Name: dried blood and serum spots as a useful tool for sample storage to evaluate cancer biomarkers
Uploaded: 2018-06-11T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dried Blood and Serum Spots As A Useful Tool for Sample Storage to Evaluate Cancer Biomarkers at JoVE.com

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外周血和血清被收集和储存的健康捐赠者和患者谁给予书面知情同意参与该项研究。该研究议定书是根据《1964赫尔辛基宣言》规定的道德标准, 由地方道德委员会批准的。
1. 星展集团的血液贮存
<ol><li>
采血样本收集
	<ol>
<li>收集3毫升的外周血样本在3毫升管与5.4 毫克乙二胺乙酸 (EDTA)。 注: 在8小时内尽快将外周血储存在 DBS 内。</li>
		<li>在保护卡的右下角写上...

<ol>
	<li>Bertagnolio, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HIV-1+drug+resistance+surveillance+using+dried+whole+blood+spots.">HIV-1 drug resistance surveillance using dried whole blood spots.</a> Antivir Ther. 12 (1), 107-113 (2007).</li><li>Mei, J. V., Alexander, J. R., Adam, B. W., Hannon, W. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+filter+paper+for+the+collection+and+analysis+of+human+whole+blood+specimens.">Use of filter paper for the collection and analysis of human whole blood specimens.</a> J Nutr. 131 (5), 1631S-1636S (2001).</li><li>Garrido, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Subtype+variability,+virological+response+and+drug+resistance+assessed+on+dried+blood+spots+collected+from+HIV+patients+on+antiretroviral+therapy+in+Angola.">Subtype variability, virological response and drug resistance assessed on dried blood spots collected from HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy in Angola.</a> J Antimicrob Chemoth. 61 (3), 694-698 (2008).</li><li>Steegen, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Feasibility+of+detecting+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+drug+resistance+in+DNA+extracted+from+whole+blood+or+dried+blood+spots.">Feasibility of detecting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance in DNA extracted from whole blood or dried blood spots.</a> J Clin Microbiol. 45 (10), 3342-3351 (2007).</li><li>Costenaro, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Viral+load+detection+using+dried+blood+spots+in+a+cohort+of+HIV-1-infected+children+in+Uganda:+correlations+with+clinical+and+immunological+criteria+for+treatment+failure.">Viral load detection using dried blood spots in a cohort of HIV-1-infected children in Uganda: correlations with clinical and immunological criteria for treatment failure.</a> J Clin Microbiol. 52 (7), 2665-2667 (2014).</li><li>Gong, Z. H., Tian, G. L., Huang, Q. W., Wang, Y. M., Xu, H. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduced+glutathione+and+glutathione+disulfide+in+the+blood+of+glucose-6-phosphate+dehydrogenase-deficient+newborns.">Reduced glutathione and glutathione disulfide in the blood of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient newborns.</a> BMC Pediatr. 20 (17), 172 (2017).</li><li>Lukacs, Z., Barr, M., Hamilton, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Best+practice+in+the+measurement+and+interpretation+of+lysosomal+acid+lipase+in+dried+blood+spots+using+the+inhibitor+Lalistat+2.">Best practice in the measurement and interpretation of lysosomal acid lipase in dried blood spots using the inhibitor Lalistat 2.</a> Clin Chim Acta. 471, 201-205 (2017).</li><li>Skogstrand, P. T., Bent, N. P., Schendel, D. E., S&#248;rensen, L. C., Hougaard, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+measurement+of+25+inflammatory+markers+and+neurotrophins+in+neonatal+dried+blood+spots+by+immunoassay+with+xMAP+technology.">Simultaneous measurement of 25 inflammatory markers and neurotrophins in neonatal dried blood spots by immunoassay with xMAP technology.</a> Clin Chem. 51 (10), 1854-1866 (2005).</li><li>Amadori, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vitamin+D+receptor+polymorphisms+or+serum+levels+as+key+drivers+of+breast+cancer+development?+The+question+of+the+vitamin+D+pathway.">Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms or serum levels as key drivers of breast cancer development? The question of the vitamin D pathway.</a> Oncotarget. 8 (8), 13142-13156 (2017).</li><li>Gupta, B. P., Jayasuryan, N., Jameel, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+detection+of+hepatitis+B+virus+from+dried+blood+spots+by+polymerase+chain+reaction+amplification.">Direct detection of hepatitis B virus from dried blood spots by polymerase chain reaction amplification.</a> J Clin Microbiol. 30 (8), 1913-1916 (1992).</li><li>Colson, K. E., Potter, A., Conde-Glez, C., Hernandez, B., R&#237;osZertuche, D., Z&#250;&#241;iga-Brenes, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+a+commercial+ELISA+for+the+detection+of+measles-specific+immunoglobulin+G+(IgG)+in+dried+blood+spots+collected+from+children+living+in+low-resource+settings.">Use of a commercial ELISA for the detection of measles-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in dried blood spots collected from children living in low-resource settings.</a> J Med Virol. 87 (9), 1491-1499 (2015).</li><li>Drabe, C. H., Blauenfeldt, T., Ruhwald, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ELISA-based+assay+for+IP-10+detection+from+filter+paper+samples.">ELISA-based assay for IP-10 detection from filter paper samples.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1172, 27-37 (2014).</li><li>St Julien, K. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+quality+genome-wide+genotyping+from+archived+dried+blood+spots+without+DNA+amplification.">High quality genome-wide genotyping from archived dried blood spots without DNA amplification.</a> PLoS One. 8 (5), e64710 (2013).</li><li>Shaner, R. L., Schulze, N. D., Seymour, C., Hamelin, E. I., Thomas, J. D., Johnson, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitation+of+fentanyl+analogs+in+dried+blood+spots+by+flow-through+desorption+coupled+to+online+solid+phase+extraction+tandem+mass+spectrometry.">Quantitation of fentanyl analogs in dried blood spots by flow-through desorption coupled to online solid phase extraction tandem mass spectrometry.</a> Anal Methods. 9, 3876-3883 (2017).</li></ol>

本议定书研究当实验室没有必要的工作人员或基础设施来正确处理血液样本时, 在滤纸上储存血液和血清的潜力。特别是, 在标准管或手指刺中收集的全血或血清可以用这种方法储存, 并且没有必要在血液收集后立即冷冻-20 摄氏度或-80 摄氏度的样品。星展/DSS 可以保持室温14天, 不改变血液/血清完整性。储存的一个关键问题是水分的存在, 影响生物材料的性能超过温度。使用干燥剂的塑料袋可以避?...

研究癌症生物标志物的主要目的是确定新的生物学参数, 用于诊断、预测患者预后, 以及确定患者是否会对特定治疗作出反应。这个研究领域是发现创新癌症治疗的基础, 并在量身定做的治疗中发挥关键作用。
在生物标志物鉴定和验证的每一个步骤中执行的程序必须是可靠和可重现的。翻译研究成功的基石是正确储存血液和血清等生物样本。这是获得高质量生物材料的第一步, 可用于进行分子生物学实验或蛋白质化验。
多中心的研究往往需要招募足够的病人, 以获得可靠的数据。并非所有的研究所都能将样品储存在-80 摄氏度, 或者将样品送到其他国际中心的干冰中。使用滤纸收集血液是一种简单的方法来储存血液和血清, 不需要立即冻结样本1,2。一滴血或血清可以被发现在纸上, 留到干燥过夜, 然后储存14天的室温1,2。这使得研究者们有时间把样品送到其他实验室。利用干血点 (DBS) 和干血清点 (DSS) 可以简化发达国家和发展中国家研究所之间的合作。
由于它的易用性, DBS 取样被广泛应用于几种血清学或遗传下游分析的化验。例如, 在过去, 星展集团经常被用于发展中国家的艾滋病毒筛查1、2、3、4、5。这种存储方法的另一个优点是可以从手指刺中收集血液样本, 从而使其用于新生儿筛查试验6、7、8。方便的样品处理和运输是 DBS 的进一步优势, 特别是在没有实验室设备的偏远地区收集的样品。在以前的出版物中, 我们使用 DBS 和 DSS 测试维生素 d 和维生素 d 结合蛋白 (DBP) 在一系列的白种人和非洲患者9。我们的非洲同事无法获得干冰。为了比较生物标记物对两个族群之间维生素 D 通路的差异, 我们进一步改进了在标准条件下和滤纸上储存的匹配样品的使用方法。在优化了星展/DSS 程序后, 我们能够分析两个患者血清中的 DBP 和维生素 D。我们还评估了一些单核苷酸多态性 (SNPs) 后, 从全血 DNA 提取的白种人和星展集团的非洲9。本议定书允许高质量的血液样本储存在室温下, 而不影响不同类型的下游分析, 从分子生物学到 ELISA 化验。建议用于管理多中心研究中的生物材料或没有标准贮存条件设施的中心。下面的协议代表了这些优化过程的顶点。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Whatman protein saver cards 903 Protein saver card, 100/pk&#8206;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Z761575</td>
			<td>Useful to store samples at room temperature for downstream analyses</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon Serological Pipettes, 5 mL</td>
			<td>Stem cell</td>
			<td>#38003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50-200 &#181;L tips</td>
			<td>Star-Lab</td>
			<td>S1120-8810</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5 mL centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>4036-3204</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>QIAamp DNA microkit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>56304</td>
			<td>This is a DNA extraction kit designed to isolate small quantities of DNA&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buffer ATL (included in QIAamp DNA microkit)</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This is reported as Lysis Buffer 1 in the text</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buffer AL (included in QIAamp DNA microkit)</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This is reported as Lysis Buffer 2 in the text</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>QIAamp mini elute column</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This is reported as column in the text</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AW1&#160; (included in QIAamp DNA microkit)</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This is reported as Wash Buffer 1 IN THE TEXT</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AW2&#160; (included in QIAamp DNA microkit)</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This is reported as Wash Buffer 2 in the text</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human Vitamin D BP Quantikine ELISA Kit</td>
			<td>R&#38;D systems</td>
			<td>DVDBP0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

dried blood and serum spots as a useful tool for sample storage to evaluate cancer biomarkers

血液样本质量是确保准确的下游分析, 如实时 PCR 或 ELISA 的关键。正确贮存生物材料是实现可重现性和可靠结果的出发点。所有样品的处理方式应与采集血液的方法相同。根据要执行的分析, 整个血液和血清样本应储存在-20 摄氏度或-80 °c, 直到使用。血液/血清标本也应 aliquoted, 以避免多种冻融。另一个重要的问题是从一个实验室装运到另一间化验室的样品条件。如果干冰不可用或装运时间超过几天, 则需要其他方法。一种选择是使用滤纸收集血液。在这里, 我们提出了血液和血清标本收集的方法, 利用干血点 (DBS) 和干血清点 (DSS)。我们开发了从 DBS 中提取 DNA 的程序, 用于对某些单核苷酸多态性 (SNPs) 进行实时 PCR 的下游评价。我们还优化了从 DSS 蛋白质洗脱开始的 ELISA 检测。该方法可与其他酶联免疫测定法或评估蛋白质的程序一起使用。

我们利用星展银行和 DSS 的程序, 在室温下储存血液和血清, 而不影响生物材料的质量。图 1显示了一个没有血液和血液收集后的蛋白卡保护程序的例子。为了确认滤纸的贮存和洗脱血液的过程不影响样品质量, 我们对标准贮存方法进行了比较。我们提取的 DNA 来自3匹配样本的全血收集的2毫升管或存储为 DBS, 如报告的协议部分。采用实时 PCR 技术对五个...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dried Blood and Serum Spots As A Useful Tool for Sample Storage to Evaluate Cancer Biomarkers at JoVE.com

Dried Blood and Serum Spots As A Useful Tool for Sample Storage to Evaluate Cancer Biomarkers

该协议描述了一种简单有效的方法, 用于存储外周血和血清/血浆, 用于下游分析, 如单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 评价和 ELISA 检测。

干血和血清斑点作为样品贮存的有用工具, 用于评估肿瘤生物标志物

Blood sample quality is crucial to ensure accurate downstream analyses such as real-time PCR or ELISA. Correct storage of biological materials is the ...

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