Name: determining if dna stained with a cyanine dye can be digested with restriction enzymes
Uploaded: 2018-02-02T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Determining if DNA Stained with a Cyanine Dye Can Be Digested with Restriction Enzymes at JoVE.com

Denne forskningen ble finansiert av National Institute for generell medisinsk vitenskap (NIGMS) (5605100122001), en del av National Institutes of Health (NIH), i tillegg til University of Nebraska Kearney (UNK) Sommer Student Research Program (SSRP) og UNK Undervisning forskningsstipend (URF).

1. forberedelse fargestoffer, buffere og Agarose Gel
<ol><li>
Klargjør følgende løsninger for farging DNA eller fordøyelsen av farget DNA.
	<ol>
<li>Forberede 1 x TE (Tris-HCl og ethylenediaminetetraacetic syre; EDTA) buffer med 10 mM Tris-HCl og 1 mM EDTA i en uteksaminert sylinder eller volumetriske kolbe. Lagre ved romtemperatur (18-25 ° C).</li>
		<li>Gjøre dele hver farge: TOTO-1, YOYO-1, POPO-1, BOBO-1, TOTO-3, YOYO-3, POPO-3, BOBO-3 (tabell 1). Pipetter 4 µL av 1 mM fargestoff inn mørk e...

<ol>
	<li>Teague, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-resolution+human+genome+structure+by+single-molecule+analysis.">High-resolution human genome structure by single-molecule analysis.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107 (24), 10848-10853 (2010).</li><li>Ananiev, G. 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L., Ravindran, P., Schwartz, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+mapping+and+nanocoding+approaches+to+whole-genome+analysis.">Optical mapping and nanocoding approaches to whole-genome analysis.</a> Microfluidics and Nanofluidics. 20 (44), 1-14 (2016).</li><li>Kounovsky-Shafer, K. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Presentation+of+large+DNA+molecules+for+analysis+as+nanoconfined+dumbbells.">Presentation of large DNA molecules for analysis as nanoconfined dumbbells.</a> Macromolecules. 46 (20), 8356-8368 (2013).</li><li>Kim, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanochannel+confinement:+DNA+stretch+approaching+full+contour+length.">Nanochannel confinement: DNA stretch approaching full contour length.</a> Lab Chip. 11 (10), 1721-1729 (2011).</li><li>Yu, H., Jo, K., Kounovsky, K. L., de Pablo, J. J., Schwartz, D. 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Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gradient+nanostructures+for+interfacing+microfluidics+and+nanofluidics.">Gradient nanostructures for interfacing microfluidics and nanofluidics.</a> Applied Physics Letters. 81 (16), 3058-3060 (2002).</li><li>Gupta, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-molecule+analysis+reveals+widespread+structural+variation+in+multiple+myeloma.">Single-molecule analysis reveals widespread structural variation in multiple myeloma.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 112 (25), 7689-7694 (2015).</li><li>Wu, C. W., Schramm, T. M., Zhou, S., Schwartz, D. C., Talaat, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+mapping+of+the+Mycobacterium+avium+subspecies+paratuberculosis+genome.">Optical mapping of the Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis genome.</a> BMC Genomics. 10, 25 (2009).</li><li>Jo, K., Schramm, T. M., Schwartz, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+single-molecule+barcoding+system+using+nanoslits+for+DNA+analysis+:+nanocoding.">A single-molecule barcoding system using nanoslits for DNA analysis : nanocoding.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 544, 29-42 (2009).</li><li>Jo, K., Chen, Y. L., de Pablo, J. J., Schwartz, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Elongation+and+migration+of+single+DNA+molecules+in+microchannels+using+oscillatory+shear+flows.">Elongation and migration of single DNA molecules in microchannels using oscillatory shear flows.</a> Lab Chip. 9 (16), 2348-2355 (2009).</li><li>Jo, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+single-molecule+barcoding+system+using+nanoslits+for+DNA+analysis.">A single-molecule barcoding system using nanoslits for DNA analysis.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104 (8), 2673-2678 (2007).</li><li>Reccius, C. H., Mannion, J. T., Cross, J. D., Craighead, H. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Compression+and+free+expansion+of+single+DNA+molecules+in+nanochannels.">Compression and free expansion of single DNA molecules in nanochannels.</a> Phys Rev Lett. 95 (26), 268101 (2005).</li><li>Staerk, D., Hamed, A. A., Pedersen, E. B., Jacobsen, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bisintercalation+of+homodimeric+thiazole+orange+dyes+in+DNA:+effect+of+modifying+the+linker.">Bisintercalation of homodimeric thiazole orange dyes in DNA: effect of modifying the linker.</a> Bioconjug Chem. 8 (6), 869-877 (1997).</li><li>Spielmann, H. P., Wemmer, D. E., Jacobsen, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Solution+structure+of+a+DNA+complex+with+the+fluorescent+bis-intercalator+TOTO+determined+by+NMR+spectroscopy.">Solution structure of a DNA complex with the fluorescent bis-intercalator TOTO determined by NMR spectroscopy.</a> Biochemistry. 34, 8542-8553 (1995).</li><li>Carlsson, C., Jonsson, M., Akerman, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Double+bands+in+DNA+gel+electrophoresis+caused+by+bis-intercalating+dyes.">Double bands in DNA gel electrophoresis caused by bis-intercalating dyes.</a> Nucleic Acids Res. 23 (13), 2413-2420 (1995).</li><li>Kundukad, B., Yan, J., Doyle, P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+YOYO-1+on+the+mechanical+properties+of+DNA.">Effect of YOYO-1 on the mechanical properties of DNA.</a> Soft Matter. 10 (48), 9721-9728 (2014).</li><li>Technologies, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Molecular Probes Handbook: A guide to Fluorescent Probes and Labeling Technologies. , (2010).</li><li>Riehn, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Restriction+mapping+in+nanofluidic+devices.">Restriction mapping in nanofluidic devices.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 102 (29), 10012-10016 (2005).</li><li>Meng, X., Cai, W., Schwartz, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+restriction+endonuclease+activity+by+DNA+binding+fluorochromes.">Inhibition of restriction endonuclease activity by DNA binding fluorochromes.</a> J Biomol Struct Dyn. 13 (6), 945-951 (1996).</li><li>Maschmann, A., Kounovsky-Shafer, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+restriction+enzyme+activity+when+cutting+DNA+labeled+with+the+TOTO+Dye+family.">Determination of restriction enzyme activity when cutting DNA labeled with the TOTO Dye family.</a> Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. , 1-12 (2017).</li><li>Biebricker, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+impact+of+DNA+intercalators+on+DNA+and+DNA-processing+enzymes+elucidated+through+force-dependent+binding+kinetics.">The impact of DNA intercalators on DNA and DNA-processing enzymes elucidated through force-dependent binding kinetics.</a> Nature Communications. 6, 7304 (2015).</li><li>Gunther, K., Mertig, M., Seidel, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+and+structural+properties+of+YOYO-1+complexed+DNA.">Mechanical and structural properties of YOYO-1 complexed DNA.</a> Nucleic Acids Res. 38 (19), 6526-6532 (2010).</li><li>Zhou, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+clone-free,+single+molecule+map+of+the+domestic+cow+(Bos+taurus)+genome.">A clone-free, single molecule map of the domestic cow (Bos taurus) genome.</a> BMC Genomics. 16, 644 (2015).</li><li>Ray, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Discovery+of+structural+alterations+in+solid+tumor+oligodendroglioma+by+single+molecule+analysis.">Discovery of structural alterations in solid tumor oligodendroglioma by single molecule analysis.</a> BMC Genomics. 14, 505 (2013).</li><li>Chen, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome+sequence+of+the+model+medicinal+mushroom+Ganoderma+lucidum.">Genome sequence of the model medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum.</a> Nat Commun. 3, 913 (2012).</li><li>Zhou, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+single+molecule+scaffold+for+the+maize+genome.">A single molecule scaffold for the maize genome.</a> PLoS Genet. 5 (11), e1000711 (2009).</li><li>Sischka, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+mechanisms+and+kinetics+between+DNA+and+DNA+binding+ligands.">Molecular mechanisms and kinetics between DNA and DNA binding ligands.</a> Biophys J. 88 (1), 404-411 (2005).</li><li>Lee, P. 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For å fordøye fluorescently merket DNA (figur 1), en rekke trinn kreves. Først er DNA farget med en fluorochrome over natten. DNA kan være inkubert med cyanine dimers for en kortere periode; men funnet Carlsson et al. at DNA skapt dobbel band for hver DNA størrelse på grunn av ufullstendige flekker20. For å bøte på dette kan DNA være farget over natten for å unngå dobbelt band. Dette er et viktig skritt i protokollen. Hvis fargen ...

Den TOTO-serien (TOTO-1 YOYO-1, POPO-1, BOBO-1, TOTO-3, YOYO-3, POPO-3 og BOBO-3; Tabell 1) benyttes i en rekke eksperimenter hvor effekten av DNA er nødvendige1,2,3,4,5,6,7, 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17. cyanine dimer familien er utbredt på grunn av deres quantum avkastning, følsomhet og høy affinitet for DNA molekyler18,19,20. Cyanine dimer fargestoffer har stor selektivitet for double-strandet DNA og når under sommer har en 100-1000 ganger økning fluorescens21. Pyridinium fargestoffer (YOYO-1, TOTO-1, YOYO-3 og TOTO-3) har kortere utslipp bølgelengde enn deres quinolium farge (BOBO-1 POPO-1, BOBO-3 og POPO-3) kolleger (tabell 1)22. Quantum avkastningen for cyanine dimers under Sommer inn DNA er også høy (0.2 - 0,6)22. Men krever ved hjelp av et enzym bestemme metylering profilen av DNA molekylet2 eller strekke23 av en DNA-molekyl allerede beiset med fluorescerende farge en metode for å avgjøre hva enzymer vil fordøye farget DNA. Alle typer fargestoff som setter tiden inn DNA eller et enzym som gir en merkes mønster av DNA underlaget kan brukes for denne metoden.
Meng et al. først bestemt fordøyelsen frekvensen av prestained DNA gjennom gel geleelektroforese bruker en rekke forskjellige farger bare24. Maschmann et al. delved dypere for å se på TOTO familie fargestoffer. Både bestemt fordøyelsen frekvensen av farget DNA å se hvis DNA med en gitt farge kan bli fordøyd med en begrensning enzym25. Andre metoder studere bindende effektene blekemidler under sommer med DNA bruker optisk pinsett26 eller NMR27. Disse metodene krever spesialisert utstyr; mens, denne metoden tillater utstyr som de fleste molekylær biologi labs har å avgjøre om en fargestoff forstyrrer en begrensning enzym fordøyelsen.
I tillegg har andre metoder for å måle lengden på et bestemt molekyl, optisk kartlegging langstrakt unstained kvinne DNA molekyler på en overflate og fordøyd DNA for å bestemme strekk og størrelse av fragmenter. Innskudd fargestoff har vist seg å øke omkrets fluorescently farget DNA molekyler og avhengig av fargestoff brukes, kontur lengder forskjellige21. Denne metoden har blitt benyttet i en rekke genomer1,3,4,6,13,28,29,30, 31. men hvis molekyler pre farget, avhengig av fargestoff og enzym, enzymet kanskje ikke å kutte DNA med en gitt farge. Derfor bestemmer denne metoden hvis DNA med en gitt farge kan bli fordøyd med et enzym. I tillegg avhengig av konsentrasjonen av fargestoff og fargestoff brukes, mobiliteten av DNA vil band i en gel migrere saktere enn opprinnelig DNA skyldes delvis slappe av DNA ryggraden å gjøre plass til fargebad sette inn mellom base parene32 .
Men noen ganger disse fargestoffer kan delvis eller hemme helt virkningen av visse restriksjoner enzymer7,24. Dette er antatt å skyldes en strukturell endring i DNA forårsaket av at fluorescerende fargestoff, som kan forhindre enzymet gjenkjenner bestemte sekvensen. Forstå hvordan disse fargestoffer påvirker begrensning enzymer kan hjelpe eksperimenter der metylering profilen eller strekningen av farget DNA kreves.
I vår metode, var DNA farget med en fluorochrome rundt og fordøyd med en begrensning enzym. Deretter DNA var electrophoresed på en gel, fotografert, og begrensning enzym fordøyelsen hastigheten ble målt. Begrensning enzymer ble valgt basert på klippe mønster på en gel. For mange band forårsaket overlapping av DNA band og for få band gir ikke et fullstendig bilde av DNA molekylet. Det er et sweet spot å kunne avgjøre profilen til fordøyd DNA molekylet; Derfor vil det avhenge DNA brukes og enzymet. En fordel med denne metoden er dens enkelhet; det krever bare en begrensning fordøyelsen og gel geleelektroforese utstyr.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="605">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Unmethylated lambda DNA</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">NEB</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">N3013S</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">YOYO-1</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Y3601</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">TOTO-1</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>T3600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">POPO-1</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>P3580</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">BOBO-1</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>B3582</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">YOYO-3</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Y3606</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">TOTO-3</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>T3604</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">POPO-3</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>P3584</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">BamHI</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">NEB</td>
			<td>R0136S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">PmlI</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">NEB</td>
			<td>R0532S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">ScaI</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">NEB</td>
			<td>R3122S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">EcoRI&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">NEB</td>
			<td>R0101S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">HindIII</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">NEB</td>
			<td>R0104S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">SmaI</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">NEB</td>
			<td>R0141S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">Tris</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>BP152-1</td>
			<td>Irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">S316-212</td>
			<td>Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">HCl</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>S25358</td>
			<td>Corrosive and irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">Buffer 1</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">NEB</td>
			<td>B7201S</td>
			<td>NEB 1.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">Buffer 2</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">NEB</td>
			<td>B7202S</td>
			<td>NEB 2.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">Buffer 3</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">NEB</td>
			<td>B7204S</td>
			<td>NEB Cutsmart</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">High gelling temperature agarose gel</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Lonza</td>
			<td>50041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">Acetic Acid</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>S25118</td>
			<td>Hazardous</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Blue light transilluminator</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Dark Reader</td>
			<td>DR196</td>
			<td>Wear correct eyewear&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:173px;">Ethidium bromide</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>15585011</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Carcinogen; other alternatives are Nancy 520, Gel red, etc.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Cannon EOS Rebel T3I camera</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Cannon</td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Apogee Model H4</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Biorad</td>
			<td>1704510</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Power Pac Basic Power Supply</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Biorad</td>
			<td>1645050&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">Ficoll</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">BP525-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">Bromophenol blue</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">B-392</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">Xylene Cyanol</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Eastmen</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">T1579</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

determining if dna stained with a cyanine dye can be digested with restriction enzymes

Visualisering av DNA for fluorescens mikroskopi benytter en rekke fargestoffer som cyanine fargestoffer. Disse fargestoffer benyttes på grunn av deres høy affinitet og følsomhet for DNA. For å avgjøre om DNA-molekyler er full lengde etter ferdigstillelse av eksperimentet, kreves en metode å avgjøre om farget molekylene er full lengde av fordøye DNA med begrensning enzymer. Imidlertid kan farget DNA hemme enzymer, slik metode er nødvendig for å avgjøre hva enzymer som man kan bruke for fluorochrome farget DNA. I denne metoden er DNA farget med en cyanine farge over natten å la fargestoffet og DNA å equilibrate. Neste, farget DNA fordøyd med en begrensning enzym, lastes inn i en gel og electrophoresed. Eksperimentell DNA digest band er sammenlignet med en i sili digest å bestemme begrensning enzymaktiviteten. Hvis det er like mange band som forventet, så er reaksjonen fullført. Flere band enn forventet angir delvis fordøyelsen og mindre band angir ufullstendig fordøyelsen. Fordelen med denne metoden er dens enkelhet og den bruker utstyr som en vitenskapsmann ville nød for en begrensning enzym analysen og gel geleelektroforese. En begrensning av denne metoden er at enzymer tilgjengelig for de fleste forskere er kommersielt tilgjengelige enzym; Imidlertid kan noen begrensninger enzymer brukes.

For å avgjøre hvis en intercalating farge vil påvirke en begrensning enzym fordøye DNA, riktig rekkefølge på trinnene være fulgt (figur 1). Når DNA er farget og fordøyd med en gitt enzym, kan et bilde av gel tas til å bestemme antall fragmenter og størrelsen (figur 2). For å fastslå enzym effektiviteten, totalt antall forventede synlige bånd delt på antall synlige felt. Enzym effektivitet likeverdig enhet, hvis ant...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Determining if DNA Stained with a Cyanine Dye Can Be Digested with Restriction Enzymes at JoVE.com

Determining if DNA Stained with a Cyanine Dye Can Be Digested with Restriction Enzymes

Farging DNA molekyler for fluorescens mikroskopi kan en forsker for å vise dem i et eksperiment. Metoden som presenteres her, er DNA molekyler pre beiset med fluorescerende fargestoffer og fordøyd med metylering og ikke-metylering følsom begrensning enzymer.

Å avgjøre hvis DNA farget med en Cyanine Dye kan bli fordøyd med begrensning enzymer

Visualization of DNA for fluorescence microscopy utilizes a variety of dyes such as cyanine dyes. These dyes are utilized due to their high affinity and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Sheathless Capillary Electrophoresis&#8211;Mass Spectrometry for Metabolic Profiling of Biological Samples

Sheathless Capillary ElectrophoresisÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œMass Spectrometry for Metabolic Profiling of Biological Samples

Sheathless Kapillær elektroforese-massespektrometri for Metabolsk profilering av biologiske prøver

In metabolomics, a wide range of analytical techniques is used for the global profiling of (endogenous) metabolites in complex samples. In this paper, a ...

Imaging Amyloid Tissues Stained with Luminescent Conjugated Oligothiophenes by Hyperspectral Confocal Microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging

Imaging Amyloid vev beiset med selvlysende konjugert Oligothiophenes av hyperspektral AC Confocal mikroskopi og fluorescens levetid bildebehandling

Proteins that deposit as amyloid in tissues throughout the body can be the cause or consequence of a large number of diseases. Among these we find ...

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution

Dual DNA herskere å studere mekanismen for ribosom translokasjon med single-nukleotid oppløsning

The ribosome translocation refers to the ribosomal movement on the mRNA by exactly three nucleotides (nt), which is the central step in protein synthesis. ...

Characterizing Cellular Proteins with In-cell Fast Photochemical Oxidation of Proteins

Karakterisere cellulære proteiner med i cellfast fotokjemisk oksidasjon av proteiner

Fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP) is a hydroxyl radical protein footprinting method used to characterize protein structure and interactions. ...

Cryo-EM and Single-Particle Analysis with Scipion

Kryo-EM og enkeltpartikkelanalyse med scipion

Cryo-electron microscopy has become one of the most important tools in biological research to reveal the structural information of macromolecules at ...

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors

Kontinuerlig fluorescensbasert endonukleasekoblet DNA-metyleringsanalyse for å screene for DNA-metyltransferasehemmere

DNA methylation, a form of epigenetic gene regulation, is important for normal cellular function. In cells, proteins called DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) ...

Preparation of Nucleosome Core Particles Complexed with DNA Repair Factors for Cryo-Electron Microscopy Structural Determination

Fremstilling av nukleosomkjernepartikler kompleksert med DNA-reparasjonsfaktorer for kryo-elektronmikroskopi strukturell bestemmelse

DNA repair in the context of chromatin is poorly understood. Biochemical studies using nucleosome core particles, the fundamental repeating unit of ...

Determining the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Association of a DNA Aptamer and Tetracycline Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry

Bestemme den termodynamiske og kinetiske assosiasjonen til en DNA-aptamer og tetracyklin ved bruk av isotermisk titreringskalorimetri

The determination of binding affinity and behavior between an aptamer and its target is the most crucial step in selecting and using an aptamer for ...

Measuring Ubiquitylated, SUMOylated, and ADP-Ribosylated DNA-Protein Crosslinks

Quantitative Detection of DNA-Protein Crosslinks and Their Post-Translational Modifications

Quantitative Detection of DNA Protein Crosslinks and Their Post-Translational Modifications (Video) | JoVE 

Kvantitativ deteksjon av DNA-protein-tverrbindinger og deres posttranslasjonelle modifikasjoner

DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) are frequent, ubiquitous, and deleterious DNA lesions, which arise from endogenous DNA damage, enzyme (topoisomerases, ...

Assessing Hepatic Steatosis with 3D Fluorescence Lipid Droplet Reconstruction

Analysis of Fluorescent-Stained Lipid Droplets with 3D Reconstruction for Hepatic Steatosis Assessment

Analysis of Fluorescent-Stained Lipid Droplets with 3D Reconstruction for Hepatic Steatosis Assessment (Video) | JoVE 

Analyse av fluorescerende fargede lipiddråper med 3D-rekonstruksjon for vurdering av leversteatose

Lipid droplets (LDs) are specialized organelles that mediate lipid storage and play a very important role in suppressing lipotoxicity and preventing ...