Name: an optimized evans blue protocol to assess vascular leak in the mouse
Uploaded: 2018-09-12T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Optimized Evans Blue Protocol to Assess Vascular Leak in the Mouse at JoVE.com

作者希望感谢安迪 Poczobutt 和 Jori 博士 Leszczynski 对这份手稿的宝贵帮助和编辑。 得到国家心脏、肺和血液研究所 (NHLBI RO1 HL078929、HL014985 和 RO3 HL095439) 和退伍军人事务部 (成绩审查) 提供的赠款的支持。

在本手稿中所述实验中遵循了所有适用的国际、国家和 (或) 机构指南, 以照顾和使用动物 (小鼠)。
该方法使用 FVBN 成年小鼠, 年龄 16-20 周, 发现是最佳的目的, 本研究。1天包括步骤 1-5 和天2包括步骤 6-7 (图 1)。
1. 设备准备
<ol><li>如果使用氯胺酮/甲苯噻嗪作为麻醉药 (如建议的那样), 请确保有充足的无菌、一次性注射器和针头供应?...

<ol>
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如上文所述, 研究血浆渗出可能最终导致新的知识的原因或新的方法来抑制或治疗血浆渗出。在目前的手稿中, 使用了埃文斯蓝染料, 成功地使用了等离子渗出协议。虽然这些数据显示了一个假设, 即新经济可以保护血管对等离子渗出, 这是一个次要目标, 目前, 主要目标是提出一个优化的协议, 可以很容易地使用在平均实验室为血浆渗出的未来研究。本文所报告的协议的重点是适应未来的研究与不同...

器官中的血管泄漏是指在器官中毛细血管静脉内皮的间隙产生的渗出或血浆渗漏。这种血浆渗出或增加的血管通透性, 可能产生的某种类型的炎症反应, 可能会有严重的后果。因此, 重要的是, 这一现象, 其原因, 调制器和后果, 被研究和理解, 同样, 调查人员有良好的工具和协议, 以研究他们。内皮间隙可以通过一些刺激产生, 但通常是由肽神经递质和/或 tachykinins 在内皮的作用产生的。这一过程的主要自然发生的调解人之一, 导致增加血浆渗出, 是 undecapeptide 速激肽神经肽, 物质 P1。
利用埃文斯蓝染料的白蛋白结合特性研究和测量血管通透性或血浆渗出的方法已经开发出来, 通常以其准确性、简单性、经济性、安全性以及允许从多个组织一次测定血浆渗出量, 如果需要2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.这个埃文斯蓝色的协议, 以评估血浆渗出在 FVBN 小鼠的器官使用所有这些, 但增加了一些重要的修改, 使它一般有用和适应未来的研究, 涉及的平均实验室, 进行或将对与血浆渗出或血管通透性相关的因素进行重要研究。本协议将 P 物质引入到 1 nmol/千克的小鼠体内, 使血浆的渗出性增强1.5 倍。这增加了协议的灵敏度, 从而导致更容易观察和获得的结果。其他影响渗透性的因素, 如各种其他多肽、化学物质或某些形式的毒性损伤, 可根据需要由其他实验室使用或研究。本协议采用颈静脉注入法, 对埃文斯蓝和 P 物质进行系统的介绍, 需要进行末端手术。然而, 颈静脉注射5,7,10, 即使在考虑必要的终端手术技术, 更容易掌握和导致生产更一致的结果比其他静脉注射, 包括尾静脉注射4,9。虽然埃文斯蓝可能是由复古眶静脉窦注射提供, 但文献中没有发现使用这种方法的埃文斯蓝色。然而, 对于尾静脉注射, 重现性掌握这种技术的高度专业知识和实践, 大大限制了它的使用成功的埃文斯蓝色注射。相比之下, 我们的协议中所描述的选择性颈静脉注射方法, 提供了一个技术上可获得的解决方案。一个关键的程序, 以灌注鼠标的静脉, 执行后, 在牺牲的埃文斯蓝色灌注鼠标, 删除过剩的埃文斯蓝色染料, 并已在本协议标准化。先前描述的灌注方法已经过仔细检查和修改, 以获得目前的程序。此处描述的其他修改都是优化的、直接的和廉价的。
埃文斯蓝染料的方法存在一些重要的局限性。例如, 低灵敏度有时与此方法可能会阻止一些额外的病理和组织学检查的组织从埃文斯蓝注射动物。然而, 这些和其他限制导致了其他方法和模型的发展, 然而, 仍然使用埃文斯蓝色。用荧光 (而不是视觉范围) 光谱法测量埃文斯蓝可以提高方法的灵敏度。此外, 还开发了埃文斯蓝染色组织的荧光显微术, 以便观察更明显的部位11的血管渗漏。此外, 全身成像和扫描的活动物以前注射埃文斯蓝12允许调查埃文斯蓝浓度的持续方式, 而不是在一个特定的时间点的实验。然而, 这种方法需要适当的成像设施, 可能是非常昂贵的。对埃文斯蓝进行的修改, 并在体外模型中进行, 如在细胞培养或小鸡胚模型13 (CAM) 也被描述。这些模型由荧光和活体14显微镜监测, 并允许定量的血管通透性变化随着时间的推移, 但可能会提出问题,在体内条件的准确建模, 也可能是昂贵。
有其他方法来确定和量化血管渗漏或渗透性, 这并不涉及埃文斯蓝的管理。这些方法可能使用适当的荧光分子 (如白蛋白或荧光素), 或 isotopically 标记或其他标记的分子, 对活动物 (或细胞培养或胚 (CAM) 模型13, 其次是无创影像学 (PET 扫描, MRI, 活体显微镜, 全身扫描) 或侵入性成像 (荧光显微镜)3,12,15。虽然这些技术可能比其他埃文斯蓝色方法提供一些优势, 但它们也有缺点, 其中可能包括其相当复杂、必要的专门知识、资源和高昂的货币成本。
Neprilysin16 (酶酶, 也称为 CD10, 夫人, 或 Enkephalinase) 已被建议参与抑制血浆渗出, 至少部分, 通过酶代谢和失活的内源性物质 P。因此, 在细胞表面酶的组织中, P 物质的作用可能会有衰减, 大概是酶活性的影响。
最初, 我们用这种改良的埃文斯蓝协议对 P 诱导的血浆渗出进行了试验, FVBN 野生型 (小波) 和抗结蛋白 (KO) 小鼠。从这些初步研究中推测, 在 P 增强血浆渗出物中的抗结蛋白参与, 我们描述了这些和进一步的实验, 其中涉及新经济在血浆渗出的作用。然而, 这篇手稿的重点不是在血浆渗出, 而是血浆渗出实验本身的作用。文中的结果代表了通过使用此修改后的协议可以获得的结果类型。埃文斯蓝法测量血浆渗出已被优化和修改, 如下面详细描述 FVBN 小鼠。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:687px;" width="686">
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		<col />
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	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Vet One</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">200-070</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">inhaled anesthetic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ketamine</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Vet One</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">200-055</td>
			<td>injectable anesthetic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">xylazine</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Lloyd Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">139-236</td>
			<td>injectable anesthetic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">syringes (10,3 &#38; 1 cc)</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">309604, 309657, 309659</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">needles (20G1,23G1 &#38; 26G1/2)</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">305178, 305193, 305111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">isoflurane induction chamber</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">VetEquip</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">941443</td>
			<td>1 Liter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">nosecone breathing circuits&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">VetEquip</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RC2</td>
			<td>Rodent Circuit Controller 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">oxygen tank</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Airgas</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">UN 1072</td>
			<td>100% medical</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">heating pad</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">CWE Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TC-1000</td>
			<td>temperature controller</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">rectal temperature probe</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">CWE Inc.</td>
			<td>10-09012</td>
			<td>mouse</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">balance (for rodents)</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Ohaus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CS 2000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">surgical tools-scissors</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>15000-00</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">Vannas Spring scissors 3mm straight blade (cutting vessels)&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">surgical tools-forceps</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>11151-10</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">Graefe extra fine forceps (isolating mouse vessels)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">surgical tools-hemostats</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>13009-12</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">Halstead-mosquito hemostats (blunt dissect, hold tissue)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">surgical tools -suture drivers</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>12502-12</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">Olsen-Hegar suture drivers (suturing)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">surgical tools-forceps</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>11627-12</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">Adson-Brown alligator forceps (tissue grasping suturing, rat)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">surgical tools-scissors</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>14110-15</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">Mayo tough cut scissors 15 cm (surgery, dissection, bones, rat)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">surgical tools-forceps</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>18025-10</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">suture tying forceps (used for Millar cath)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">surgical tools-scissors</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>14078-10</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">Lexer Baby scissors straight (surgery, mouse)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">surgical tools-forceps</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>11254-20</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">Dumont #5 fine-tip forceps (rat vessels, dissection)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">surgical tools-scissors</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>14082-09</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">Dissector scissors 12 mm (surgery, rat mouse)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">surgical tools-forceps</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>11051-10</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">10 cm Graefe forceps (tissue grasping, rat mouse)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">surgical tools-forceps</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>11251-35</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">Dumont 5/45 forceps (introducer for vessels)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">surgical tools-retractors</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>17012-11</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">Weitlaner retractors 2/3 tooth (rat surgical)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">surgical tools-forceps</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>11294-00</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">Dumont #4 forceps (vessel isolation rats, mice)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">surgical tools-forceps</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>11297-00</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">Dumont #7 forceps (tissue grasping, dissection)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">surgical tools-scissors</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>14058-11</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">tough cut iris scissors (mouse dissection, bones)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">surgical tools-forceps</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>11009-13</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">serrated, curved Semken forceps (tissue grasping, mouse rat)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">surgical tools-hemostats</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>13003-10</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">Hartman curved hemostats (blunt dissect, hold tissue)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">surgical tools-forceps</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fine Science tools</td>
			<td>11006-12</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">Adson serrated forceps (tissue grasping)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">clippers</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Oster</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">tape</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fisherbrand</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">159015G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">artificial tear ointment</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Akorn Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13985-600-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">lidocaine</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Hospira</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">0409-4277-01</td>
			<td>2% injectable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">polyvinyl catheters</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Tygon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PV-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Evans blue</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E2129</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Substance P</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Bachem&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H-1890</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">heparin</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sagent Pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25201-400-10</td>
			<td>1000 U/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">saline solution</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Hospira</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">0409-7138-09</td>
			<td>0.9% sodium chloride</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">phenobarbital&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Vortech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">0298-9373-68</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">sodium citrate</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP327-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">PBS</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P4417-50TAB&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Kimwipes for blotting</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">06-666A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">formamide</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">47670</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">microbalance</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Denver Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">APX-60</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">microfuge tubes</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">07-200-534</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">polystyrene 96 well plate</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Becton Dickenson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">351172</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">absorbance plate reader</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">BioTek</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Synergy 2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">polyacrylamide gels</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>3450014&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">protein molecular weight standard</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1610374</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Protran supported nitrocellulose</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Amersham (GE)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10600015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">gel box</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1658005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Tris</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP152-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Tween20</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P-1379</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">sodium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S271-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">primary NEP polyclonal antibody&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">R &#38; D Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AF1182</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">doxycycline chow</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Teklad (HARLAN)</td>
			<td>TD.130750&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">FVB/NJ wild type mice</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Jackson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">001800</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">secondary antibody (goat anti-rabbit)</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">ZyMed</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">81-6120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">ECL solution-Western Lightening Plus</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">PerkinElmer</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NEL104001EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">film</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Pierce</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">34091</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an optimized evans blue protocol to assess vascular leak in the mouse

血管渗漏, 或血浆渗出, 有许多原因, 可能是一个严重的后果或炎症反应的症状。这项研究最终可能导致新的知识, 关于抑制或治疗血浆渗出的原因或新方法。重要的是, 研究人员有适当的工具, 包括最好的方法, 以研究血浆渗出。在本文中, 我们描述了一个协议, 使用埃文斯蓝色染料方法, 以评估血浆渗出的器官 FVBN 小鼠。该协议是故意简单, 尽可能大的程度, 但提供高质量的数据。埃文斯蓝染料的选择主要是因为它是容易的平均实验室使用。我们使用这个协议提供证据和支持的假说, 即酶 neprilysin 可能保护血管, 以防止血浆渗出。然而, 本议定书可在实验上使用, 并易于适应于其他品系的老鼠或其他物种, 在许多不同的器官或组织, 研究可能涉及其他因素, 在理解, 预防或治疗血浆渗出。该协议已从现有的协议中得到了广泛的优化和修改, 并结合了可靠性、易用性、经济性和材料和设备的一般实用性, 使该协议优于一般实验室用于从器官中定量血浆渗出。

在图 1中, 显示了该过程的示意图, 发现这会导致 FVBN 小鼠器官中最可靠和最一致的 P 物质诱导的血浆渗出值。这一过程通常需要两天的时间, 至少48小时的等待。如果对所有的实验进行比较, 这是可能的, 更广泛地传播出来。例如, 在1天隔离器官后, 这些器官可以在液氮中闪光冷冻, 储存在-80 摄氏度;在仔细地解冻器官 (在几天到1星期之内), 他们可以被?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Optimized Evans Blue Protocol to Assess Vascular Leak in the Mouse at JoVE.com

An Optimized Evans Blue Protocol to Assess Vascular Leak in the Mouse

本文描述了一种经济的、优化的、简单的协议, 它使用埃文斯蓝色染料方法来评估 FVBN 小鼠器官中的血浆渗出物, 这些细胞可以适应其他菌株、物种和其他器官或组织的使用。

一种优化的埃文斯蓝协议对小鼠血管泄漏的评估

Vascular leak, or plasma extravasation, has a number of causes, and may be a serious consequence or symptom of an inflammatory response. This study may ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Using Quantitative Real-time PCR to Determine Donor Cell Engraftment in a Competitive Murine Bone Marrow Transplantation Model

采用实时定量PCR检测供体细胞植入一个具有竞争力的小鼠骨髓移植模型

Murine bone marrow transplantation models provide an important tool in measuring hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions and determining genes/molecules ...

科研

医学

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula

在的鼠标Aortocaval瘘的技术方面

Technical aspects of creating an arteriovenous fistula in the mouse are discussed. Under general anesthesia, an abdominal incision is made, and the aorta ...

Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Diaphragm Function

小鼠膈肌功能诊断超声成像

Function analysis of rodent respiratory skeletal muscles, particularly the diaphragm, is commonly performed by isolating muscle strips using invasive ...

Implantation of Fibrin Gel on Mouse Lung to Study Lung-specific Angiogenesis

纤维蛋白胶对小鼠肺移植研究肺特异性血管生成

Recent significant advances in stem cell research and bioengineering techniques have made great progress in utilizing biomaterials to regenerate and ...

Intraluminal Drug Delivery to the Mouse Arteriovenous Fistula Endothelium

腔内药物输送到鼠标动静脉瘘内皮

Delivery of therapeutic agents to enhance arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation can be administered either via intraluminal or external routes. The ...

Using the Sleeve Technique in a Mouse Model of Aortic Transplantation - An Instructional Video

套筒技术在主动脉移植小鼠模型中的应用-教学视频

Orthotopic aortic transplantation using the sleeve technique reduces injury to the aorta with failure rate of only 10-20%. The time to anastomose the ...

Intravital Microscopy and Thrombus Induction in the Earlobe of a Hairless Mouse

活体显微镜及血栓诱导在无毛小鼠的耳垂

Thrombotic complications of vascular diseases are one leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrial nations. Due to the complex interactions ...

An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers

An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition HI Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers

一种优化的血凝抑制 (HI) 测定流感特异抗体滴

Antibody titers are commonly used as surrogate markers for serological protection against influenza and other pathogens. Detailed knowledge of antibody ...

Optimized Griess Reaction for UV-Vis and Naked-eye Determination of Anti-malarial Primaquine

抗疟药的紫外线-Vis和裸眼测定优化的格里斯反应

Primaquine (PMQ), an important anti-malarial drug, has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of life-threatening ...