Name: novel passive clearing methods for the rapid production of optical transparency in whole cns tissue
Uploaded: 2018-05-08T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Novel Passive Clearing Methods for the Rapid Production of Optical Transparency in Whole CNS Tissue at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了大脑韩国21加 Yonsei 大学医学科学项目的支持。此外, 这项工作得到了韩国国家研究基金会 (NRF-2017R1D1A1B03030315) 的赠款的支持。

所有程序均经 Yonsei 大学医学院适当的研究伦理委员会批准。所有实验动物都是按照 Yonsei 大学医学院实验动物护理委员会的指导方针而牺牲的。
1. 试剂的制备
注意: 多聚甲醛 (粉煤灰)、丙烯酰胺和月桂酸钠 (SDS) 是有毒刺激物, 因此应在通风罩中处理, 并配备适当的个人防护设备 (PPE; 实验室大衣, 手套, 防护眼镜)。
<ol><li>4% 丙烯酰胺 (a) 溶液 (A4P0): 将20毫?...

<ol>
	<li>Zhu, X., Xia, Y., Wang, X., Si, K., Gong, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+brain+imaging:+A+powerful+tool+for+neuroscience.">Optical brain imaging: A powerful tool for neuroscience.</a> Neurosci Bull. 33 (1), 95-102 (2017).</li><li>Chung, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+and+molecular+interrogation+of+intact+biological+systems.">Structural and molecular interrogation of intact biological systems.</a> Nature. 497 (7449), 332-337 (2013).</li><li>Tomer, R., Ye, L., Hsueh, B., Deisseroth, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advanced+CLARITY+for+rapid+and+high-resolution+imaging+of+intact+tissues.">Advanced CLARITY for rapid and high-resolution imaging of intact tissues.</a> Nat Protoc. 9 (7), 1682-1697 (2014).</li><li>Feng, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CLARITY+reveals+dynamics+of+ovarian+follicular+architecture+and+vasculature+in+three-dimensions.">CLARITY reveals dynamics of ovarian follicular architecture and vasculature in three-dimensions.</a> Sci Rep. 7, 44810 (2017).</li><li>Lee, H., Park, J. H., Seo, I., Park, S. H., Kim, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+application+of+the+electrophoretic+tissue+clearing+technology,+CLARITY,+to+intact+solid+organs+including+brain,+pancreas,+liver,+kidney,+lung,+and+intestine.">Improved application of the electrophoretic tissue clearing technology, CLARITY, to intact solid organs including brain, pancreas, liver, kidney, lung, and intestine.</a> BMC Dev Biol. 14, 48 (2014).</li><li>Jensen, K. H. R., Berg, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+and+perspectives+in+tissue+clearing+using+CLARITY.">Advances and perspectives in tissue clearing using CLARITY.</a> J Chem Neuroanat. 86, 19-34 (2017).</li><li>Treweek, J. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole-body+tissue+stabilization+and+selective+extractions+via+tissue-hydrogel+hybrids+for+high-resolution+intact+circuit+mapping+and+phenotyping.">Whole-body tissue stabilization and selective extractions via tissue-hydrogel hybrids for high-resolution intact circuit mapping and phenotyping.</a> Nat Protoc. 10 (11), 1860-1896 (2015).</li><li>Yang, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+phenotyping+within+transparent+intact+tissue+through+whole-body+clearing.">Single-cell phenotyping within transparent intact tissue through whole-body clearing.</a> Cell. 158 (4), 945-958 (2014).</li><li>Neckel, P. H., Mattheus, U., Hirt, B., Just, L., Mack, A. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+tissue+clearing+(PACT):+Technical+evaluation+and+new+perspectives+in+immunofluorescence,+histology,+and+ultrastructure.">Large-scale tissue clearing (PACT): Technical evaluation and new perspectives in immunofluorescence, histology, and ultrastructure.</a> Sci Rep. 6, 34331 (2016).</li><li>Woo, J., Lee, M., Seo, J. M., Park, H. S., Cho, Y. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+the+optical+transparency+of+rodent+tissues+by+modified+PACT-based+passive+clearing.">Optimization of the optical transparency of rodent tissues by modified PACT-based passive clearing.</a> Exp Mol Med. 48 (12), 274 (2016).</li><li>Gage, G. J., Kipke, D. R., Shain, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole+animal+perfusion+fixation+for+rodents.">Whole animal perfusion fixation for rodents.</a> J Vis Exp. (65), (2012).</li><li>Roberts, D. G., Johnsonbaugh, H. B., Spence, R. D., MacKenzie-Graham, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+clearing+of+the+mouse+central+nervous+system+using+passive+CLARITY.">Optical clearing of the mouse central nervous system using passive CLARITY.</a> J Vis Exp. (112), (2016).</li><li>Ke, M. T., Fujimoto, S., Imai, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SeeDB:+A+simple+and+morphology-preserving+optical+clearing+agent+for+neuronal+circuit+reconstruction.">SeeDB: A simple and morphology-preserving optical clearing agent for neuronal circuit reconstruction.</a> Nat Neurosci. 16 (8), 1154-1161 (2013).</li><li>Choi, B. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+expression+of+the+receptor+for+advanced+glycation+end+products+in+neurons+and+astrocytes+in+a+triple+transgenic+mouse+model+of+Alzheimer's+disease.">Increased expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products in neurons and astrocytes in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.</a> Exp Mol Med. 46, 75 (2014).</li><li>Chang, D. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contralaterally+transplanted+human+embryonic+stem+cell-derived+neural+precursor+cells+(ENStem-A)+migrate+and+improve+brain+functions+in+stroke-damaged+rats.">Contralaterally transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor cells (ENStem-A) migrate and improve brain functions in stroke-damaged rats.</a> Exp Mol Med. 45, 53 (2013).</li><li>Kim, T. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+differential+plaque+depositions+in+the+brains+of+Tg2576+and+Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9+transgenic+mouse+models+of+Alzheimer+disease.">Analysis of differential plaque depositions in the brains of Tg2576 and Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer disease.</a> Exp Mol Med. 44 (8), 492-502 (2012).</li><li>Kinameri, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prdm+proto-oncogene+transcription+factor+family+expression+and+interaction+with+the+Notch-Hes+pathway+in+mouse+neurogenesis.">Prdm proto-oncogene transcription factor family expression and interaction with the Notch-Hes pathway in mouse neurogenesis.</a> PLoS One. 3 (12), e3859 (2008).</li></ol>

尽管在协议中使用的被动、非电泳提取方法大大提高了与以前的组织清除方法一致的一致性, 如清晰度2、3、4、7,8, 该技术仍然存在几个缺点, 其中最紧迫的是实现最大组织清晰度12所需的时间长度。在当前的研究中, 我们提出了修改的协议协议, 大大减少了?...

科学和临床调查的一个基本目标是全面了解器官结构和功能;然而, 哺乳动物器官极其复杂的性质往往是完全实现这一目标的障碍1。清晰度 (透明脂交换丙烯酰胺-杂交刚性成像兼容 Tisssue-水凝胶)2,3,4, 其中包括建立一个基于丙烯酰胺的水凝胶混合从完整的组织, 达到各种器官的光学清除, 包括大脑、肝脏和脾脏, 同时保持其结构完整性5。因此, 清晰度不仅使可视化, 而且还有机会精细解剖复杂的细胞网络和组织形态, 而不需要切片。
为了达到组织间隙, 清晰度采用电泳方法去除手上样品的脂质含量。虽然已注意到生产物理稳定的组织-水凝胶杂交种, 研究表明, 其使用电泳组织清除 (等) 方法产生可变的结果, 在组织质量方面, 包括褐变, 表位损害, 和蛋白质损失5,6。为了解决这些问题, 已开发了7、8、9等修改的协议 (被动清晰度技术), 取代了被动的、基于离子洗涤剂的 delipidation 技术等处理。然而, 尽管在结果上取得了更大的一致性, 但条约需要更多的时间来获得最大的清除。此外, 这些技术尚未应用到整个中枢神经系统的形式, 或大鼠模型, 如老鼠和豚鼠。
本研究试图通过提出新的方法、psPACT (过程分离的公约) 和 mPACT (修改后的公约) 来解决这些限制, 以促进在老鼠和老鼠模型中的整个中枢神经系统和内脏器官的快速清除10。具体地说, psPACT 在水凝胶形成过程中分别在4% 丙烯酰胺和 0.25% VA-044 的两个步骤中处理组织;mPACT 基本上涉及相同的步骤, 但补充了基于 SDS 的清除解决方案与0.5% α thioglycerol 作为关键试剂。这两种技术都利用了内源系统和脑脊液循环系统, 大大减少了产生光间隙所需的时间。作为一项原则的证明, 我们展示了使用共焦显微镜分析在清除组织中的血管模式10。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)</td>
			<td>Affymetrix, Inc.</td>
			<td>75819</td>
			<td>Clearing solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nycodenz</td>
			<td>Axia-Shield</td>
			<td>1002424</td>
			<td>nRIMS solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>40% Acrylamide Solution</td>
			<td>Bio Rad Laboratories, Inc.</td>
			<td>161-0140</td>
			<td>Polymerization (A4P0)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,2&#180;-Azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] Dihydrochloride</td>
			<td>Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.</td>
			<td>017-19362</td>
			<td>Polymerization (VA-044)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-Thioglycerol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M1753-100ML</td>
			<td>Clearing solution (mPACT)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween-20</td>
			<td>Georgiachem</td>
			<td>9005-64-5</td>
			<td>nRIMS solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8787-50ML</td>
			<td>Immuno Staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>Bovogen</td>
			<td>BSA100</td>
			<td>Immuno Staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>375095</td>
			<td>Perfusion (PBS)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium azide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S2002-25G</td>
			<td>nRIMS solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PECAM-CD31 antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.</td>
			<td>sc-28188</td>
			<td>Immuno Staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-rabbit-IgG Cy3 fluorescent conjugate</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch Inc.</td>
			<td>111-165-003</td>
			<td>Immuno Staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4% Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Tech &#38; Innovation</td>
			<td>BPP-9004</td>
			<td>Perfusion, Polymerization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20X Phosphate Buffered Saline (pH 7.4)</td>
			<td>Tech &#38; Innovation</td>
			<td>BPB-9121</td>
			<td>Perfusion, Buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mL stripette</td>
			<td>Coatar</td>
			<td>4488</td>
			<td>Solution transfer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL tube</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>352070</td>
			<td>Clearing tube</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35 mm Cell culture dish</td>
			<td>SPL</td>
			<td>20035</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal dish</td>
			<td>SPL</td>
			<td>211350</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL syringe</td>
			<td>Korea vaccine Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>26G 1/2</td>
			<td>Anesthetize&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL syringe</td>
			<td>Korea vaccine Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>21G1 1/4</td>
			<td>Perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acrylamide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A3553</td>
			<td>Polymerization (A4P0)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Whatman 3MM paper</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z270849</td>
			<td>Blotting paper for gel removal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>LSM780</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ZEN lite Software</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>ZEN 2012</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td>Longerpump</td>
			<td>BT100-1F</td>
			<td>Perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EasyGel</td>
			<td>Lifecanvas Technologies</td>
			<td>EasyGel</td>
			<td>Tissue gel hybridization system</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

novel passive clearing methods for the rapid production of optical transparency in whole cns tissue

由于清晰度的发展, 一种电化学清除技术, 允许在透明组织内的三维表型映射, 多种新的清除方法, 包括立方 (清晰, 无障碍的脑成像鸡尾酒和计算分析), 开关 (系统范围控制的交互时间和化学动力学的化学品), 地图 (放大分析的蛋白质组) 和协议 (被动清晰度技术), 以进一步扩大现有的工具箱生物组织的显微分析。本研究旨在改进和优化原始的协议程序, 为一系列完整的啮齿动物组织, 包括整个中枢神经系统 (CNS), 肾脏, 脾脏, 和整个小鼠胚胎。这些新的技术被称为 psPACT (过程分离协议) 和 mPACT (修改后的契约), 提供了非常有效的方法来映射细胞电路, 并在完整的正常和病理组织中可视化亚型结构。在下面的协议中, 我们提供了一个详细的, 分步概述如何实现最大的组织间隙, 最小的入侵他们的结构完整性通过 psPACT 和 mPACT。

利用优化的无源交换技术生成全中枢神经系统的透明模型
通过各种无源清除技术 (图 1), 快速实现了小鼠和全中枢神经组织的光间隙。图 2A显示了一段时间内组织清理的示意图。与原始的契约方法不同, psPACT (过程分离的协议) 包括处理样品与4% 丙烯酰胺 (A4P0) 和 0.25% VA-04...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Novel Passive Clearing Methods for the Rapid Production of Optical Transparency in Whole CNS Tissue at JoVE.com

Novel Passive Clearing Methods for the Rapid Production of Optical Transparency in Whole CNS Tissue

一种新的用于全中枢神经系统光透明快速生成的无源清除方法

在这里, 我们提出了两个新的方法, psPACT 和 mPACT, 以实现最大的光学透明度和随后显微分析的组织血管在完整的啮齿动物整个中枢神经系统。

Since the development of CLARITY, a bioelectrochemical clearing technique that allows for three-dimensional phenotype mapping within transparent tissues, ...

Research

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Neuroscience

Methods for Experimental Manipulations after Optic Nerve Transection in the Mammalian CNS

在哺乳动物的中枢神经系统视神经横断后的实验操作方法

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are CNS neurons that output visual information from the retina to the brain, via the optic nerve. The optic nerve can be ...

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Fast Micro-iontophoresis of Glutamate and GABA: A Useful Tool to Investigate Synaptic Integration

谷氨酸和GABA快速微离子导入：一个有用​​的工具，调查突触整合

One of the fundamental interests in neuroscience is to understand the integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs along the very complex structure of ...

Assessment of Vascular Regeneration in the CNS Using the Mouse Retina

血管再生在中枢神经系统中使用的小鼠视网膜评估

The rodent retina is perhaps the most accessible mammalian system in which to investigate neurovascular interplay within the central nervous system (CNS). ...

Optical Clearing of the Mouse Central Nervous System Using Passive CLARITY

鼠标中枢神经系统的光透明使用被动CLARITY

Traditionally, tissue visualization has required that the tissue of interest be serially sectioned and imaged, subjecting each tissue section to unique ...

A Simple One-step Dissection Protocol for Whole-mount Preparation of Adult Drosophila Brains

A Simple One-step Dissection Protocol for Whole-mount Preparation of Adult Drosophila Brains

一个简单的一步解剖协议成人全安装准备<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;脑

There is an increasing interest in using Drosophila to model human brain degenerative diseases, map neuronal circuitries in adult brains, and study the ...

Methods for the Discovery of Novel Compounds Modulating a Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Type A Neurotransmission

新化合物调制伽玛-丁酸受体 a 型神经传递的发现方法

This manuscript presents a step-by-step protocol for screening compounds at gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors and its use towards the ...

A Hydrophobic Tissue Clearing Method for Rat Brain Tissue

鼠脑组织疏水组织清除方法

Hydrophobic tissue clearing methods are easily adjustable, fast, and low-cost procedures that allows for the study of a molecule of interest in unaltered ...

Immunostaining of Whole-Mount Retinas with the CLARITY Tissue Clearing Method

使用清晰组织清除方法对全山视网膜进行免疫染色

The tissue hydrogel delipidation method (CLARITY), originally developed by the Deisseroth laboratory, has been modified and widely used for immunostaining ...

Imaging and Quantification of Intact Neuronal Dendrites via CLARITY Tissue Clearing

通过 CLARITY 组织清除对完整神经元树突进行成像和定量

Brain activity, the electrochemical signals passed between neurons, is determined by the connectivity patterns of neuronal networks, and from the ...

A Tissue Clearing Method for Neuronal Imaging from Mesoscopic to Microscopic Scales

一种从介观尺度到微观尺度的神经元成像组织清除方法

A detailed protocol is provided here to visualize neuronal structures from mesoscopic to microscopic levels in brain tissues. Neuronal structures ranging ...