Name: an experimental model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rabbit: methodological considerations, development, and assessment
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Dette arbeidet ble støttet av Generalitat Valenciana (GV2015-062), Universitat de València (UV-INV-PRECOMP14-206372) til MZ, Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/037) og Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER midler (CIBERCV CB16/11/0486) til FJC.

Dyr omsorg og eksperimentelle protokollene som brukes i denne studien overholdt EUs direktiv 2010/63 om beskyttelse av dyr som brukes til vitenskaplige formål, og ble godkjent av dyr institusjon og bruk Committee (2015/VSC/ert/00049).
Merk: Protokollen består av kronisk administrasjonen av en høy fett, høy-sukrose diet for 28 uker og vurdering av hovedkomponentene i MetS. Vi brukte 11 voksne mannlige New Zealand hvit (NZW) kaniner veier 4.39 ± 0.14 (SD) kg, som var 20-22 uker gammel i beg...

<ol>
	<li>Cornier, M. A., Dabelea, D., Hernandez, T. L., Lindstrom, R. C., Steig, A. J., Stob, N. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+metabolic+syndrome.">The metabolic syndrome.</a> Endocr rev. 29 (7), 777-822 (2008).</li><li>. IDF Consensus Worldwide Definition of the Metabolic Syndrome Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.idf.org/e-library/consensus-statements.html">https://www.idf.org/e-library/consensus-statements.html</a> (2006)</li><li>Alberti, K. G., Eckel, R. H., Grundy, S. M., Zimmet, P. Z., Cleeman, J. I., Donato, K. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Harmonizing+the+metabolic+syndrome:+a+joint+interim+statement+of+the+International+Diabetes+Federation+Task+Force+on+Epidemiology+and+Prevention;+National+Heart,+Lung,+and+Blood+Institute;+American+Heart+Association;+World+Heart+Federation;+International+Atherosclerosis+Society;+and+International+Association+for+the+Study+of+Obesity.">Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity.</a> Circulation. 120 (16), 1640-1645 (2009).</li><li>Grundy, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pre-diabetes,+metabolic+syndrome,+and+cardiovascular+risk.">Pre-diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk.</a> JACC. 59 (7), 635-643 (2012).</li><li>Verkest, K. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Is+the+metabolic+syndrome+a+useful+clinical+concept+in+dogs?+A+review+of+the+evidence.">Is the metabolic syndrome a useful clinical concept in dogs? A review of the evidence.</a> Vet J. 199 (1), 24-30 (2014).</li><li>Zhang, X., Lerman, L. 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P., Cockrell, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypertension,+cardiac+hypertrophy,+and+neurohumoral+activity+in+a+new+animal+model+of+obesity.">Hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and neurohumoral activity in a new animal model of obesity.</a> Am J Physiol. 271 (1 Pt 2), H373-H378 (1996).</li><li>Grooth, G. J., Klerkx, A. H., Stroes, E. S., Stalenhoef, A. F., Kastelein, J. J., Kuivenhoven, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+CETP+and+its+relation+to+atherosclerosis.">A review of CETP and its relation to atherosclerosis.</a> J Lipid Res. 45 (11), 1967-1974 (2004).</li><li>Zarzoso, M., Mironov, S., Guerrero-Serna, G., Willis, B. C., Pandit, S. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ventricular+remodelling+in+rabbits+with+sustained+high-fat+diet.">Ventricular remodelling in rabbits with sustained high-fat diet.</a> Acta Physiol (Oxf). 211 (1), 36-47 (2014).</li><li>Filippi, S., Vignozzi, L., Morelli, A., Chavalmane, A. K., Sarchielli, E., Fibbi, B., Saad, F., Sandner, P., Ruggiano, P., Vannelli, G. B., Mannucci, E., Maggi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Testosterone+partially+ameliorates+metabolic+profile+and+erectile+responsiveness+to+PDE5+inhibitors+in+an+animal+model+of+male+metabolic+syndrome.">Testosterone partially ameliorates metabolic profile and erectile responsiveness to PDE5 inhibitors in an animal model of male metabolic syndrome.</a> J Sex Med. 6 (12), 3274-3288 (2009).</li><li>Waqar, A. B., Koike, T., Yu, Y., Inoue, T., Aoki, T., Liu, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-fat+diet+without+excess+calories+induces+metabolic+disorders+and+enhances+atherosclerosis+in+rabbits.">High-fat diet without excess calories induces metabolic disorders and enhances atherosclerosis in rabbits.</a> Atherosclerosis. 213 (1), 148-155 (2010).</li><li>Fan, J., Watanabe, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cholesterol-fed+and+transgenic+rabbit+models+for+the+study+of+atherosclerosis.">Cholesterol-fed and transgenic rabbit models for the study of atherosclerosis.</a> J Atheroscler Thromb. 7 (1), 26-32 (2000).</li><li>Yin, W., Yuan, Z., Wang, Z., Yang, B., Yang, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+diet+high+in+saturated+fat+and+sucrose+alters+glucoregulation+and+induces+aortic+fatty+streaks+in+New+Zealand+White+rabbits.">A diet high in saturated fat and sucrose alters glucoregulation and induces aortic fatty streaks in New Zealand White rabbits.</a> Int J Exp Diabetes Res. 3 (3), 179-184 (2002).</li><li>Zhao, S., Chu, Y., Zhang, C., Lin, Y., Xu, K., Yang, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diet-induced+central+obesity+and+insulin+resistance+in+rabbits.">Diet-induced central obesity and insulin resistance in rabbits.</a> J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 92 (1), 105-111 (2008).</li><li>Helfenstein, T., Fonseca, F. A., Ihara, S. S., Bottos, J. M., Moreira, F. T., Pott, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impaired+glucose+tolerance+plus+hyperlipidaemia+induced+by+diet+promotes+retina+microaneurysms+in+New+Zealand+rabbits.">Impaired glucose tolerance plus hyperlipidaemia induced by diet promotes retina microaneurysms in New Zealand rabbits.</a> Int J Exp Pathol. 92 (1), 40-49 (2011).</li><li>Ning, B., Wang, X., Yu, Y., Waqar, A. B., Yu, Q., Koike, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-fructose+and+high-fat+diet-induced+insulin+resistance+enhances+atherosclerosis+in+Watanabe+heritable+hyperlipidemic+rabbits.">High-fructose and high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance enhances atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits.</a> Nutr Metab (Lond). 12, 30 (2015).</li><li>Liu, Y., Li, B., Li, M., Yu, Y., Wang, Z., Chen, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improvement+of+cardiac+dysfunction+by+bilateral+surgical+renal+denervation+in+animals+with+diabetes+induced+by+high+fructose+and+high+fat+diet.">Improvement of cardiac dysfunction by bilateral surgical renal denervation in animals with diabetes induced by high fructose and high fat diet.</a> Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 115, 140-149 (2016).</li><li>Arias-Mutis, O. J., Marrachelli, V. G., Ruiz-Saur&#237;, A., Alberola, A., Morales, J. M., Such-Miquel, L., Monleon, D., Chorro, F. J., Such, L., Zarzoso, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+characterization+of+an+experimental+model+of+diet-induced+metabolic+syndrome+in+rabbit.">Development and characterization of an experimental model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rabbit.</a> PLoS One. 12 (5), e0178315 (2017).</li><li>Nelson, R. W., Himsel, C. A., Feldman, E. C., Bottoms, G. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glucose+tolerance+and+insulin+response+in+normal-weight+and+obese+cats.">Glucose tolerance and insulin response in normal-weight and obese cats.</a> Am J Vet Res. 51 (9), 1357-1362 (1990).</li><li>Staup, M., Aoyagi, G., Bayless, T., Wang, Y., Chng, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+Metabolic+Status+in+Nonhuman+Primates+with+the+Intravenous+Glucose+Tolerance+Test.">Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test.</a> J Vis Exp. (117), e52895 (2016).</li><li>Hall, J. E., do Carmo, J. M., da Silva, A. A., Wang, Z., Hall, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Obesity-induced+hypertension:+interaction+of+neurohumoral+and+renal+mechanisms.">Obesity-induced hypertension: interaction of neurohumoral and renal mechanisms.</a> Circ Res. 116 (6), 991-1006 (2015).</li><li>Linz, D., Hohl, M., Mahfoud, F., Reil, J. C., Linz, W., H&#252;bschle, T., Juretschke, H. P., Neumann-H&#228;flin, C., R&#252;tten, H., B&#246;hm, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+remodeling+and+myocardial+dysfunction+in+obese+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats.">Cardiac remodeling and myocardial dysfunction in obese spontaneously hypertensive rats.</a> J Transl Med. 10 (10), 187 (2012).</li><li>Sasser, T. A., Chapman, S. E., Li, S., Hudson, C., Orton, S. P., Diener, J. M., Gammon, S. T., Correcher, C., Leevy, W. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Segmentation+and+measurement+of+fat+volumes+in+murine+obesity+models+using+X-ray+computed+tomography.">Segmentation and measurement of fat volumes in murine obesity models using X-ray computed tomography.</a> J Vis Exp. (62), e3680 (2012).</li><li>Kawai, T., Ito, T., Ohwada, K., Mera, Y., Matsushita, M., Tomoike, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hereditary+postprandial+hypertriglyceridemic+rabbit+exhibits+insulin+resistance+and+central+obesity:+a+novel+model+of+metabolic+syndrome.">Hereditary postprandial hypertriglyceridemic rabbit exhibits insulin resistance and central obesity: a novel model of metabolic syndrome.</a> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 26 (12), 2752-2757 (2006).</li><li>Shiomi, M., Kobayashi, T., Kuniyoshi, N., Yamada, S., Ito, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myocardial+infarction-prone+Watanabe+heritable+hyperlipidemic+rabbits+with+mesenteric+fat+accumulation+are+a+novel+animal+model+for+metabolic+syndrome.">Myocardial infarction-prone Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits with mesenteric fat accumulation are a novel animal model for metabolic syndrome.</a> Pathobiology. 79 (6), 329-338 (2012).</li><li>Hildrum, B., Mykletun, A., Hole, T., Midthjell, K., Dahl, A. 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Etablering av en passende eksperimentell modell kan gi en mer konsekvent og pålitelig metode for å studere utviklingen av MetS, og det er også nødvendig å forstå grunnleggende mekanismer underlie organer og systemer remodeling. Her beskriver vi metoder brukt for å utvikle relevante eksperimentell modell av diett-indusert MetS og hvordan å vurdere de viktigste komponentene i denne klyngen av metabolske og hjerte unormalt som karakteriserer denne modellen: sentral fedme, hypertensjon, glukose intoleranse, og dyslip...

Fedme og Metabolsk syndrom (MetS) har blitt et økende problem for folkehelsen og klinisk praksis, gitt sin økt utbredelse på grunn av økningen av stillesittende livsstil og usunn spise vaner1. Det er flere definisjoner av MetS, men de fleste av dem beskrive det som en klynge av hjerte og metabolske forandringer som abdominal fedme, redusert HDL og forhøyet LDL Kolesterol, forhøyet triglyserider, glukose intoleranse og hypertensjon2 ,3,4. Diagnosen krever at tre av disse fem kriteriene er til stede.
På grunn av dyr modeller, har grunnleggende forskning vært undersøke mekanismene bak patologisk prosesser som MetS. Flere dyr modeller har vært brukt, men det er avgjørende at modellen av valg reproduserer de viktigste kliniske manifestasjoner av menneskelig patologi (figur 1). Med dette målet, dyr modeller som ligner på mennesker, hovedsakelig hjørnetann og svin, er utviklet (se Verkest5 og Zhang & Lerman6 for gjennomgang). Hjørnetann modeller vises imidlertid ikke alle komponentene i MetS, gitt at utvikling av aterosklerose eller hyperglykemi i hunder med kosten er tvilsom5. Svin modeller presentere mest anatomiske og fysiologiske likheten med mennesker, og dermed tilby betydelig forutsigende makt for Klargjørende mekanismene bak MetS, men vedlikehold og kompleksiteten av eksperimentelle prosedyrer gjøre bruk Denne modellen svært arbeidsintensiv intensiv og kostbar6.
På den annen side, gnager modeller (mus og rotten), kosthold-indusert spontan og transgene, har vært mye brukt i litteraturen for studier av fedme, hypertensjon, og MetS og patologisk konsekvensene i ulike organer og systemer (se Wong et al. 7 for gjennomgang). Selv om bruk av disse modellene er rimeligere enn hjørnetann eller svin, har de viktige ulemper. Faktisk avhengig av belastningen utvikle dyr noen komponenter i MetS, mens andre som hypertensjon, hyperglykemi og hyperinsulinemia er fraværende7. Videre, en av de viktigste komponentene i MetS, fedme, i noen genmodifiserte stammer, bare avhenger ikke av faktorer assosiert med kosten, snarere det har vist at noen dyr bli overvektige med normal eller selv redusert mat inntak8. Til slutt, mus og rotter viser naturlige mangel i cholesteryl ester overføring protein (CETP) og bruke HDL som store transportmiddel kolesterol, noe som gjør dem relativt motstandsdyktig mot utvikling av aterosklerose. Dette er en viktig forskjell i lipid stoffskiftet mennesker, som express CETP og transportere sitt kolesterol i LDL9.
Derimot representerer laboratorium kaninen et mellomliggende stadium mellom større dyr og gnager eksperimentelle modeller. Dermed kan kaninen lett sendes til forskjellige typer protokoller med minimumskrav av personell og vedlikehold, håndteres lettere i eksperimentell prosedyrer enn større dyr modeller. Videre har det blitt rapportert at kaniner med et fettrikt kosthold har lignende hemodynamic og neurohumoral endres som overvektige mennesker8,10,11. Av notatet, om lipid metabolisme, kaninen har rikelig CETP i plasma og lipoprotein profilen er LDL-rik12, som er også ligner på mennesker. I tillegg utvikle kaniner hyperlipidemi ganske raskt at, som herbivores, de er svært følsomme for kosttilskudd fett13.
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117fig1.jpg"> Figur 1: sammenligning av MetS dyremodeller. Verkest5, Zhang og Lerman6og Wong et al. 7 for gjennomgang. "<img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq1.jpg">" angir en fordel og "<img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq2.jpg">" angir en ulempe. *kontroversielle, avhenger av studien, *idet pekte ut av Carroll et al. 8, noen genmodifiserte stammer bli overvektige uavhengig av matinntak. CEPT: cholesteryl ester overføring protein. GTT: glukose toleranse test. <a href="//cloudflare.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Klikk her for å se en større versjon av dette tallet.</a>
For å belyse grunnleggende mekanismene bak patologisk remodeling produsert av MetS i ulike organer og systemer, og å få forståelse av komplekse patologi, valg av en eksperimentell modell som reproduserer hovedkomponentene i menneskelige MetS er viktig. Kaninen kan tilby mange fordeler gitt likhet med menneskelige fysiologi og kostnader i bruk i kronisk protokoller og målinger. På denne linjen er få diett-indusert kanin modeller med høy-basin og høy-sukrose diet brukes14,15,16,17,18,19 (tabell 1), og karakterisering av de forskjellige delene av MetS er av stor betydning når knyttet en fenotypen med orgel remodeling. Derfor er denne artikkelen Hovedmålet å beskrive metodene for å utvikle en modell av diett-indusert MetS i kaniner som lar studiet av sine patofysiologi og innvirkning på orgel remodeling.
<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always"><tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">Studien</td>
			<td rowspan="2">Diett</td>
			<td rowspan="2">Varighet</td>
			<td rowspan="2">Rase</td>
			<td colspan="4">MetS komponenter</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>OB</td>
			<td>HT</td>
			<td>HG</td>
			<td>DL</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">Yin et al. (2002)14</td>
			<td>·    10% fett</td>
			<td rowspan="2">24 uker</td>
			<td>·      Mannlige NZW</td>
			<td rowspan="2"><img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq2.jpg"></td>
			<td rowspan="2">-</td>
			<td rowspan="2"><img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq1.jpg"></td>
			<td rowspan="2"><img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq1.jpg"></td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>·    37% sukrose</td>
			<td>·      2 kg</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">Zhao et al. (2007)15</td>
			<td>·    10% fett</td>
			<td rowspan="2">36 uker</td>
			<td>·      Mannlige JW</td>
			<td rowspan="2"><img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq1.jpg"></td>
			<td rowspan="2"><img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq2.jpg"></td>
			<td rowspan="2"><img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq2.jpg"></td>
			<td rowspan="2"><img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq2.jpg"></td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>·    30% sukrose</td>
			<td>·      16 uker</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3">Helfestein et al. (2011)16</td>
			<td>·    10% fett</td>
			<td rowspan="3">24 uker</td>
			<td>·      Mannlige NZW</td>
			<td rowspan="3"><img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq2.jpg"></td>
			<td rowspan="3">-</td>
			<td rowspan="3"><img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq1.jpg"></td>
			<td rowspan="3"><img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq1.jpg"></td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>·    40% sukrose</td>
			<td>·      12 uker</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>·    0,5-0,1 kolesterol</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">Ning et al. (2015)17</td>
			<td>·    10% fett</td>
			<td rowspan="2">8-16 uker</td>
			<td>·      Mannlige WHHL</td>
			<td rowspan="2"><img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq2.jpg"></td>
			<td rowspan="2">-</td>
			<td rowspan="2"><img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq2.jpg"></td>
			<td rowspan="2"><img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq1.jpg"></td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>·    30% fruktose *</td>
			<td>·      12 uker</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">Liu et al. (2016)18</td>
			<td>·    10% fett</td>
			<td rowspan="2">48 uker</td>
			<td>·      Mannlige NZW</td>
			<td rowspan="2"><img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq2.jpg"></td>
			<td rowspan="2">-</td>
			<td rowspan="2"><img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq1.jpg"></td>
			<td rowspan="2"><img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq1.jpg"></td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>·    30% sukrose</td>
			<td>·      12 uker</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arias-Mutis et al. (2017)19</td>
			<td>·    15% fett</td>
			<td>28 uker</td>
			<td>·      Mannlige NZW</td>
			<td><img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq1.jpg"></td>
			<td><img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq1.jpg"></td>
			<td><img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq1.jpg"></td>
			<td><img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq1.jpg"></td>
		</tr>
</tbody></table>Tabell 1: Diet-indusert MetS kanin modeller med høy fett, høy-sukrose diet. Symbolet "<img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq2.jpg">"angir fravær,"<img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/57117/57117eq1.jpg">" tilstedeværelse, og "-" ikke evaluert. * begrenset. WHHL, Watanabe arvelige hiperlipidemic kanin. JW, japansk hvit kanin. OB, fedme. HT, hypertensjon. HG, hyperglykemi. DL, dyslipidemi.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Veterinary scale</td>
			<td>SOEHNLE</td>
			<td>7858</td>
			<td>Scale 
			https://www.soehnle-professional.com/en/productgroup/details/103/veterinary-scale</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Shovel for aluminum feed</td>
			<td>COPELE</td>
			<td>10308</td>
			<td>Shovel for aluminum feed 
			http://copele.com/es/herramientas/48-pala-para-pienso-de-aluminio.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Balance</td>
			<td>PCE Ib&#233;rica</td>
			<td>PCE-TB 15</td>
			<td>Balance 
			http://www.pce-iberica.es/medidor-detalles-tecnicos/balanzas/balanza-compacta-pce-bdm.htm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Strainer (20 cm diam.)</td>
			<td>ZWILLING</td>
			<td>39643-020-0</td>
			<td>Strainer 
			https://es.zwilling-shop.com/Menaje-del-hogar/Menaje-de-cocina/Menaje-especial/Accesorios/Colador-20-cm-ZWILLING-39643-020-0.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bowl</td>
			<td>ZWILLING</td>
			<td>40850-751-0</td>
			<td>Scale 
			https://www.soehnle-professional.com/en/productgroup/details/103/veterinary-scale</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Funnel</td>
			<td>BT Ingenieros</td>
			<td>not available</td>
			<td>Funnel 
			http://www.bt-ingenieros.com/fluidos-y-combustibles/961-juego-de-4-embudos-de-plastico.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIuInui_y-1QIVASjTCh28Zwf-EAQYBSABEgK7xPD_BwE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Introcan Certo 22G blue</td>
			<td>B Braun</td>
			<td>4251318</td>
			<td>Peripheral intravenous catheter 
			http://www.bbraun-vetcare.es/producto/introcan-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propofol Lipuro 10 mg/ml vial 20 ml</td>
			<td>B Braun</td>
			<td>3544761VET</td>
			<td>General intravenous anesthetic 
			http://www.bbraun-vetcare.es/producto/propofol-lipuro-1-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FisioVet serum solution 500ml</td>
			<td>B Braun</td>
			<td>472779</td>
			<td>Scale 
			https://www.soehnle-professional.com/en/productgroup/details/103/veterinary-scale</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Askina Film Vet 1,25cm x 5m</td>
			<td>B Braun</td>
			<td>OCT13501</td>
			<td>Plastic Plaster 
			http://www.bbraun-vetcare.es/producto/askina-film-vet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Askina Film Vet 2,50cm x 5m</td>
			<td>B Braun</td>
			<td>OCT13502</td>
			<td>Plastic Plaster 
			http://www.bbraun-vetcare.es/producto/askina-film-vet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Injekt siringe 10ml luer</td>
			<td>B Braun</td>
			<td>4606108V</td>
			<td>Injection-aspiration syringe of two single-use bodies 
			http://www.bbraun-vetcare.es/producto/injekt-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Seca 201</td>
			<td>seca</td>
			<td>seca 201</td>
			<td>Ergonomic tape for measuring perimeters 
			https://www.seca.com/es_es/productos/todos-los-productos/detalles-del-producto/seca201.html#referred</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterican 21Gx1&#34; - 0,8x25mm verde</td>
			<td>B Braun</td>
			<td>4657543</td>
			<td>Single Use Hypodermic Needle 
			http://www.bbraun-vetcare.es/producto/agujas-hipodermicas-sterican-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CONTOURNEXT-Meter</td>
			<td>BAYER</td>
			<td>84413470</td>
			<td>Blood glucose analysis system 
			http://www.contournextstore.com/en/contour-next-meter-2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CONTOUR NEXT test strips</td>
			<td>BAYER</td>
			<td>83624788</td>
			<td>Blood glucose test strips 
			http://www.contournextstore.com/en/contour-next-test-strips-100-ct-package</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MICROLET NEXT LANCING DEVICE</td>
			<td>BAYER</td>
			<td>6702</td>
			<td>Lancing device 
			http://www.contournextstore.com/en/new-microlet-next-lancing-device</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MICROLET 2 Colored Lancets</td>
			<td>BAYER</td>
			<td>81264857</td>
			<td>Ultra-thin sterile lancet for capillary puncture 
			http://www.contournextstore.com/en/microlet2-colored-lancets-100s</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Injekt 20ml luer siringe</td>
			<td>B Braun</td>
			<td>4606205V</td>
			<td>Scale 
			https://www.soehnle-professional.com/en/productgroup/details/103/veterinary-scale</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Askina Mullkompressen 7,5x7,5cm - sterile</td>
			<td>B Braun</td>
			<td>9031219N</td>
			<td>Sterile gauze packets in envelopes 
			http://www.bbraun-vetcare.es/producto/askina-mullkompressen-esteril</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Emla lidocaine/prilocaine</td>
			<td>AstraZeneca</td>
			<td>not available</td>
			<td>Local anesthetics 
			https://www.astrazeneca.es/areas-terapeuticas/neurociencias.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Introcan Certo 18G short</td>
			<td>B Braun</td>
			<td>4251342</td>
			<td>Peripheral intravenous catheter 
			http://www.bbraun-vetcare.es/producto/introcan-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Introcan Certo 20G</td>
			<td>B Braun</td>
			<td>4251326</td>
			<td>Peripheral intravenous catheter 
			http://www.bbraun-vetcare.es/producto/introcan-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blood Pressure Transducers-MA1 72-4497</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>724497</td>
			<td>Transducer for monitoring blood pressure 
			http://www.harvardapparatus.com/physiology/physiological-measurements/transducers/pressure-transducers/research-grade-pressure-transducers.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PowerLab 2/26</td>
			<td>AD Instruments</td>
			<td>ML826</td>
			<td>Amplifier 
			https://www.adinstruments.com/products/powerlab</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LabChart ver. 6</td>
			<td>AD Instruments</td>
			<td>not available</td>
			<td>Acquisition software 
			https://www.adinstruments.com/products/labchart</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Animal Bio Amp</td>
			<td>AD Instruments</td>
			<td>FE136</td>
			<td>Amplifier 
			https://www.adinstruments.com/products/bio-amps#product-FE136</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>K2EDTA 7.2mg</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>367861</td>
			<td>Blood collection tubes 
			http://catalog.bd.com/nexus-ecat/getProductDetail?productId=367861</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>SciQuip</td>
			<td>2-16KL</td>
			<td>Centrifuge 
			http://www.sigma-centrifuges.co.uk/store/products/refrigerated-sigma-2-16k-centrifuge/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eppendorf Reference 2, 100 &#8211; 1000 &#956;L</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>4920000083</td>
			<td>Pipette 
			https://online-shop.eppendorf.es/ES-es/Pipeteo-44563/Pipetas-44564/Eppendorf-Reference2-PF-42806.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eppendorf Safe-Lock Tubes, 0.5 mL</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>30121023</td>
			<td>Tubes 
			https://online-shop.eppendorf.es/ES-es/Puntas-tubos-y-placas-44512/Tubos-44515/Eppendorf-Safe-Lock-Tubes-PF-8863.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NZW rabbits (16-18 weeks old)</td>
			<td>Granja San Bernardo</td>
			<td>not available</td>
			<td>New Zealand White rabbits 
			http://www.granjasanbernardo.com/en/welcome/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sucrose&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S0389-5KG</td>
			<td>Sucrose for drinking solution 
			http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/s0389?lang=es&#38;region=ES</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit maintenance control diet</td>
			<td>Ssniff</td>
			<td>V2333-000</td>
			<td>Control diet 
			http://www.ssniff.com/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit high-fat diet</td>
			<td>Ssniff</td>
			<td>S9052-E020</td>
			<td>High-fat diet 
			http://www.ssniff.com/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit rack and drinker</td>
			<td>Sodispan</td>
			<td>not available</td>
			<td>Rack for rabbits 
			https://www.sodispan.com/jaulas-y-racks/racks-conejo-y-cobaya/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit restrainer</td>
			<td>Zoonlab</td>
			<td>3045601</td>
			<td>http://www.zoonlab.de/en/index.html</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an experimental model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rabbit: methodological considerations, development, and assessment

De siste årene, har fedme og Metabolsk syndrom (MetS) blitt et økende problem for folkehelsen og klinisk praksis, gitt sin økt utbredelse på grunn av stillesittende livsstil og usunne matvaner. Takket være dyremodeller, kan grunnleggende forskning undersøke mekanismene bak patologisk prosesser som MetS. Her beskriver vi metoder brukt for å utvikle en eksperimentell kanin modell av diett-indusert MetS og sin vurdering. Etter en periode av acclimation, er dyr matet en høy fett (10% hydrogenert kokosolje og 5% fett), høy-sukrose (15% sukrose oppløst i vann) diet for 28 uker. I denne perioden flere eksperimentelle prosedyrer ble utført for å vurdere de forskjellige komponentene i MetS: morfologiske og automatiske blodtrykksmålinger, glukose toleranse besluttsomhet og analyse av flere plasma markører. På slutten av eksperimentelle periode, dyr utviklet sentral fedme, mild hypertensjon, pre-diabetes og dyslipidemi med lav HDL, høyt LDL og en økning på triglyseridnivåer (TG), dermed gjengi hovedkomponentene i menneskelig MetS. Denne kroniske modellen muliggjør nye perspektiver for å forstå de underliggende mekanismene i utviklingen av sykdommen, gjenkjenning av prekliniske og kliniske markører at identifisering av pasienter i faresonen eller med testing av nye terapeutiske metoder for behandling av komplekse patologi.

MetS representerer en klynge av metabolske og hjerte unormalt som studien kan ordnes ved bruk av eksperimentelle modeller. Faktisk for å belyse mekanismene bak patologisk remodeling produsert av MetS, er valg av en eksperimentell modell som hensiktsmessig ligner den menneskelige tilstanden, og egner seg for forskning avgjørende. Her presenterer vi metodene for å indusere MetS i kanin med en diett høy i mettet fett og sukrose, og en detaljert karakterisering for evalueringen. Bruk av d...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Experimental Model of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rabbit: Methodological Considerations, Development, and Assessment at JoVE.com

An Experimental Model of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rabbit: Methodological Considerations, Development, and Assessment

En eksperimentell modell av diett-indusert Metabolsk syndrom i Rabbit: metodologiske hensyn og utviklingen vurdering

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In recent years, obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have become a growing problem for public health and clinical practice, given their increased ...

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