Name: novel passive clearing methods for the rapid production of optical transparency in whole cns tissue
Uploaded: 2018-05-08T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Novel Passive Clearing Methods for the Rapid Production of Optical Transparency in Whole CNS Tissue at JoVE.com

Dette arbeidet ble støttet av hjernen Korea 21 pluss prosjektet for medisinsk vitenskap, Yonsei universitet. I tillegg ble dette arbeidet støttet av et stipend fra det nasjonale Research Foundation av Korea (NRF-2017R1D1A1B03030315).

Alle prosedyrer er godkjent av den aktuelle forskning etiske komiteen ved Yonsei University College of Medicine. Alle forsøksdyr er ofret i henhold til veiledning av laboratoriet dyr omsorg ved Yonsei University College of Medicine.
1. forberedelse av reagenser
Advarsel: Paraformaldehyde (PFA), akrylamid og natrium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) er giftig irritanter og dermed skal håndteres i avtrekksvifte med riktig personlig verneutstyr (PVU, laboratoriefrakk, hansker, ver...

<ol>
	<li>Zhu, X., Xia, Y., Wang, X., Si, K., Gong, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+brain+imaging:+A+powerful+tool+for+neuroscience.">Optical brain imaging: A powerful tool for neuroscience.</a> Neurosci Bull. 33 (1), 95-102 (2017).</li><li>Chung, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+and+molecular+interrogation+of+intact+biological+systems.">Structural and molecular interrogation of intact biological systems.</a> Nature. 497 (7449), 332-337 (2013).</li><li>Tomer, R., Ye, L., Hsueh, B., Deisseroth, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advanced+CLARITY+for+rapid+and+high-resolution+imaging+of+intact+tissues.">Advanced CLARITY for rapid and high-resolution imaging of intact tissues.</a> Nat Protoc. 9 (7), 1682-1697 (2014).</li><li>Feng, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CLARITY+reveals+dynamics+of+ovarian+follicular+architecture+and+vasculature+in+three-dimensions.">CLARITY reveals dynamics of ovarian follicular architecture and vasculature in three-dimensions.</a> Sci Rep. 7, 44810 (2017).</li><li>Lee, H., Park, J. H., Seo, I., Park, S. H., Kim, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+application+of+the+electrophoretic+tissue+clearing+technology,+CLARITY,+to+intact+solid+organs+including+brain,+pancreas,+liver,+kidney,+lung,+and+intestine.">Improved application of the electrophoretic tissue clearing technology, CLARITY, to intact solid organs including brain, pancreas, liver, kidney, lung, and intestine.</a> BMC Dev Biol. 14, 48 (2014).</li><li>Jensen, K. H. R., Berg, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+and+perspectives+in+tissue+clearing+using+CLARITY.">Advances and perspectives in tissue clearing using CLARITY.</a> J Chem Neuroanat. 86, 19-34 (2017).</li><li>Treweek, J. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole-body+tissue+stabilization+and+selective+extractions+via+tissue-hydrogel+hybrids+for+high-resolution+intact+circuit+mapping+and+phenotyping.">Whole-body tissue stabilization and selective extractions via tissue-hydrogel hybrids for high-resolution intact circuit mapping and phenotyping.</a> Nat Protoc. 10 (11), 1860-1896 (2015).</li><li>Yang, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+phenotyping+within+transparent+intact+tissue+through+whole-body+clearing.">Single-cell phenotyping within transparent intact tissue through whole-body clearing.</a> Cell. 158 (4), 945-958 (2014).</li><li>Neckel, P. H., Mattheus, U., Hirt, B., Just, L., Mack, A. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+tissue+clearing+(PACT):+Technical+evaluation+and+new+perspectives+in+immunofluorescence,+histology,+and+ultrastructure.">Large-scale tissue clearing (PACT): Technical evaluation and new perspectives in immunofluorescence, histology, and ultrastructure.</a> Sci Rep. 6, 34331 (2016).</li><li>Woo, J., Lee, M., Seo, J. M., Park, H. S., Cho, Y. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+the+optical+transparency+of+rodent+tissues+by+modified+PACT-based+passive+clearing.">Optimization of the optical transparency of rodent tissues by modified PACT-based passive clearing.</a> Exp Mol Med. 48 (12), 274 (2016).</li><li>Gage, G. J., Kipke, D. R., Shain, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole+animal+perfusion+fixation+for+rodents.">Whole animal perfusion fixation for rodents.</a> J Vis Exp. (65), (2012).</li><li>Roberts, D. G., Johnsonbaugh, H. B., Spence, R. D., MacKenzie-Graham, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+clearing+of+the+mouse+central+nervous+system+using+passive+CLARITY.">Optical clearing of the mouse central nervous system using passive CLARITY.</a> J Vis Exp. (112), (2016).</li><li>Ke, M. T., Fujimoto, S., Imai, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SeeDB:+A+simple+and+morphology-preserving+optical+clearing+agent+for+neuronal+circuit+reconstruction.">SeeDB: A simple and morphology-preserving optical clearing agent for neuronal circuit reconstruction.</a> Nat Neurosci. 16 (8), 1154-1161 (2013).</li><li>Choi, B. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+expression+of+the+receptor+for+advanced+glycation+end+products+in+neurons+and+astrocytes+in+a+triple+transgenic+mouse+model+of+Alzheimer's+disease.">Increased expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products in neurons and astrocytes in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.</a> Exp Mol Med. 46, 75 (2014).</li><li>Chang, D. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contralaterally+transplanted+human+embryonic+stem+cell-derived+neural+precursor+cells+(ENStem-A)+migrate+and+improve+brain+functions+in+stroke-damaged+rats.">Contralaterally transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor cells (ENStem-A) migrate and improve brain functions in stroke-damaged rats.</a> Exp Mol Med. 45, 53 (2013).</li><li>Kim, T. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+differential+plaque+depositions+in+the+brains+of+Tg2576+and+Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9+transgenic+mouse+models+of+Alzheimer+disease.">Analysis of differential plaque depositions in the brains of Tg2576 and Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer disease.</a> Exp Mol Med. 44 (8), 492-502 (2012).</li><li>Kinameri, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prdm+proto-oncogene+transcription+factor+family+expression+and+interaction+with+the+Notch-Hes+pathway+in+mouse+neurogenesis.">Prdm proto-oncogene transcription factor family expression and interaction with the Notch-Hes pathway in mouse neurogenesis.</a> PLoS One. 3 (12), e3859 (2008).</li></ol>

Mens metodene passive, ikke-electrophoretic utvinning ansatt i forbedret PAKTEN konsistens med tidligere vev fjerne metoder som KLARHET2,3,4,7 , 8, teknikken fortsatt bærer flere svakheter, de mest presserende som er tiden som kreves for å oppnå maksimal vev klarhet12. I denne studien presenterer vi endret PAKTEN protokoller som redu...

En grunnleggende målet med vitenskapelige og kliniske forespørsel innebærer å oppnå en fullstendig forståelse av orgel struktur og funksjon; imidlertid fungerer meget komplisert natur pattedyr organer ofte som en barriere å fullt oppnå denne mål1. KLARHET (klart Lipid-byttet akrylamid-hybridiserte stive Imaging-kompatible Tisssue-hYdrogel)2,3,4, som involverer en akrylamid-baserte hydrogel hybrid fra intakt vev, oppnår optisk klarering av forskjellige organer, inkludert hjernen, leveren og milten, samtidig som deres konstruksjonssikkerhet5. KLARHET har dermed aktivert ikke bare visualisering, men også muligheten til å fint dissekere komplekse mobilnettverk og vev morphologies uten behov for snitting.
For å oppnå vev klaring, sysselsetter KLARHET electrophoretic metodene for å fjerne lipid innholdet i utvalget for hånden. Mens KLARHET har vært nevnt for å produsere fysisk stabil vev-hydrogel hybrider, studier har vist at bruken av electrophoretic vev clearing (ETC) metoder gir variable resultater i vevet kvalitet, inkludert browning, epitope skade, og protein tap5,6. For å løse disse problemene, har endret protokoller som PAKTEN (passiv klarhet teknikk), som erstatter ETC behandling med en passiv, jonisk-rengjøringsmiddel basert delipidation teknikk, vært utviklet7,8,9. Til tross for å oppnå en mer konsekvent resultater, men krever PAKTEN mer tid å få maksimal klaring. Videre er ingen av disse teknikkene enda brukt i hele CNS-skjemaet eller i større gnager modeller som rotter og marsvin.
Studien søker å håndtere disse begrensningene ved å foreslå nye metoder, psPACT (prosess-atskilt PAKTEN) og mPACT (endret PAKTEN), for å tilrettelegge rask rydding av hele CNS og indre organer i både mus og rotte modeller10. Spesielt psPACT behandler vev i 4% akrylamid og 0,25% VA-044 i to separate trinn under hydrogel formasjon; mPACT i hovedsak innebærer de samme trinnene, men kosttilskudd SDS-baserte clearing løsningen med 0,5% α-thioglycerol som en nøkkel reagens. Begge teknikkene utnytte de endogene systemisk og cerebrospinal sirkulasjons systemene for å redusere tiden det tar å produsere optisk klaring. Som et bevis på prinsippet viser vi bruk av AC confocal mikroskopi analysere blodkar mønstre i ryddet vev10.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)</td>
			<td>Affymetrix, Inc.</td>
			<td>75819</td>
			<td>Clearing solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nycodenz</td>
			<td>Axia-Shield</td>
			<td>1002424</td>
			<td>nRIMS solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>40% Acrylamide Solution</td>
			<td>Bio Rad Laboratories, Inc.</td>
			<td>161-0140</td>
			<td>Polymerization (A4P0)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,2&#180;-Azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] Dihydrochloride</td>
			<td>Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.</td>
			<td>017-19362</td>
			<td>Polymerization (VA-044)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-Thioglycerol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M1753-100ML</td>
			<td>Clearing solution (mPACT)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween-20</td>
			<td>Georgiachem</td>
			<td>9005-64-5</td>
			<td>nRIMS solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8787-50ML</td>
			<td>Immuno Staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>Bovogen</td>
			<td>BSA100</td>
			<td>Immuno Staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>375095</td>
			<td>Perfusion (PBS)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium azide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S2002-25G</td>
			<td>nRIMS solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PECAM-CD31 antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.</td>
			<td>sc-28188</td>
			<td>Immuno Staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-rabbit-IgG Cy3 fluorescent conjugate</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch Inc.</td>
			<td>111-165-003</td>
			<td>Immuno Staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4% Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Tech &#38; Innovation</td>
			<td>BPP-9004</td>
			<td>Perfusion, Polymerization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20X Phosphate Buffered Saline (pH 7.4)</td>
			<td>Tech &#38; Innovation</td>
			<td>BPB-9121</td>
			<td>Perfusion, Buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mL stripette</td>
			<td>Coatar</td>
			<td>4488</td>
			<td>Solution transfer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL tube</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>352070</td>
			<td>Clearing tube</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35 mm Cell culture dish</td>
			<td>SPL</td>
			<td>20035</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal dish</td>
			<td>SPL</td>
			<td>211350</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL syringe</td>
			<td>Korea vaccine Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>26G 1/2</td>
			<td>Anesthetize&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL syringe</td>
			<td>Korea vaccine Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>21G1 1/4</td>
			<td>Perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acrylamide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A3553</td>
			<td>Polymerization (A4P0)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Whatman 3MM paper</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z270849</td>
			<td>Blotting paper for gel removal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>LSM780</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ZEN lite Software</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>ZEN 2012</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td>Longerpump</td>
			<td>BT100-1F</td>
			<td>Perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EasyGel</td>
			<td>Lifecanvas Technologies</td>
			<td>EasyGel</td>
			<td>Tissue gel hybridization system</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

novel passive clearing methods for the rapid production of optical transparency in whole cns tissue

Siden utviklingen av KLARHET, en bioelectrochemical fjerne teknikk som gir tredimensjonale fenotypen kartlegging i gjennomsiktig vev, en rekke romanen clearing metoder inkludert KUBIKKMETER (klar og uhindret hjernen imaging cocktailer og beregningsorientert analyse), SWITCH (systemomfattende kontroll samhandling tid) og kinetics av kjemikalier, kart (forstørret analyse av proteom) og PAKTEN (passiv klarhet teknikk), er etablert for å ytterligere utvide et eksisterende verktøysett for mikroskopisk analyse av biologisk vev. Dagens studie sikte på å forbedre og optimalisere opprinnelige PAKTEN prosedyren for en rekke intakt gnager vev, inkludert hele sentralnervesystemet (CNS), nyrer, milt og hele mouse embryoer. Kalles psPACT (prosess-atskilt PAKTEN) og mPACT (endret PAKTEN), gir disse nye teknikkene svært effektiv måte å kartlegging celle krets og visualisere subcellular strukturer intakt normal og patologisk vev. I den følgende protokollen gir vi en detaljert, trinnvis oversikt på hvordan å oppnå maksimal vev klarering med minimal invasjonen av deres konstruksjonssikkerhet via psPACT og mPACT.

Generering av en gjennomsiktig modell av hele CNS bruker optimalisert passiv clearing teknikker
Optisk klarering av mus og rotten hele CNS vev ble raskt oppnådd ved hjelp av ulike passiv clearing teknikker (figur 1). En skjematisk av vev fjerne over tid vises i figur 2A. I motsetning til den opprinnelige pakt metoden innebærer psPACT (prosess-atskilt ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Novel Passive Clearing Methods for the Rapid Production of Optical Transparency in Whole CNS Tissue at JoVE.com

Novel Passive Clearing Methods for the Rapid Production of Optical Transparency in Whole CNS Tissue

Romanen passiv fjerne metoder for rask produksjon av optisk åpenhet i hele CNS vev

Her presenterer vi to nye metoder, psPACT og mPACT, for å oppnå maksimal optisk åpenhet og påfølgende microscopic analyse av vev blodkar i intakt gnager hele CNS.

Since the development of CLARITY, a bioelectrochemical clearing technique that allows for three-dimensional phenotype mapping within transparent tissues, ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Methods for Experimental Manipulations after Optic Nerve Transection in the Mammalian CNS

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are CNS neurons that output visual information from the retina to the brain, via the optic nerve. The optic nerve can be ...

Fast Micro-iontophoresis of Glutamate and GABA: A Useful Tool to Investigate Synaptic Integration

Fast Micro-iontoforese av glutamat og GABA: Et nyttig verktøy for å etterforske Synaptic Integration

One of the fundamental interests in neuroscience is to understand the integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs along the very complex structure of ...

Assessment of Vascular Regeneration in the CNS Using the Mouse Retina

Assessment of Vascular Regeneration i CNS Bruke musen Retina

The rodent retina is perhaps the most accessible mammalian system in which to investigate neurovascular interplay within the central nervous system (CNS). ...

Optical Clearing of the Mouse Central Nervous System Using Passive CLARITY

Optisk Clearing av musen sentralnervesystemet Bruke Passiv CLARITY

Traditionally, tissue visualization has required that the tissue of interest be serially sectioned and imaged, subjecting each tissue section to unique ...

A Simple One-step Dissection Protocol for Whole-mount Preparation of Adult Drosophila Brains

A Simple One-step Dissection Protocol for Whole-mount Preparation of Adult Drosophila Brains

En enkel ett-trinns Dissection Protokoll for Whole-mount Utarbeidelse av Adult<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Brains

There is an increasing interest in using Drosophila to model human brain degenerative diseases, map neuronal circuitries in adult brains, and study the ...

Methods for the Discovery of Novel Compounds Modulating a Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Type A Neurotransmission

Metoder for oppdagelsen av romanen forbindelser modulerende en Gamma - Aminobutyric Acid reseptor skriver en Neurotransmission

This manuscript presents a step-by-step protocol for screening compounds at gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors and its use towards the ...

A Hydrophobic Tissue Clearing Method for Rat Brain Tissue

En hydrofob vevsryddingsmetode for rottehjernevev

Hydrophobic tissue clearing methods are easily adjustable, fast, and low-cost procedures that allows for the study of a molecule of interest in unaltered ...

Immunostaining of Whole-Mount Retinas with the CLARITY Tissue Clearing Method

Immunstaining av hel-mount netthinner med CLARITY vev clearing metode

The tissue hydrogel delipidation method (CLARITY), originally developed by the Deisseroth laboratory, has been modified and widely used for immunostaining ...

Imaging and Quantification of Intact Neuronal Dendrites via CLARITY Tissue Clearing

Avbildning og kvantifisering av intakte nevronale dendritter via CLARITY Tissue Clearing

Brain activity, the electrochemical signals passed between neurons, is determined by the connectivity patterns of neuronal networks, and from the ...

A Tissue Clearing Method for Neuronal Imaging from Mesoscopic to Microscopic Scales

En vevsryddingsmetode for nevronal avbildning fra mesoskopisk til mikroskopisk skala

A detailed protocol is provided here to visualize neuronal structures from mesoscopic to microscopic levels in brain tissues. Neuronal structures ranging ...