Name: paraffin embedding and thin sectioning of microbial colony biofilms for microscopic analysis
Uploaded: 2018-03-23T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Paraffin Embedding and Thin Sectioning of Microbial Colony Biofilms for Microscopic Analysis at JoVE.com

Questo lavoro è stato supportato da NSF carriera premio 1553023 e premio NIH/NIAID R01AI103369.

1. crescita di Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colonia biofilm
<ol><li>Preparazione delle piastre Medium-Bilayer<ol>
<li>Preparare un tryptone di 10 g/L, agar 10 g/L (Vedi Tabella materiali) soluzione in acqua deionizzata.</li>
		<li>Autoclave per raffreddare a 50-60 ° C per 20 min. in un bagno d'acqua.</li>
		<li>Versare 45 mL della soluzione di agar-tryptone in un piatto quadrato 100 x 100 mm (Vedi Tabella materiali) utilizzando una provetta conica da 50 mL. Consentire l'agar solidificare (~...

<ol>
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Campioni di tessuto di inclusione in paraffina e sottile-sezionamento è una tecnica istologica classica che permette l'imaging delle strutture micro-morfologica e viene comunemente utilizzata sui tessuti negli eucarioti è stata applicata con successo ai campioni microbici8 ,9. Mentre crioinclusione consente una forte ritenzione del segnale endogeno ed immunofluorescente, inclusione in paraffina è generalmente preferibile in quanto fornisce migliore conservazi...

Maggior parte dei microbi hanno la capacità di forma biofilm, comunità di cellule tenute insieme da matrici autoprodotti. I biofilm possono essere coltivati in molti tipi di configurazioni fisiche, con vari regimi di fornitura di nutrienti e substrato. Test specifici per la formazione di biofilm tendono a produrre strutture multicellulari riproducibile e architetture comuni sono osservate per specie filogeneticamente diversificata a livello macroscopico o comunità. Quando i microbi vengono coltivati come colonie su terreno solido sotto atmosfera, morfologia macroscopica trasmette informazioni sulla capacità per la produzione della matrice e spesso correla con altri tratti 1,2,3. L'architettura interna di colonie microbiche possa anche fornire indizi riguardo specifici del biofilm chimica e fisiologia, ma è stato difficile da caratterizzare. Recenti applicazioni delle tecniche di crioinclusione e cryosectioning di colonie batteriche hanno permesso la formazione immagine e la visualizzazione di specifiche caratteristiche a risoluzione senza precedenti 4,5,6. Tuttavia, studi con tessuto animale hanno dimostrato che inclusione in paraffina fornisce superiore conservazione della morfologia rispetto a crioinclusione 7 e viene utilizzato per visualizzare i batteri in tessuti 8,9. Abbiamo pertanto sviluppato un protocollo per la fissazione, inclusione in paraffina e sezionamento sottile di colonie microbiche biofilm. Qui, descriviamo la preparazione di Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 Colonia-biofilm sezioni sottili 10,11, ma abbiamo applicato con successo anche questa tecnica a biofilm formato dai batteri Synxantha Pseudomonas, Bacillus subtilis, e Vibrio cholerae12.
Il processo di inclusione in paraffina e sottile-sezionamento biofilm segue una logica semplice. In primo luogo, il biofilm sono racchiusi in uno strato di agar per preservare la morfologia durante l'elaborazione. In secondo luogo, il biofilm racchiusi sono sommerse in un fissativo di crosslink macromolecole e preservare micromorfologia. Questi sono poi disidratati con alcool, ha eliminati con un solvente non polare più e quindi infiltrati con cera di paraffina liquida. Una volta infiltrato, i campioni sono incorporati in mattoncini di cera per il sezionamento. Sezioni sono tagliati, montate su slitte e poi reidratati al fine di riportarli a uno stato più nativo. Da questo punto, possono essere macchiati o coperto in mezzo di montaggio per l'analisi al microscopio.
Questo protocollo produce sezioni sottili di biofilm microbici adatto per l'analisi istologica. Sottostrutture di biofilm di Colonia sono visibili quando sezioni sottili preparati utilizzando questo metodo sono immaginate da microscopia chiara. Biofilm possono essere anche coltivati sulle macchie fluorescenti contenenti supporti specifici per le singole funzionalità o macchiati nella fase di reidratazione, immediatamente prima del montaggio (passaggi 9.5-9.6). Infine, i microbi possono essere progettati per produrre proteine fluorescenti in modo costitutivo o regolamentato, permettendo in caso di segnalazione in situ di espressione di gene o distribuzione delle cellule all'interno di queste comunità. Abbiamo usato questi metodi per determinare la profondità di biofilm di Colonia, distribuzione delle cellule, distribuzione della tabella, modelli di crescita ed espressione genica spatiotemporal.

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		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

paraffin embedding and thin sectioning of microbial colony biofilms for microscopic analysis

Sezionamento tramite inclusione in paraffina è una tecnica ampiamente consolidata in sistemi eucariotici. Qui forniamo un metodo per la fissazione, l'incorporamento e sezionamento dei biofilm intatto di colonie microbiche utilizzando irrorato di cera di paraffina. Per adattare questo metodo per l'utilizzo su biofilm di Colonia, abbiamo sviluppato le tecniche per mantenere ciascun campione il suo substrato di crescita e di esso di laminazione con un strato di agar e aggiunto alla soluzione fissante lisina. Queste ottimizzazioni migliorano la conservazione del campione e mantenimento delle caratteristiche di micromorphological. Campioni preparati in questo modo sono favorevoli a sottile di sezionamento e di imaging da microscopia elettronica di trasmissione, fluorescenza e della luce. Abbiamo applicato questa tecnica a Colonia biofilm di Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas synxantha, Bacillus subtilise Vibrio cholerae. L'elevato livello di dettaglio visibile in campioni generati da questo metodo, combinato con ceppo reporter ingegneria o l'uso di coloranti specifici, può fornire spunti interessanti sulla fisiologia e sullo sviluppo delle comunità microbiche.

Questo metodo genera sottili sezioni di biofilm in cui le caratteristiche morfologiche distinte e zone di espressione genica possono essere ripreso da DIC, microscopia a fluorescenza e TEM. Mentre imaging DIC utilizzando un 40 X obiettivo a immersione in olio può essere sufficiente a mostrare alcune caratteristiche morfologiche (Figura 2E), abbiamo trovato quello fluorescenza microscopia di ceppi ingegnerizzati per proteina costitutivamente espresso fluoresc...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Paraffin Embedding and Thin Sectioning of Microbial Colony Biofilms for Microscopic Analysis at JoVE.com

Paraffin Embedding and Thin Sectioning of Microbial Colony Biofilms for Microscopic Analysis

Inclusione in paraffina e sezionamento sottile di biofilm di colonie microbiche per l'analisi al microscopio

Descriviamo la fissazione, inclusione in paraffina e sottili tecniche di sezionamento per colonie microbiche biofilm. In campioni preparati, modelli di espressione di sottostruttura e reporter di biofilm possono essere visualizzati da microscopia.

Sectioning via paraffin embedding is a broadly established technique in eukaryotic systems. Here we provide a method for the fixation, embedding, and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Colony Forming Cell (CFC) Assay for Human Hematopoietic Cells

Colony Forming Cell CFC Assay for Human Hematopoietic Cells

Formanti colonia cellulare (CFC) Analisi per cellule emopoietiche

Human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells are usually obtained from bone marrow, cord blood, or peripheral blood and are used to study hematopoiesis and ...

Ricerca

Immunologia e infezioni

Single-cell Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry

Single-cell Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry

Singola cella Analisi Bacillus subtilis I biofilm usando la microscopia a fluorescenza e citometria a flusso

Biofilm formation is a general attribute to almost all bacteria 1-6. When bacteria form biofilms, cells are encased in extracellular matrix that is mostly ...

Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Biofilms

Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Biofilms

Crescita Mycobacterium tuberculosis I biofilm

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of human tuberculosis, has an extraordinary ability to survive against environmental stresses including ...

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Isolamento e analisi del genoma di virioni singole utilizzando &quot;Genomica singolo virus &#39;

Whole genome amplification and sequencing of single microbial cells enables genomic characterization without the need of cultivation 1-3. Viruses, which ...

A New Method for Qualitative Multi-scale Analysis of Bacterial Biofilms on Filamentous Fungal Colonies Using Confocal and Electron Microscopy

Un nuovo metodo per l&#39;analisi qualitativa multi-scala batterica biofilm su filamentose Fungal Colonies Utilizzando confocale e microscopia elettronica

Bacterial biofilms frequently form on fungal surfaces and can be involved in numerous bacterial-fungal interaction processes, such as metabolic ...

Extraction of Hemocytes from Drosophila melanogaster Larvae for Microbial Infection and Analysis

Extraction of Hemocytes from Drosophila melanogaster Larvae for Microbial Infection and Analysis

Estrazione di emociti da larve di Drosophila melanogaster per infezione microbica e l'analisi

During the pathogenic infection of Drosophila melanogaster, hemocytes play an important role in the immune response throughout the infection. Thus, the ...

Complementary Use of Microscopic Techniques and Fluorescence Reading in Studying Cryptococcus-Amoeba Interactions

Complementary Use of Microscopic Techniques and Fluorescence Reading in Studying Cryptococcus-Amoeba Interactions

Uso complementare di tecniche microscopiche e lettura di fluorescenza nello studio delle interazioni Cryptococcus-Amoeba

To simulate Cryptococcus infection, amoeba, which is the natural predator of cryptococcal cells in the environment, can be used as a model for ...

Applying Live Cell Imaging and Cryo-Electron Tomography to Resolve Spatiotemporal Features of the Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm Secretion System

Applying Live Cell Imaging and Cryo-Electron Tomography to Resolve Spatiotemporal Features of the Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm Secretion System

Applicazione di Live Cell Imaging e tomografia Cryo-Electron a risolvere le caratteristiche spatiotemporali del sistema di secrezione Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm

The Dot/Icm secretion system of Legionella pneumophila is a complex type IV secretion system (T4SS) nanomachine that localizes at the bacterial pole and ...

Analysis of the Lipid Composition of Mycobacteria by Thin Layer Chromatography

Analisi della composizione lipidica dei micobatteri mediante cromatografia a strato sottile

Mycobacteria species can differ from one another in the rate of growth, presence of pigmentation, the colony morphology displayed on solid media, as well ...

Standardized In vitro Assays to Visualize and Quantify Interactions between Human Neutrophils and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

Standardized In vitro Assays to Visualize and Quantify Interactions between Human Neutrophils and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

Saggi standardizzati in vitro per visualizzare e quantificare le interazioni tra neutrofili umani e biofilm di Staphylococcus aureus

Neutrophils are the first line of defense deployed by the immune system during microbial infection. In vivo, neutrophils are recruited to the site of ...