Name: extraction of hemocytes from drosophila melanogaster larvae for microbial infection and analysis
Uploaded: 2018-05-24T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Extraction of Hemocytes from Drosophila melanogaster Larvae for Microbial Infection and Analysis at JoVE.com

우리는 표현 하는 mCherry Coxiella burnetii의 주식을 제공 하기 위한 박사 로버트 Heinzen에 감사입니다. 우리는 비행 주식 제공 무척 추 동물 무지개 빛깔 바이러스 6 및 블루밍턴 재고 센터 제공을 위한 닥터 루이스 테 세이 라 감사 합니다. 이 프로젝트는 NIH 부여 R00 AI106963 (A.G.G.)와 워싱턴 주립 대학에 의해 부분적으로 투자 되었다.

1. 감염 비보 전
<ol><li>매체 및 장비<ol>
<li>무 균 조건 하에서 준비 신선한 초파리 Hemocyte 분리 매체 (작성자) 75% 슈나이더의 초파리 를 포함 보통 25%로 태아 둔감 한 혈 청 (FBS)와 필터 살 균 그것.</li>
		<li>레이어는 stereomicroscope에서 10 cm x 10 cm 파라핀 영화의 2-3 조각.</li>
		<li>유리 모 세관을 준비 합니다. 최대의 55%를 모 세관 끌어당기는 히터를 설정 합니다. 약 10 µ m의 날카로운...

<ol>
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잘 이해 하려면 어떻게 호스트 세포 감염 될, 이전 안 된 병원 체와 세포 유형 조합4에 실험 하는 경우에 특히 셀, 병원 체의 지역화를 명확 하 게 중요 하다. 동안 감염에 따라 세포질 응답 캐스케이드 공부 생산 병원 체 침입을 나타낼 수 있습니다, 이미징 및 세포 응답 데이터의 조합 병원 체 침입 및 감염을 필수적 이다. 호스트 세포에 병원 체의 2 차원 이미지를 보여 주는 보고?...

초파리 melanogaster 타고 난 면제1의 연구에 대 한 기초가 튼튼한 모델 생물 이다. 타고 난 면역 반응 동안 hemocytes 병원 체 도전 하 응답에서 중요 한 역할을 재생합니다. Hemocytes는 캡슐화 기생충, 곰 팡이, 바이러스, 그리고 세균성 감염2,3중 phagocytic 행동을 통해 병원 체 퇴치에 중요 한 기능을가지고 위한 중요 합니다.
최고의 호스트의 병원 성 미생물 감염에 타고 난 면역 반응 이해, 그것은 병원 체 감염 시 호스트 셀을 침공 하는 방법을 시각화 하는 것이 중요. 이 시각화의 메커니즘의 이해에 기여 한다. 병원 체 세포내 지역화의 세부 사항 및 세포질 응답, 이러한 데이터는 감염 하는 미생물이 작용 하는 세포 세포 호스트 응답에 대 한 단서를 제공할 수 있습니다. 따라서, 영상 현미경 검사 법에 의해 후 3D 모델 재구성 호스트 세포에 병원 균의 정확한 위치를 확인 하려면 유용할 수 있습니다. 이 연구에서 우리는 Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii), Q 열, 기본 초파리 hemocytes에 둘 다 인간과 동물 건강에 심각한 위협이 포즈 동물 매개 질병의 원인이 되는 대리인의 침공 시각. 최근에, 그것은 초파리 는 Biosafety 수준 2 9 마일 단계 II (NMII) 복제 4 C. burnetii 의 긴장과이 긴장은 초파리4를 복제할 수는 를 나타내는에 취약 입증 되었다 초파리 C. burnetii 병 인을 공부 하는 모델 생물으로 사용할 수 있습니다.
이전 연구는 호스트의 타고 난 면역 반응 검사를 hemocytes를 사용 했습니다. Hemocytes 형태학 관찰5,,67, 형태학 분석2,8, 먹어서 분석2,3, qRT-PCR2 사용 되었습니다. , 9, immunoprecipitation10,11, immunofluorescent 분석10,12, immunostaining13, immunoblotting3,10, 11 및 immunohistochemistry9,14. 초파리 S2 세포, 다양 한 생체 외에서 실험에 사용할 수도 있지만 immortalization 및 잠재적인 기존의 바이러스 감염 그들의 행동15,16변경. S2 세포 같은 불멸 하 게 셀 라인, 반대로 1 차 셀의 사용 수 있습니다 타고 난 면역 기능 연구에 대 한 시스템에서 전체 유기 체의 더 대표. 또한, hemocytes에서 vivo에서, 추출, 이전 감염 다른 호스트 단백질 및 조직, 비보 전 감염 전에 hemocytes의 추출에 비해 우위를 셀 수 있습니다. 다른 방법의 수는 hemocytes 살아8,17,,1819계속 시간의 짧은 기간에 hemocytes의 충분 한 수를 이용 되어 있다.
이 연구에서는 hemocytes C. burnetii, Listeria monocytogenes (Listeria), 또는 무척추동물 무지개 빛깔의 병원 성 미생물 감염에 대 한 초파리 3rd 탈피 애벌레에서 추출 하는 방법 소개 6 (IIV6) 바이러스입니다. Vivo에서 및 비보 전 hemocyte 감염에 대 한 방법을 설명합니다. Vivo에서-와 ex vivo-감염된 hemocytes confocal 현미경 검사 법으로 구상 되었고 C. burnetii 의 3D 모델을 구축 하는 데 사용. 또한, 프로토콜을 사용 하는 추출, ex vivo-감염된 hemocytes 유전자와 단백질 식에 사용 된 분석 실험. 특히, IIV6 및 Listeria감염의 정도 검사, 총 RNA 또는 단백질 했다 격리 qRT-PCR 또는 서쪽 오 점 분석에 대 한 셀에서. 함께 찍은, 프로토콜 빠르게 3rd 탈피 애벌레와 기본 hemocytes, vivo에서 또는 전 비보감염 증거에서 hemocytes의 높은 숫자를 수집 하는 메서드를 제공 합니다에 대 한 적합 한 플랫폼 미생물 병원 체 감염 연구 그리고 현미경 검사 법, transcriptomics, proteomics 등 해당 다운스트림 분석.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:1128px;" width="1125">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:303px;">Schneider&#39;s Drosophila Medium&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific (Gibco)</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">21720024</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">1.1.1), 2.1.2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">GE Healthcare Life Sciences&#160; (HyClone)</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">SH30070.03HI</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">1.1.1), 2.1.2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Filter (0.22 &#181;L)</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">RESTEK</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">26158</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">1.1.1)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Strainer (100 &#181;m)</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Greiner bio-one</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">542000</td>
			<td>1.2.1), 2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Stereo microscope</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Amscope</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">SM-1BSZ-L6W</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">1.2), 2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Glass capillary</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">21-171-4</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">1.1), 1.2), 2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:303px;">Capillary puller</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Narishige International USA, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">PC-10</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">1.1.3)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Mineral oil</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Snow River Products</td>
			<td style="width:145px;"></td>
			<td style="width:179px;">1.1.4)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Nanoinjector</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Drummond Scientific Company</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">3-000-204</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">1.1), 1.2), 2.2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">82027-402</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">1.1.5), 1.2), 2), 3.1.7)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:303px;">CO2 delivery apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">59-122BC</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">1.2), 2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:303px;">Trypan Blue</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific (Gibco)</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">15250061</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">1.3)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Hemocytometer</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Hausser Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">3100</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">1.3)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">24 well plate</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Greiner bio-one</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">662160</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">1.4), 2.2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Coxiella burnetii - mCherry</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Dr. Heinzen, R.</td>
			<td style="width:145px;"></td>
			<td style="width:179px;">1.4), 2.2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:303px;">Drosophila fruit juice plates</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Cold Spring Harbor Protocols</td>
			<td style="width:145px;"></td>
			<td>2.1) http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2007/9/pdb.rec11113.full</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:303px;">Agar</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Fisher Bioreagents</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">BP1423-500</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">2.1.1.1)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:303px;">Methyl paraben</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Amresco</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">0572-500G</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">2.1.1.2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:303px;">Absolute ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Fisher Bioreagents</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">BP2818-500</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">2.1.1.2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:303px;">Welch&#39;s 100% Grape juice frozen concentrate, 340 mL</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Amazon</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">B0025UJVGM</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">2.1.1.3)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:303px;">Petri dishes, 10 x 35 mm</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">08-757-100A</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">2.1.1.4)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Microscope cover glass</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">12-545-80</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">1.4.4), 2.2.2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:303px;">Yeast, Bakers Dried Active</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">MP Biomedicals</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">0210140001</td>
			<td>2.1) Add 2 parts of water to 1 part of yeast (v/v)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Tungsten needle</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">10130-20</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">2.1)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Holding forceps</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">HS8313</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">2.1)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">FLO4042-500</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">3.1.3)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">BP151-500</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">3.1.3)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">BP9706-100</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">3.1.3)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:303px;">4&#39;,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">62247</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">3.1.4)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:303px;">Antifade mounting medium</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">P36930</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">3.1.6)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="132">
			<td height="132" style="height:132px;width:303px;">Confocal microsope</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">TCS SP8-X White Light Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">3.2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="103">
			<td height="103" style="height:103px;width:303px;">3D imaging reconstruction software</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">LASX with 3D visualization module</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">3.3)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Microscope slides</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">12-552-3</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">3.1.6)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="81">
			<td height="81" style="height:81px;width:303px;">Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (IIV6)</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Dr. Teixeria, L.</td>
			<td style="width:145px;"></td>
			<td>4) PLoS Biol, 6 (12), 2753-2763, doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000002, (2008)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="141">
			<td height="141" style="height:141px;width:303px;">Listeria monocytogenes</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">strain: 10403S</td>
			<td>4) Listeria monocytogenes strain 10403S (Bishop and Hinrichs, 1987) was grown in Difco Brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth (BD Biosciences) containing 50 &#181;g/ml streptomycin at 30 &#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:303px;">DNase I</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific(Invitrogen)</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">18068015</td>
			<td>gDNA degradation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">cDNA Synthesis Kit</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">1708891</td>
			<td>cDNA synthesis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:303px;">IIV6_193R_F</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">IDT</td>
			<td style="width:145px;"></td>
			<td>qRT-PCR, 5&#39;- TCT TGT TTT CAG AAC CCC ATT -3&#39;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:303px;">IIV6_193R_R</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">IDT</td>
			<td style="width:145px;"></td>
			<td>qRT-PCR, 5&#39;- CAC GAA GAA TGA CCA CAA GG -3&#39;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:303px;">RpII_qRTPCR_fwd</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">SIGMA-ALDRICH</td>
			<td style="width:145px;"></td>
			<td>qRT-PCR, 5&#39;- GAA GCG TTT CTC CAA ACG -AG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:303px;">RpII_qRTPCR_rev</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">SIGMA-ALDRICH</td>
			<td style="width:145px;"></td>
			<td>qRT-PCR, 5&#39;- TTG AGC GTA AGC ATC ACC -TG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">SYBR Green qRT-PCR reagent</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">K0251, K0252, K0253</td>
			<td>qRT-PCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:303px;">Real-Time PCR System</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">4351107, 7500 Software v2.0</td>
			<td>qRT-PCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Anti-Listeria monocytogenes antibody</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">abcam</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">ab35132</td>
			<td>Western blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Anti-Actin antibody produced in rabbit</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">SIGMA-ALDRICH</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">A2066</td>
			<td>Western blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L), HRP Conjugate</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Promega</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">W4011</td>
			<td>Western blot</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

extraction of hemocytes from drosophila melanogaster larvae for microbial infection and analysis

초파리 melanogaster 의 병원 성 감염 시 hemocytes 감염을 통해 면역 반응에 중요 한 역할을 재생합니다. 따라서,이 프로토콜의 목표, 즉 hemocytes의 특정 면역에 병원 체 침입을 시각화 하는 방법을 개발 하는 것입니다. 여기, 3 × 10에 제시 된 방법을 사용 하 여6 라이브 hemocytes ex vivo 감염에 대 일 분에서 200 초파리 3rd 탈피 애벌레에서 얻을 수 있습니다. 또는, hemocytes는 감염 된 vivo에서 구명 hemocyte 추출에 의해 감염 된 후 24 시간에 3rd 탈피 애벌레의 주사를 통해 하실 수 있습니다. 이러한 감염된 1 차 셀 고정, 스테인드, 고 confocal 현미경 검사 법을 사용 하 여 몇 군데. 그럼, 3D 표현 병원 체 침입을 결정적으로 보여 이미지에서 생성 되었습니다. 또한, qRT-PCR에 대 한 높은-품질 RNA 병원 체 mRNA 다음의 탐지를 위해 얻어질 수 있다 감염, 그리고 충분 한 단백질 서쪽 오 점 분석에 대 한 이러한 셀에서 추출할 수 있습니다. 함께 찍은, 우리 병원 체 침입의 확실 한 조정 및 세균성과 바이러스 성 병원 체 종류와 hemocyte 추출 위한 효율적인 방법 초파리 에서 충분 한 라이브 hemocytes를 사용 하 여 감염의 확인 하는 방법 제시 vivo ex vivo에서 감염 실험의 애벌레

수집 3 × 10에 ex vivo 감염에 대 한 hemocytes 살고6 hemocytes 200 초파리 3rd 탈피 애벌레에서 추출 되었다. 우리의 방법 개발, 다양 한 다른 기술 시도 했다. 개별 애벌레 해 부까지 1.5 h 걸릴 것 이라고 하 고 ~ 8000 셀의 평균이 방법18, 대부분의 컬렉션의 끝에 의해 살아 있던을 사용 하 여 얻은 했다. 다음, 우리는 hemocytes를 포함 하는 h...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Extraction of Hemocytes from Drosophila melanogaster Larvae for Microbial Infection and Analysis at JoVE.com

Extraction of Hemocytes from Drosophila melanogaster Larvae for Microbial Infection and Analysis

이 메서드는 3 차원 (3D) 모델 곤충 세포로 병원 체 침입을 시각화 하는 방법을 보여 줍니다. 초파리 애벌레에서 hemocytes 바이러스 성 또는 세균성 병원 체, ex vivo 또는 vivo에서감염 되었습니다. 감염 된 hemocytes 다음 고정 되었고 confocal 현미경 및 후속 3D 셀룰러 재건 이미징 스테인드.

미생물 감염 및 분석에 대 한 초파리 melanogaster 애벌레에서 Hemocytes의 추출

During the pathogenic infection of Drosophila melanogaster, hemocytes play an important role in the immune response throughout the infection. Thus, the ...

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JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Extraction of Hemocytes from Drosophila melanogaster Larvae for Microbial Infection and Analysis

A Protocol for Collecting and Staining Hemocytes from the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti

A Protocol for Collecting and Staining Hemocytes from the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti

옐로 피버 모스키토에서 Hemocytes를 수집 및 스테 이닝을위한 프로토콜 Aedes aegypti</em

 Mosquitoes are vectors for a number  of disease-causing pathogens such as the yellow fever virus, malaria parasites  and filarial worms. Laboratories are ...

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This metagenome approach is used to identify plant viruses with circular DNA genomes and their transcripts. Often plant DNA viruses that occur in low ...

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바이러스 성 감염 및 초파리 Melanogaster 상호 작용 호스트-바이러스의 분석의 설립

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