklusive cellmorfologi, spridning och motilitet, mättes kvantitativt och analyseras med QPI. Denna roman och kvantitativ metod ger möjlighet att kontinuerligt och icke-invasivt studera relevanta cellulära processer, beteenden och egenskaper hos cancerceller och andra celltyper i ett enkelt och integrerat sätt. Rapporten beskriver vår experimentella protokoll, inklusive cell förberedelse, QPI anskaffning och dataanalys.

Figur 1 visar en typisk cell morfologi karakterisering. Bilder presenteras som holographs (figur 1A-B) och 2D-bilder (figur 1 c-D). Optisk cell tjocklekar (beräknat från brytningsindex och optiska ljuspassagelängden) kvantifieras via line profil eller en hel cell mätning. Scatter tomter i området och tjocklek av KHOS-A och KHOS-N celler mätt för en hel cell va...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Time-lapse, Label-free, Quantitative Phase Imaging Study of Dormant and Active Human Cancer Cells at JoVE.com

A Time-lapse, Label-free, Quantitative Phase Imaging Study of Dormant and Active Human Cancer Cells

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