Name: novel passive clearing methods for the rapid production of optical transparency in whole cns tissue
Uploaded: 2018-05-08T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Novel Passive Clearing Methods for the Rapid Production of Optical Transparency in Whole CNS Tissue at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af hjernen Korea 21 PLUS projektet for lægevidenskaben, Yonsei Universitet. Hertil kommer, blev dette arbejde støttet af tilskud fra National Research Foundation Korea (NRF-2017R1D1A1B03030315).

Alle procedurer er blevet godkendt af de relevante videnskabsetisk komité på Yonsei University College of Medicine. Alle forsøgsdyr er ofret efter retningslinjerne i laboratorium animalsk omhu Udvalget på Yonsei University College of Medicine.
1. forberedelse af reagenser
Forsigtig: PARAFORMALDEHYD (PFA), acrylamid og sodium dodecyl sulfat (SDS) er giftige lokalirriterende og dermed bør håndteres i et stinkskab med passende personlige værnemidler (PPE, laborato...

<ol>
	<li>Zhu, X., Xia, Y., Wang, X., Si, K., Gong, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+brain+imaging:+A+powerful+tool+for+neuroscience.">Optical brain imaging: A powerful tool for neuroscience.</a> Neurosci Bull. 33 (1), 95-102 (2017).</li><li>Chung, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+and+molecular+interrogation+of+intact+biological+systems.">Structural and molecular interrogation of intact biological systems.</a> Nature. 497 (7449), 332-337 (2013).</li><li>Tomer, R., Ye, L., Hsueh, B., Deisseroth, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advanced+CLARITY+for+rapid+and+high-resolution+imaging+of+intact+tissues.">Advanced CLARITY for rapid and high-resolution imaging of intact tissues.</a> Nat Protoc. 9 (7), 1682-1697 (2014).</li><li>Feng, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CLARITY+reveals+dynamics+of+ovarian+follicular+architecture+and+vasculature+in+three-dimensions.">CLARITY reveals dynamics of ovarian follicular architecture and vasculature in three-dimensions.</a> Sci Rep. 7, 44810 (2017).</li><li>Lee, H., Park, J. H., Seo, I., Park, S. H., Kim, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+application+of+the+electrophoretic+tissue+clearing+technology,+CLARITY,+to+intact+solid+organs+including+brain,+pancreas,+liver,+kidney,+lung,+and+intestine.">Improved application of the electrophoretic tissue clearing technology, CLARITY, to intact solid organs including brain, pancreas, liver, kidney, lung, and intestine.</a> BMC Dev Biol. 14, 48 (2014).</li><li>Jensen, K. H. R., Berg, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+and+perspectives+in+tissue+clearing+using+CLARITY.">Advances and perspectives in tissue clearing using CLARITY.</a> J Chem Neuroanat. 86, 19-34 (2017).</li><li>Treweek, J. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole-body+tissue+stabilization+and+selective+extractions+via+tissue-hydrogel+hybrids+for+high-resolution+intact+circuit+mapping+and+phenotyping.">Whole-body tissue stabilization and selective extractions via tissue-hydrogel hybrids for high-resolution intact circuit mapping and phenotyping.</a> Nat Protoc. 10 (11), 1860-1896 (2015).</li><li>Yang, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+phenotyping+within+transparent+intact+tissue+through+whole-body+clearing.">Single-cell phenotyping within transparent intact tissue through whole-body clearing.</a> Cell. 158 (4), 945-958 (2014).</li><li>Neckel, P. H., Mattheus, U., Hirt, B., Just, L., Mack, A. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+tissue+clearing+(PACT):+Technical+evaluation+and+new+perspectives+in+immunofluorescence,+histology,+and+ultrastructure.">Large-scale tissue clearing (PACT): Technical evaluation and new perspectives in immunofluorescence, histology, and ultrastructure.</a> Sci Rep. 6, 34331 (2016).</li><li>Woo, J., Lee, M., Seo, J. M., Park, H. S., Cho, Y. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+the+optical+transparency+of+rodent+tissues+by+modified+PACT-based+passive+clearing.">Optimization of the optical transparency of rodent tissues by modified PACT-based passive clearing.</a> Exp Mol Med. 48 (12), 274 (2016).</li><li>Gage, G. J., Kipke, D. R., Shain, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole+animal+perfusion+fixation+for+rodents.">Whole animal perfusion fixation for rodents.</a> J Vis Exp. (65), (2012).</li><li>Roberts, D. G., Johnsonbaugh, H. B., Spence, R. D., MacKenzie-Graham, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+clearing+of+the+mouse+central+nervous+system+using+passive+CLARITY.">Optical clearing of the mouse central nervous system using passive CLARITY.</a> J Vis Exp. (112), (2016).</li><li>Ke, M. T., Fujimoto, S., Imai, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SeeDB:+A+simple+and+morphology-preserving+optical+clearing+agent+for+neuronal+circuit+reconstruction.">SeeDB: A simple and morphology-preserving optical clearing agent for neuronal circuit reconstruction.</a> Nat Neurosci. 16 (8), 1154-1161 (2013).</li><li>Choi, B. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+expression+of+the+receptor+for+advanced+glycation+end+products+in+neurons+and+astrocytes+in+a+triple+transgenic+mouse+model+of+Alzheimer's+disease.">Increased expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products in neurons and astrocytes in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.</a> Exp Mol Med. 46, 75 (2014).</li><li>Chang, D. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contralaterally+transplanted+human+embryonic+stem+cell-derived+neural+precursor+cells+(ENStem-A)+migrate+and+improve+brain+functions+in+stroke-damaged+rats.">Contralaterally transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor cells (ENStem-A) migrate and improve brain functions in stroke-damaged rats.</a> Exp Mol Med. 45, 53 (2013).</li><li>Kim, T. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+differential+plaque+depositions+in+the+brains+of+Tg2576+and+Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9+transgenic+mouse+models+of+Alzheimer+disease.">Analysis of differential plaque depositions in the brains of Tg2576 and Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer disease.</a> Exp Mol Med. 44 (8), 492-502 (2012).</li><li>Kinameri, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prdm+proto-oncogene+transcription+factor+family+expression+and+interaction+with+the+Notch-Hes+pathway+in+mouse+neurogenesis.">Prdm proto-oncogene transcription factor family expression and interaction with the Notch-Hes pathway in mouse neurogenesis.</a> PLoS One. 3 (12), e3859 (2008).</li></ol>

Mens de passive, ikke-elektroforese udvindingsmetoder ansat i forbedret PAGTEN væsentligt sammenhæng opnåede med tidligere væv clearing metoder såsom klarhed2,3,4,7 , 8, teknikken, der stadig bærer flere mangler, den mest presserende som er længden af tid, der kræves til at opnå maksimal væv klarhed12. I den aktuelle undersøg...

Et grundlæggende mål for videnskabelige og kliniske undersøgelse indebærer at nå en fuldstændig forståelse af organ struktur og funktion; imidlertid fungerer overordentlig komplekse karakter af pattedyr organer ofte som en barriere for fuldt ud at nå dette mål1. KLARHED (klart Lipid-udvekslet acrylamid-hybridiseret stive Imaging-kompatible Tisssue-hYdrogel)2,3,4, der indebærer etablering af en acrylamid-baserede hydrogel hybrid fra intakt væv, opnår optisk clearance af en lang række organer, herunder hjerne, lever og milt, samtidig bevare deres strukturelle integritet5. KLARHED har således gjort det muligt ikke kun visualisering, men også mulighed for at fint dissekere komplekse mobilnetværk og væv morfologier uden behov for skæring.
For at opnå væv clearance, beskæftiger klarhed elektroforese metoder til at fjerne lipid-indholdet i prøven ved hånden. Mens klarhed er blevet bemærket for at producere fysisk stabilt væv-hydrogel hybrider, undersøgelser har vist, at brugen af elektroforese væv clearing (osv) metoder giver variable resultater kvalitativt væv, herunder browning, epitop skade, og protein tab5,6. For at løse disse problemer, blevet modificeret protokoller såsom PAGTEN (passiv klarhed teknik), som erstatter den osv behandling med en passiv, ionisk-rengøringsmiddel baseret delipidation teknik, udviklede7,8,9. På trods af at opnå en større konsistens i resultater, men kræver PAGTEN mere tid til at opnå maksimal frihøjde. Desuden, ingen af disse teknikker er endnu blevet anvendt til hele CNS form eller i større gnavere modeller som rotter og marsvin.
Den nuværende undersøgelse søger at imødegå disse begrænsninger ved at foreslå nye metoder, psPACT (proces-separat PAGTEN) og IRKNING (modificerede PAGT), for at lette den hurtig clearance af hele CNS og indre organer i både mus og rotter modeller10. Specifikt, psPACT processer væv i 4% acrylamid og 0,25% VA-044 i to adskilte trin under hydrogel dannelse; IRKNING væsentlige indebærer de samme trin, men supplerer SDS-baserede clearing løsning med 0,5% α-thioglycerol som et centralt reagens. Begge teknikker udnytte de endogene systemiske og cerebrospinal kredsløbssystemet for at reducere den tid at producere optiske clearance. Som et bevis for princip demonstrere vi brugen af Konfokal mikroskopi til at analysere blodkar mønstre i ryddet væv10.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)</td>
			<td>Affymetrix, Inc.</td>
			<td>75819</td>
			<td>Clearing solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nycodenz</td>
			<td>Axia-Shield</td>
			<td>1002424</td>
			<td>nRIMS solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>40% Acrylamide Solution</td>
			<td>Bio Rad Laboratories, Inc.</td>
			<td>161-0140</td>
			<td>Polymerization (A4P0)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,2&#180;-Azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] Dihydrochloride</td>
			<td>Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.</td>
			<td>017-19362</td>
			<td>Polymerization (VA-044)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-Thioglycerol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M1753-100ML</td>
			<td>Clearing solution (mPACT)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween-20</td>
			<td>Georgiachem</td>
			<td>9005-64-5</td>
			<td>nRIMS solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8787-50ML</td>
			<td>Immuno Staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>Bovogen</td>
			<td>BSA100</td>
			<td>Immuno Staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>375095</td>
			<td>Perfusion (PBS)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium azide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S2002-25G</td>
			<td>nRIMS solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PECAM-CD31 antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.</td>
			<td>sc-28188</td>
			<td>Immuno Staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-rabbit-IgG Cy3 fluorescent conjugate</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch Inc.</td>
			<td>111-165-003</td>
			<td>Immuno Staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4% Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Tech &#38; Innovation</td>
			<td>BPP-9004</td>
			<td>Perfusion, Polymerization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20X Phosphate Buffered Saline (pH 7.4)</td>
			<td>Tech &#38; Innovation</td>
			<td>BPB-9121</td>
			<td>Perfusion, Buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mL stripette</td>
			<td>Coatar</td>
			<td>4488</td>
			<td>Solution transfer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL tube</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>352070</td>
			<td>Clearing tube</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35 mm Cell culture dish</td>
			<td>SPL</td>
			<td>20035</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal dish</td>
			<td>SPL</td>
			<td>211350</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL syringe</td>
			<td>Korea vaccine Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>26G 1/2</td>
			<td>Anesthetize&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL syringe</td>
			<td>Korea vaccine Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>21G1 1/4</td>
			<td>Perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acrylamide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A3553</td>
			<td>Polymerization (A4P0)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Whatman 3MM paper</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z270849</td>
			<td>Blotting paper for gel removal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>LSM780</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ZEN lite Software</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>ZEN 2012</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td>Longerpump</td>
			<td>BT100-1F</td>
			<td>Perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EasyGel</td>
			<td>Lifecanvas Technologies</td>
			<td>EasyGel</td>
			<td>Tissue gel hybridization system</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

novel passive clearing methods for the rapid production of optical transparency in whole cns tissue

Siden udviklingen af klarhed, en bioelectrochemical clearing teknik der giver mulighed for tre-dimensionelle fænotype kortlægning i gennemsigtige væv, et væld af roman clearing metoder herunder CUBIC (klar og uhindret brain imaging cocktails og beregningsmæssige analyse), SWITCH (ordning-omfattende kontrol af interaktion tid) og kinetik for kemikalier, kort (forstørret analyse af proteomet) og PAGTEN (passiv klarhed teknik), er blevet etableret til at udvide den eksisterende toolkit for de mikroskopisk analyse af biologisk væv. Nuværende undersøgelse har til formål at forbedre og optimere den oprindelige PAGT procedure for en bred vifte af intakt gnaver væv, herunder hele centralnervesystemet (CNS), nyrer, milt og hele musen embryoner. Kaldes psPACT (proces-separat PAGTEN) og IRKNING (modificerede PAGT), er disse nye teknikker meget virkningsfuldt middel til kortlægning celle kredsløb og visualisere subcellulært strukturer i intakt normal og patologisk væv. I den følgende protokol giver vi en detaljeret, trinvis skitse på hvordan man opnår maximal væv clearance med minimal invasion af deres strukturelle integritet via psPACT og rk.

Generation af en gennemsigtig model af hele CNS ved hjælp af optimeret passiv clearing teknikker
Optisk clearance af mus og rotter hele CNS væv blev hurtigt opnået ved hjælp af forskellige passive clearing teknikker (figur 1). En skematisk af væv clearing over tid er vist i figur 2A. I modsætning til den oprindelige PAGT metode indebærer psPACT (...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Novel Passive Clearing Methods for the Rapid Production of Optical Transparency in Whole CNS Tissue at JoVE.com

Novel Passive Clearing Methods for the Rapid Production of Optical Transparency in Whole CNS Tissue

Roman passiv Clearing metoder til hurtig fremstilling af optiske gennemsigtighed i hele CNS væv

Her præsenterer vi to nye metoder, psPACT og IRKNING, for at opnå maksimal optisk gennemsigtighed og efterfølgende mikroskopisk analyse af væv Vaskulaturen i intakt gnaver hele CNS.

Since the development of CLARITY, a bioelectrochemical clearing technique that allows for three-dimensional phenotype mapping within transparent tissues, ...

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Hurtig Mikro-iontophoresis af glutamat og GABA: et nyttigt redskab til Undersøge Synaptic Integration

One of the fundamental interests in neuroscience is to understand the integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs along the very complex structure of ...

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The rodent retina is perhaps the most accessible mammalian system in which to investigate neurovascular interplay within the central nervous system (CNS). ...

Optical Clearing of the Mouse Central Nervous System Using Passive CLARITY

Optisk Clearing af Mouse centralnervesystemet Brug Passiv CLARITY

Traditionally, tissue visualization has required that the tissue of interest be serially sectioned and imaged, subjecting each tissue section to unique ...

A Simple One-step Dissection Protocol for Whole-mount Preparation of Adult Drosophila Brains

A Simple One-step Dissection Protocol for Whole-mount Preparation of Adult Drosophila Brains

En simpel en-trin Dissektion Protokol for Whole-mount Forberedelse af Voksen<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Brains

There is an increasing interest in using Drosophila to model human brain degenerative diseases, map neuronal circuitries in adult brains, and study the ...

Methods for the Discovery of Novel Compounds Modulating a Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Type A Neurotransmission

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This manuscript presents a step-by-step protocol for screening compounds at gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors and its use towards the ...

A Hydrophobic Tissue Clearing Method for Rat Brain Tissue

En hydrofobisk vævsclearingmetode til rottehjernevæv

Hydrophobic tissue clearing methods are easily adjustable, fast, and low-cost procedures that allows for the study of a molecule of interest in unaltered ...

Immunostaining of Whole-Mount Retinas with the CLARITY Tissue Clearing Method

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The tissue hydrogel delipidation method (CLARITY), originally developed by the Deisseroth laboratory, has been modified and widely used for immunostaining ...

Imaging and Quantification of Intact Neuronal Dendrites via CLARITY Tissue Clearing

Billeddannelse og kvantificering af intakte neuronale dendritter via CLARITY Tissue Clearing

Brain activity, the electrochemical signals passed between neurons, is determined by the connectivity patterns of neuronal networks, and from the ...

A Tissue Clearing Method for Neuronal Imaging from Mesoscopic to Microscopic Scales

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A detailed protocol is provided here to visualize neuronal structures from mesoscopic to microscopic levels in brain tissues. Neuronal structures ranging ...