Name: an in vivo assessment of blood-brain barrier disruption in a rat model of ischemic stroke
Uploaded: 2018-03-11T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An In Vivo Assessment of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke at JoVE.com

Forfatterne er taknemmelige at vicekansler for forskning af Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (Ardabil, Iran) den finansielle støtte (indrømme ingen: 9607).

Alle procedurer blev udført i overensstemmelse med retningslinjerne i Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Research Council for udførelse af dyreforsøg (etiske id-nummer: IR. ARUMS. REC.1394.08). I denne visualiseret undersøgelse, brugte vi voksne mandlige Sprague-Dawley rotter (300-350 g) fremstillet af græs Institute (Teheran, Iran).
1. anæstesi og Flowmetry
<ol><li>Fremkalde anæstesi ved hjælp af 4% isofluran og opretholde det med isofluran (1-1,5%) i en blanding af lattergas (7...

<ol>
	<li>Jin, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protecting+against+cerebrovascular+injury:+contributions+of+12/15-lipoxygenase+to+edema+formation+after+transient+focal+ischemia.">Protecting against cerebrovascular injury: contributions of 12/15-lipoxygenase to edema formation after transient focal ischemia.</a> Stroke. 39 (9), 2538-2543 (2008).</li><li>Lo, E. H., Dalkara, T., Moskowitz, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms,+challenges+and+opportunities+in+stroke.">Mechanisms, challenges and opportunities in stroke.</a> Nat Rev Neurosci. 4 (5), 399-415 (2003).</li><li>Tam, S. J., Watts, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Connecting+vascular+and+nervous+system+development:+angiogenesis+and+the+blood-brain+barrier.">Connecting vascular and nervous system development: angiogenesis and the blood-brain barrier.</a> Annu Rev Neurosci. 33, 379-408 (2010).</li><li>Zhang, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+potential+use+of+H102+peptide-loaded+dual-functional+nanoparticles+in+the+treatment+of+Alzheimer's+disease.">The potential use of H102 peptide-loaded dual-functional nanoparticles in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.</a> J Control Release. , (2014).</li><li>Obermeier, B., Daneman, R., Ransohoff, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development,+maintenance+and+disruption+of+the+blood-brain+barrier.">Development, maintenance and disruption of the blood-brain barrier.</a> Nat Med. 19 (12), 1584-1596 (2013).</li><li>Fang, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Attenuated+Blood-Brain+Barrier+Dysfunction+by+XQ-1H+Following+Ischemic+Stroke+in+Hyperlipidemic+Rats.">Attenuated Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction by XQ-1H Following Ischemic Stroke in Hyperlipidemic Rats.</a> Mol Neurobiol. 52 (1), 162-175 (2015).</li><li>Huang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CXCR4+antagonist+AMD3100+protects+blood-brain+barrier+integrity+and+reduces+inflammatory+response+after+focal+ischemia+in+mice.">CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 protects blood-brain barrier integrity and reduces inflammatory response after focal ischemia in mice.</a> Stroke. 44 (1), 190-197 (2013).</li><li>Omidi, Y., Barar, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impacts+of+blood-brain+barrier+in+drug+delivery+and+targeting+of+brain+tumors.">Impacts of blood-brain barrier in drug delivery and targeting of brain tumors.</a> Bioimpacts. 2 (1), 5-22 (2012).</li><li>Cho, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+blood-brain+barrier+model+for+in+vitro+studies+of+neurovascular+pathology.">Three-dimensional blood-brain barrier model for in vitro studies of neurovascular pathology.</a> Sci Rep. 5, (2015).</li><li>Barar, J., Rafi, M. A., Pourseif, M. M., Omidi, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood-brain+barrier+transport+machineries+and+targeted+therapy+of+brain+diseases.">Blood-brain barrier transport machineries and targeted therapy of brain diseases.</a> Bioimpacts. 6 (4), 225-248 (2016).</li><li>Kaya, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnesium+sulfate+attenuates+increased+blood-brain+barrier+permeability+during+insulin-induced+hypoglycemia+in+rats.">Magnesium sulfate attenuates increased blood-brain barrier permeability during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in rats.</a> Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 79 (9), 793-798 (2001).</li><li>Pasban, E., Panahpour, H., Vahdati, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+oxygen+therapy+does+not+protect+the+brain+from+vasogenic+edema+following+acute+ischemic+stroke+in+adult+male+rats.">Early oxygen therapy does not protect the brain from vasogenic edema following acute ischemic stroke in adult male rats.</a> Sci Rep. 7 (1), 3221 (2017).</li><li>Haghnejad Azar, A., Oryan, S., Bohlooli, S., Panahpour, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alpha-Tocopherol+Reduces+Brain+Edema+and+Protects+Blood-Brain+Barrier+Integrity+following+Focal+Cerebral+Ischemia+in+Rats.">Alpha-Tocopherol Reduces Brain Edema and Protects Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity following Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats.</a> Med Princ Pract. 26 (1), 17-22 (2017).</li><li>Belayev, L., Busto, R., Zhao, W., Ginsberg, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+evaluation+of+blood-brain+barrier+permeability+following+middle+cerebral+artery+occlusion+in+rats.">Quantitative evaluation of blood-brain barrier permeability following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.</a> Brain Res. 739 (1-2), 88-96 (1996).</li><li>Bodsch, W., Hossmann, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=125I-antibody+autoradiography+and+peptide+fragments+of+albumin+in+cerebral+edema.">125I-antibody autoradiography and peptide fragments of albumin in cerebral edema.</a> J Neurochem. 41 (1), 239-243 (1983).</li><li>Jiang, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+evaluation+of+BBB+permeability+after+embolic+stroke+in+rat+using+MRI.">Quantitative evaluation of BBB permeability after embolic stroke in rat using MRI.</a> J Cereb Blood FlowMetab. 25 (5), 583-592 (2005).</li><li>Ulu&#231;, K., Miranpuri, A., Kujoth, G. C., Akt&#252;re, E., Ba&#351;kaya, M. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Focal+cerebral+ischemia+model+by+endovascular+suture+occlusion+of+the+middle+cerebral+artery+in+the+rat.">Focal cerebral ischemia model by endovascular suture occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in the rat.</a> J Vis Exp. (48), (2011).</li><li>Hungerhuber, E., Zausinger, S., Westermaier, T., Plesnila, N., Schmid-Elsaesser, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+bilateral+laser+Doppler+fluxmetry+and+electrophysiological+recording+during+middle+cerebral+artery+occlusion+in+rats.">Simultaneous bilateral laser Doppler fluxmetry and electrophysiological recording during middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 154 (1-2), 109-115 (2006).</li><li>Panahpour, H., Nouri, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Post-Ischemic+Treatment+with+candesartan+protect+from+cerebral+ischemic/reperfusioninjury+in+normotensive+rats.">Post-Ischemic Treatment with candesartan protect from cerebral ischemic/reperfusioninjury in normotensive rats.</a> Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 4 (4), 286-289 (2012).</li><li>Panahpour, H., Dehghani, G. A., Bohlooli, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enalapril+attenuates+ischaemic+brain+oedema+and+protects+the+blood-brain+barrier+in+rats+via+an+anti-oxidant+action.">Enalapril attenuates ischaemic brain oedema and protects the blood-brain barrier in rats via an anti-oxidant action.</a> Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 41 (3), 220-226 (2014).</li><li>Panahpour, H., Nekooeian, A. A., Dehghani, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blockade+of+Central+Angiotensin+II+AT1+Receptor+Protects+the+Brain+from+Ischemia/Reperfusion+Injury+in+Normotensive+Rats.">Blockade of Central Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Protects the Brain from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Normotensive Rats.</a> Iran J Med Sci. 39 (6), 536-542 (2014).</li><li>Panahpour, H., Nekooeian, A. A., Dehghani, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Candesartan+attenuates+ischemic+brain+edema+and+protects+the+blood-brain+barrier+integrity+from+ischemia/reperfusion+injury+in+rats.">Candesartan attenuates ischemic brain edema and protects the blood-brain barrier integrity from ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.</a> Iran Biomed J. 18 (4), 232-238 (2014).</li><li>Kaya, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+magnesium+sulfate+on+blood-brain+barrier+disruption+caused+by+intracarotid+injection+of+hyperosmolar+mannitol+in+rats.">The effects of magnesium sulfate on blood-brain barrier disruption caused by intracarotid injection of hyperosmolar mannitol in rats.</a> Life sci. 76 (2), 201-212 (2004).</li><li>Sch&#246;ller, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+microvascular+basal+lamina+damage+and+blood-brain+barrier+dysfunction+following+subarachnoid+hemorrhage+in+rats.">Characterization of microvascular basal lamina damage and blood-brain barrier dysfunction following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.</a> Brain Res. 1142, 237-246 (2007).</li><li>Bodsch, W., Hossmann, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=125I-Antibody+Autoradiography+and+Peptide+Fragments+of+Albumin+in+Cerebral+Edema.">125I-Antibody Autoradiography and Peptide Fragments of Albumin in Cerebral Edema.</a> J Neurochem. 41 (1), 239-243 (1983).</li><li>Sandoval, K. E., Witt, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood-brain+barrier+tight+junction+permeability+and+ischemic+stroke.">Blood-brain barrier tight junction permeability and ischemic stroke.</a> Neurobiol Dis. 32 (2), 200-219 (2008).</li><li>Zhu, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Baicalin+reduces+the+permeability+of+the+blood-brain+barrier+during+hypoxia+in+vitro+by+increasing+the+expression+of+tight+junction+proteins+in+brain+microvascular+endothelial+cells.">Baicalin reduces the permeability of the blood-brain barrier during hypoxia in vitro by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins in brain microvascular endothelial cells.</a> J Ethnopharmacol. 141 (2), 714-720 (2012).</li><li>Kucuk, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+losartan+on+the+blood-brain+barrier+permeability+in+long-term+nitric+oxide+blockade-induced+hypertensive+rats.">Effects of losartan on the blood-brain barrier permeability in long-term nitric oxide blockade-induced hypertensive rats.</a> Life Sci. 71 (8), 937-946 (2002).</li><li>Uyama, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+evaluation+of+vascular+permeability+in+the+gerbil+brain+after+transient+ischemia+using+Evans+blue+fluorescence.">Quantitative evaluation of vascular permeability in the gerbil brain after transient ischemia using Evans blue fluorescence.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 8 (2), 282-284 (1988).</li><li>Kleinig, T. J., Vink, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Suppression+of+inflammation+in+ischemic+and+hemorrhagic+stroke:+therapeutic+options.">Suppression of inflammation in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: therapeutic options.</a> Curr Opin Neurol. 22 (3), 294-301 (2009).</li><li>Del Zoppo, G. J., Mabuchi, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+microvessel+responses+to+focal+ischemia.">Cerebral microvessel responses to focal ischemia.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 23 (8), 879-894 (2003).</li><li>Fluri, F., Schuhmann, M. K., Kleinschnitz, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+ischemic+stroke+and+their+application+in+clinical+research.">Animal models of ischemic stroke and their application in clinical research.</a> Drug Des Devel Ther. 9, 3445-3454 (2015).</li><li>Noor, R., Wang, C. X., Shuaib, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+hyperthermia+on+infarct+volume+in+focal+embolic+model+of+cerebral+ischemia+in+rats.">Effects of hyperthermia on infarct volume in focal embolic model of cerebral ischemia in rats.</a> Neurosci Lett. 349 (2), 130-132 (2003).</li><li>Shin, H. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mild+induced+hypertension+improves+blood+flow+and+oxygen+metabolism+in+transient+focal+cerebral+ischemia.">Mild induced hypertension improves blood flow and oxygen metabolism in transient focal cerebral ischemia.</a> Stroke. 39 (5), 1548-1555 (2008).</li><li>Bottiger, B. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+cerebral+ischemia+due+to+cardiocirculatory+arrest+in+mice+causes+neuronal+degeneration+and+early+induction+of+transcription+factor+genes+in+the+hippocampus.">Global cerebral ischemia due to cardiocirculatory arrest in mice causes neuronal degeneration and early induction of transcription factor genes in the hippocampus.</a> Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 65 (2), 135-142 (1999).</li></ol>

Hidtil, forskellige metoder såsom Autoradiografi og påvisning af radioaktive sporstoffer24,25, immunofluorescens mikroskopi26,27, og EB ekstravasation teknik20, 23 har været brugt til at evaluere den blod - hjerne barriere skade. EB farvestof er stærkt stand til at binde til serum albumin og bruges som røbestof til påvisning af vaskulær l?...

Vasogenic hjerneødem på grund af blod - hjerne barrieren (BBB) afbrydelse er fortsat en vigtig komplikation af iskæmisk slagtilfælde og en væsentlig faktor for overlevelsesraten i apopleksi patienter1,2. Blod - hjerne barrieren (BBB), som er dannet af hjernen kapillære endotelceller (BCECs) og består af særskilte neurovaskulære komponenter (fx stramme kryds blandt BCECs, pericytes, astroglial og neuronale celler3), giver en specialiserede og dynamisk grænseflade mellem det centrale nervesystem (CNS) og perifere blodcirkulation4,5. Fornærmelser som iskæmi-reperfusion skader kunne forstyrre BBB funktionelle integritet og føre til efterfølgende penetration af cirkulerende leukocytter i hjernen parenkym, der i sidste ende udløser cerebral betændelse og primære hjerneskader 6 , 7. dyremodeller er nødvendige for den nøjagtige påvisning af dysfunktion af BBB efter forekomst af et slagtilfælde. Sådanne modeller er af stor betydning for at studere bagvedliggende patofysiologiske mekanismer og indføre nye neuroprotektive strategier. In vitro celle kultur-baserede modeller af BBB er blevet stærkt udviklet og anvendt til molekylære studier af BBB Patofysiologi8,9,10. Ikke desto mindre, i vivo animalske modeller, som producerer iskæmisk beskadigelse af BBB svarende til humane kliniske tilstande, er også meget værdifuldt i denne henseende. Kvantitativ påvisning af ekstravasation af Evans blå (EB) er et godt anerkendte og følsom teknik, der har været anvendt til vurdering af BBB integritet og funktion i neurodegenerative sygdomme, herunder iskæmisk slagtilfælde11, 12 , 13 , 14. denne metode er omkostningseffektiv, realistisk, reproducerbare og helt gældende i et forsøgslaboratorium. Dets gennemførelse kræver ikke avancerede udstyr, såsom radioaktive sporstoffer15 eller magnetisk resonans imaging (MR)16, som er en forudsætning for andre metoder. I denne artikel viser vi grundigt grundlæggende tekniske processer af BBB vurdering ved hjælp af EB ekstravasation i rotte modeller af iskæmisk slagtilfælde.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="829">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:208px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">Piramal</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">AWN 34041100</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">20 - 25 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)</td>
			<td>Molekula</td>
			<td>31216368</td>
			<td>4 years</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Sprague&#8211;Dawley rats&#160;</td>
			<td>Pasture Institute (Tehran, Iran)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>300-350g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Evans Blue&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>314-13-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Trichloroacetic acid&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>76-03-9</td>
			<td>2 years</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Bupivacaine HCl (0.5%)</td>
			<td>Delpharm Tours</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>below&#160; 25 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Bupernorphine</td>
			<td>Exir (Iran)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Sodium Carbonate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>497-19-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Sodium chloride&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>7647-14-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Di- Sodium hydrogen phosphate</td>
			<td>EMD Millipore&#160;</td>
			<td>231-448-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Potassium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>&#160;7447-40-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:208px;">Ethanol&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>64-17-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">silicone(Xantopren)</td>
			<td>Heraeus</td>
			<td>EN ISO 4823</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Activator universal plus</td>
			<td>Heraeus</td>
			<td>66037445</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Micro-Dissecting forceps</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>52100-41</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Spring Scisors</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>52130-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Operating&#160; Scissors</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>52140-70</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Brain matrix&#160;</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>51390</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Anesthesia Machine for Small Animals |</td>
			<td>&#160;Kent Scientific</td>
			<td>SS-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Power Lab system</td>
			<td>AD Instruments</td>
			<td>ML880</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Laser Doppler flowmeter</td>
			<td>AD Instruments</td>
			<td>ML191</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Heating feed back system</td>
			<td>Harvard Appratus</td>
			<td>72-7560</td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Vascular micro clamp</td>
			<td>FineScience Tools</td>
			<td>18055-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Silk 5-0 suture thread</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>682G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Ethilon 4-0 suture thread&#160;</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>EH6740G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an in vivo assessment of blood-brain barrier disruption in a rat model of ischemic stroke

Iskæmisk slagtilfælde fører til vasogenic hjerneødem og efterfølgende primære hjerneskade, hvilket er medieret gennem destruktion af blod - hjerne barrieren (BBB). Rotter med inducerede iskæmisk slagtilfælde blev etableret og brugt som i vivo modeller til at undersøge den funktionelle integritet af BBB. Spektrofotometriske påvisning af Evans blå (EB) i hjernen prøver med iskæmisk skade kunne give pålidelige begrundelse for forskning og udvikling af nye terapeutiske metoder. Denne metode genererer reproducerbare resultater, og finder anvendelse på et laboratorium, uden behov for specialudstyr. Vi præsenterer her, visualiseret og tekniske retningslinjer på påvisning af ekstravasation af EB efter induktion af iskæmisk slagtilfælde i rotter.

Der var ingen signifikant forskel i EB niveauer i den højre hjernehalvdel versus den venstre hjernehalvdel sham-drives rotter (1,06 ± 0,1 µg/g og 1,1 ± 0,09 µg/g, henholdsvis). Som vist i tal 2A-2B, induktion af forbigående iskæmi (90 min iskæmi / 24 h reperfusion) forårsaget en betydelig forskel i EB niveauer (10.41 ± 0,84 µg/g, p < 0,001) i den venstre hjernehalvdel af iskæmisk rotter, sammenlignet med de respektive halvkugle i sham-drives rotter. K...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An In Vivo Assessment of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke at JoVE.com

An In Vivo Assessment of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke

En In Vivo evaluering af blod - hjerne barrieren forstyrrelser i en rotte Model af iskæmisk slagtilfælde

Det overordnede mål med denne fremgangsmåde er at give en meget reproducerbare teknik i vivo vurdering af blod - hjerne barrieren forstyrrelser i rotte modeller af iskæmisk slagtilfælde.

Ischemic stroke leads to vasogenic cerebral edema and subsequent primary brain injury, which is mediated through destruction of the blood-brain barrier ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

An In Vivo Assessment of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke

Generation of an Immortalized Murine Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Line as an In Vitro Blood Brain Barrier Model

Generation of an Immortalized Murine Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Line as an In Vitro Blood Brain Barrier Model

Generering af en immortaliseret murin Brain mikrovaskulær endotel cellelinie som en<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Blood Brain Barrier Model

Epithelial and endothelial cells (EC) are building paracellular barriers which protect the tissue from the external and internal environment. The ...

Functional Neuroimaging Using Ultrasonic Blood-brain Barrier Disruption and Manganese-enhanced MRI

Funktionel Neuroimaging Med Ultrasonic blod-hjerne barrieren forstyrrelser og mangan-forstærket MRI

Although mice are the dominant model system for studying the genetic and molecular underpinnings of neuroscience, functional neuroimaging in mice remains ...

Assessment of Blood-brain Barrier Permeability by Intravenous Infusion of FITC-labeled Albumin in a Mouse Model of Neurodegenerative Disease

Vurdering af blod - hjerne barrieren permeabilitet af intravenøs Infusion af FITC-mærket Albumin i en musemodel af neurodegenerativ sygdom

Disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is a common feature for different neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Although the interplay ...

An In Vivo Blood-brain Barrier Permeability Assay in Mice Using Fluorescently Labeled Tracers

An In Vivo Blood-brain Barrier Permeability Assay in Mice Using Fluorescently Labeled Tracers

En In Vivo blod - hjerne barrieren permeabilitet Assay i mus ved hjælp af Fluorescently mærket røbestoffer

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized barrier that protects the brain microenvironment from toxins and pathogens in the circulation and maintains ...

A Preclinical Model to Assess Brain Recovery After Acute Stroke in Rats

En præklinisk model til vurdering af hjerne bedring efter akut slagtilfælde hos rotter

The purpose of this study was to establish and validate an animal brain ischemia model in the recovery and sequela stages. A middle cerebral artery ...

A Benchtop Approach to the Location Specific Blood Brain Barrier Opening using Focused Ultrasound in a Rat Model

En benchtop tilgang til placeringsspecifik blodhjernebarriereåbning ved hjælp af fokuseret ultralyd i en rottemodel

Stereotaxic surgery is the gold standard for localized drug and gene delivery to the rodent brain. This technique has many advantages over systemic ...

Measuring Post-Stroke Cerebral Edema, Infarct Zone and Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in a Single Set of Rodent Brain Samples

Måling af Post-Stroke Cerebral Ødem, Infarct Zone og Blod-Brain Barrier Opdeling i et enkelt sæt gnaver Hjerne Prøver

One of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide is ischemic stroke. Historically, an animal model used to stimulate ischemic stroke ...

A Rat Model of EcoHIV Brain Infection

En rottemodel af EcoHIV-hjerneinfektion

It has been well studied that the EcoHIV infected mouse model is of significant utility in investigating HIV associated neurological complications. ...

Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Induktion og vurdering af Levodopa-induceret dyskinesier i en rottemodel af Parkinsons sygdom

Levodopa (L-DOPA) remains the gold-standard therapy used to treat Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) motor symptoms. However, unwanted involuntary movements ...

Transendothelial Resistance Measurement to Assess Cell Barrier Integrity

Barrier Functional Integrity Recording on bEnd.3 Vascular Endothelial Cells via Transendothelial Electrical Resistance Detection

Applications of TEER Detection to Assess Cell Barrier Integrity (Video) | JoVE

Registrering af barrierefunktionel integritet på bEnd.3 Vaskulære endotelceller via transendotelial elektrisk modstandsdetektion

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic physiological structure composed of microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes. By coordinating ...