Name: analyses of mitochondrial calcium influx in isolated mitochondria and cultured cells
Uploaded: 2018-04-27T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analyses of Mitochondrial Calcium Influx in Isolated Mitochondria and Cultured Cells at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af tilskud fra American Heart Association (J.Q.K.).

Alle metoder, der beskrives i denne protokol er blevet godkendt af institutionelle Animal Care og brug Udvalget af Emory University.
Bemærk: Den første del er den eksperimentelle procedure til måling af mitokondrie Ca2 + tilstrømning i isolerede hjerte mitokondrier ved hjælp af en Pladelæser.
1. reagenser og løsninger
<ol><li>Gøre 500 mL af MS-EGTA buffer til mitokondrie isolation: 225 mM mannitol, 75 mM saccharose, 5 mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-pip...

<ol>
	<li>Deluca, H. F., Engstrom, G. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Calcium+uptake+by+rat+kidney+mitochondria.">Calcium uptake by rat kidney mitochondria.</a> P Natl Acad Sci USA. 47, 1744-1750 (1961).</li><li>Lehninger, A. L., Rossi, C. S., Greenawalt, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Respiration-dependent+accumulation+of+inorganic+phosphate+and+Ca+ions+by+rat+liver+mitochondria.">Respiration-dependent accumulation of inorganic phosphate and Ca ions by rat liver mitochondria.</a> Biochem Biophys Res Co. 10, 444-448 (1963).</li><li>Kwong, J. Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mitochondrial+calcium+uniporter+in+the+heart:+energetics+and+beyond.">The mitochondrial calcium uniporter in the heart: energetics and beyond.</a> J Physiol. 595 (12), 3743-3751 (2017).</li><li>Denton, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+mitochondrial+dehydrogenases+by+calcium+ions.">Regulation of mitochondrial dehydrogenases by calcium ions.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 1787 (11), 1309-1316 (2009).</li><li>Jouaville, L. S., Pinton, P., Bastianutto, C., Rutter, G. A., Rizzuto, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+mitochondrial+ATP+synthesis+by+calcium:+evidence+for+a+long-term+metabolic+priming.">Regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis by calcium: evidence for a long-term metabolic priming.</a> P Natl Acad Sci USA. 96 (24), 13807-13812 (1999).</li><li>Haworth, R. A., Hunter, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Ca2+-induced+membrane+transition+in+mitochondria.+II.+Nature+of+the+Ca2++trigger+site.">The Ca2+-induced membrane transition in mitochondria. II. Nature of the Ca2+ trigger site.</a> Arch Biochem Biophys. 195 (2), 460-467 (1979).</li><li>Hunter, D. R., Haworth, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Ca2+-induced+membrane+transition+in+mitochondria.+I.+The+protective+mechanisms.">The Ca2+-induced membrane transition in mitochondria. I. The protective mechanisms.</a> Arch Biochem Biophys. 195 (2), 453-459 (1979).</li><li>Kwong, J. Q., Molkentin, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physiological+and+pathological+roles+of+the+mitochondrial+permeability+transition+pore+in+the+heart.">Physiological and pathological roles of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the heart.</a> Cell Metab. 21 (2), 206-214 (2015).</li><li>Luongo, T. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mitochondrial+Na+/Ca2++exchanger+is+essential+for+Ca2++homeostasis+and+viability.">The mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger is essential for Ca2+ homeostasis and viability.</a> Nature. 545 (7652), 93-97 (2017).</li><li>De Stefani, D., Patron, M., Rizzuto, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure+and+function+of+the+mitochondrial+calcium+uniporter+complex.">Structure and function of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 1853 (9), 2006-2011 (2015).</li><li>Baughman, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integrative+genomics+identifies+MCU+as+an+essential+component+of+the+mitochondrial+calcium+uniporter.">Integrative genomics identifies MCU as an essential component of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter.</a> Nature. 476 (7360), 341-345 (2011).</li><li>De Stefani, D., Raffaello, A., Teardo, E., Szabo, I., Rizzuto, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+forty-kilodalton+protein+of+the+inner+membrane+is+the+mitochondrial+calcium+uniporter.">A forty-kilodalton protein of the inner membrane is the mitochondrial calcium uniporter.</a> Nature. 476 (7360), 336-340 (2011).</li><li>Pan, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+physiological+role+of+mitochondrial+calcium+revealed+by+mice+lacking+the+mitochondrial+calcium+uniporter.">The physiological role of mitochondrial calcium revealed by mice lacking the mitochondrial calcium uniporter.</a> Nat Cell Biol. 15 (12), 1464-1472 (2013).</li><li>Kwong, J. Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Mitochondrial+Calcium+Uniporter+Selectively+Matches+Metabolic+Output+to+Acute+Contractile+Stress+in+the+Heart.">The Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Selectively Matches Metabolic Output to Acute Contractile Stress in the Heart.</a> Cell Rep. 12 (1), 15-22 (2015).</li><li>Luongo, T. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Mitochondrial+Calcium+Uniporter+Matches+Energetic+Supply+with+Cardiac+Workload+during+Stress+and+Modulates+Permeability+Transition.">The Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Matches Energetic Supply with Cardiac Workload during Stress and Modulates Permeability Transition.</a> Cell Rep. 12 (1), 23-34 (2015).</li><li>Brown, D. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expert+consensus+document:+Mitochondrial+function+as+a+therapeutic+target+in+heart+failure.">Expert consensus document: Mitochondrial function as a therapeutic target in heart failure.</a> Nat Rev Cardiol. 14 (4), 238-250 (2017).</li><li>Logan, C. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss-of-function+mutations+in+MICU1+cause+a+brain+and+muscle+disorder+linked+to+primary+alterations+in+mitochondrial+calcium+signaling.">Loss-of-function mutations in MICU1 cause a brain and muscle disorder linked to primary alterations in mitochondrial calcium signaling.</a> Nat Genet. 46 (2), 188-193 (2014).</li><li>Lewis-Smith, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Homozygous+deletion+in+MICU1+presenting+with+fatigue+and+lethargy+in+childhood.">Homozygous deletion in MICU1 presenting with fatigue and lethargy in childhood.</a> Neurol Genet. 2 (2), e59 (2016).</li><li>Tosatto, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mitochondrial+calcium+uniporter+regulates+breast+cancer+progression+via+HIF-1alpha.">The mitochondrial calcium uniporter regulates breast cancer progression via HIF-1alpha.</a> EMBO Mol Med. 8 (5), 569-585 (2016).</li><li>Cardenas, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+Vulnerability+of+Cancer+Cells+by+Inhibition+of+Ca(2+)+Transfer+from+Endoplasmic+Reticulum+to+Mitochondria.">Selective Vulnerability of Cancer Cells by Inhibition of Ca(2+) Transfer from Endoplasmic Reticulum to Mitochondria.</a> Cell Rep. 15 (1), 219-220 (2016).</li><li>Dedkova, E. N., Blatter, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Calcium+signaling+in+cardiac+mitochondria.">Calcium signaling in cardiac mitochondria.</a> J Mol Cell Cardiol. 58, 125-133 (2013).</li><li>Florea, S. M., Blatter, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+mitochondria+for+the+regulation+of+cardiac+alternans.">The role of mitochondria for the regulation of cardiac alternans.</a> Front Physiol. 1, 141 (2010).</li><li>Palmer, A. E., Tsien, R. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measuring+calcium+signaling+using+genetically+targetable+fluorescent+indicators.">Measuring calcium signaling using genetically targetable fluorescent indicators.</a> Nat Protoc. 1 (3), 1057-1065 (2006).</li><li>Bonora, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Subcellular+calcium+measurements+in+mammalian+cells+using+jellyfish+photoprotein+aequorin-based+probes.">Subcellular calcium measurements in mammalian cells using jellyfish photoprotein aequorin-based probes.</a> Nat Protoc. 8 (11), 2105-2118 (2013).</li><li>Zima, A. V., Kockskamper, J., Mejia-Alvarez, R., Blatter, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pyruvate+modulates+cardiac+sarcoplasmic+reticulum+Ca2++release+in+rats+via+mitochondria-dependent+and+-independent+mechanisms.">Pyruvate modulates cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in rats via mitochondria-dependent and -independent mechanisms.</a> J Physiol. 550 (Pt 3), 765-783 (2003).</li><li>Kruger, N. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Bradford+method+for+protein+quantitation.">The Bradford method for protein quantitation.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 32, 9-15 (1994).</li><li>Zazueta, C., Sosa-Torres, M. E., Correa, F., Garza-Ortiz, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibitory+properties+of+ruthenium+amine+complexes+on+mitochondrial+calcium+uptake.">Inhibitory properties of ruthenium amine complexes on mitochondrial calcium uptake.</a> J Bioenerg Biomembr. 31 (6), 551-557 (1999).</li><li>Davidson, S. M., Duchen, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+mitochondrial+calcium+signalling+with+fluorescent+probes+and+single+or+two+photon+confocal+microscopy.">Imaging mitochondrial calcium signalling with fluorescent probes and single or two photon confocal microscopy.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 810, 219-234 (2012).</li><li>Matlib, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxygen-bridged+dinuclear+ruthenium+amine+complex+specifically+inhibits+Ca2++uptake+into+mitochondria+in+vitro+and+in+situ+in+single+cardiac+myocytes.">Oxygen-bridged dinuclear ruthenium amine complex specifically inhibits Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria in vitro and in situ in single cardiac myocytes.</a> J Biol Chem. 273 (17), 10223-10231 (1998).</li><li>Chamberlain, B. K., Volpe, P., Fleischer, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+calcium-induced+calcium+release+from+purified+cardiac+sarcoplasmic+reticulum+vesicles.">Inhibition of calcium-induced calcium release from purified cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.</a> J Biol Chem. 259 (12), 7547-7553 (1984).</li></ol>

Her beskriver vi to forskellige tilgange til at måle mitokondrie Ca2 + tilstrømning. Plade reader-baserede calcium grøn-5N metode skærme extramitochondrial Ca2 + niveauer og er en Ca2 + optagelse assay, er velegnet til målinger i isolerede mitochondrier. Mens vi har vist repræsentative resultater fra isolerede murine hjerte mitokondrier, kan dette assay tilpasses let til mitokondrier isoleres fra væv med høj mitokondrie overflod herunder leveren, skeletmuskulatur og hjerne. Derudo...

Mitokondrier er kritiske lokaliteter af intracellulære Ca2 + opbevaring og signalering. Årtiers forskning har vist, at mitokondrier har evnen til at importere og udskille Ca2 + 1,2. Mitokondrier, er imidlertid ikke kun passive websteder af Ca2 + opbevaring. Ca2 + på den mitokondrielle rum udfører grundlæggende signaling funktioner herunder regulering af metaboliske output og aktivering af mitokondrie-medieret celle død veje, som har været gennemgået tidligere3. For metabolisk regulering øger Ca2 + aktiviteten af tre matrix-lokaliseret dehydrogenases tricarboxylic syre cyklus samt respiratoriske kæde komplekser, at øge mitokondriets energi produktion4,5 . Med mitokondrie Ca2 + overbelastning og dysregulated mitokondrie Ca2 + håndtering, Ca2 + udløser mitokondrie permeabilitet overgangen pore (MPTP) åbning, fører til indre membran permeabilization, membran potentielle tab, mitokondriel dysfunktion, hævelse, brud og i sidste ende, celle død6,7,8,9. Således påvirker mitokondrie Ca2 + signalering direkte både cellulært liv og død stier gennem metabolisk kontrol og MPTP-død akse.
I de seneste år, der har hastigt voksende interesse for studiet af mitokondrie Ca2 + dynamics skyldig i stor del til identifikation af molekylære bestanddele af den mitokondrielle Ca2 + uniporter komplekse, en mitokondrie indre membran transporter, der er en primær tilstand af Ca2 + importere ind i mitokondriets matrix 10,11,12. Identifikation af disse strukturelle og regulerende underenheder af uniporter har frembragt muligheden for genetisk målretning mitokondrie Ca2 + tilstrømning til at modulere mitokondrie-funktion og dysfunktion og lettet studiet af den bidrag af uniporter komplekse og mitokondriel Ca2 + tilstrømningen til sygdom13,14,15. Faktisk, mitokondrie Ca2 + signalering har været impliceret i patologier af en bred vifte af sygdomme lige fra hjertesygdomme neurodegeneration og kræft16,17,18, 19,20.
Den grundlæggende betydning af mitokondrie Ca2 + signalering i metabolisme og celledød, og kombineret med den bred rækkevidde af biologiske systemer påvirkninger at mitokondriel Ca2 + signalering, metoder til at evaluere mitokondrie Ca2 + tilstrømning er af stor interesse. Ikke overraskende er blevet udviklet en række teknikker og værktøjer til at måle mitokondrie Ca2 + . Disse omfatter metoder, der anvender værktøjer såsom fluorescerende Ca2 +-følsomme farvestoffer21,22 og genetisk kodet Ca2 + sensorer målrettet til mitokondrier, såsom cameleon og aequorin23, 24. Målet med denne artikel er at belyse forskellige metoder og modelsystemer som mitokondrielle Ca2 + optagelse kan måles. Vi præsentere to eksperimentelle metoder til at vurdere mitokondrie Ca2 + tilstrømning kapacitet. Med hjerte mitokondrier som eksempel, vi detalje en plade reader-baseret platform til måling af mitokondrie Ca2 + optagelse ved hjælp af Ca2 + følsomme farvestof calcium grøn-5N, der er velegnet til isoleret væv mitokondrier14 . Ved hjælp af kulturperler NIH 3T3 celler, beskrive vi også en Konfokal mikroskopi imaging-baseret analyse til måling af mitokondrie Ca2 + i permeabilized celler ved hjælp af Ca2 + følsomme farvestof Rhod-2/AM25.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Olympus FV1000 Laser Scanning confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>FV1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Synergy Neo2 Multimode microplate reader with injectors</td>
			<td>Biotek</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue Homogenizer</td>
			<td>Kimble</td>
			<td>886000-0022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>22 x 22 mm coverslips</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>2850-22</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96 well plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 well plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium Green-5N</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>C3737</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MitoTracker green FM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>M7514</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rhod-2, AM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>R1244</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMSO</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>D12345</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pluronic F-127</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>P3000MP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-Mannitol</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M9546</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sucrose</td>
			<td>EMD Millipore</td>
			<td>8510</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H3375</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EGTA</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>E8145</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium chloride</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>BP366-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium phosphate monobasic</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P0662</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M2670</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium pyruvate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P2256</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-malic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M1125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C4901</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium acetate</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>BP364-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adenosine 5&#8242;-triphosphate magnesium salt</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A9187</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphocreatine disodium salt</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P7936</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Saponin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S7900</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ru360</td>
			<td>Calbiochem</td>
			<td>557440</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

analyses of mitochondrial calcium influx in isolated mitochondria and cultured cells

Ca2 + håndtering af mitokondrier er en kritisk funktion regulering både fysiologiske og patofysiologiske processer i et bredt spektrum af celler. Evnen til at præcist at måle tilstrømning og udstrømningen af Ca2 + fra mitokondrier er vigtige til bestemmelse af rollen mitokondriel Ca2 + håndtering i disse processer. I denne rapport præsenterer vi to metoder til måling af mitokondrie Ca2 + håndtering i både isolerede mitochondrier og dyrkede celler. Vi detalje først en plade reader-baseret platform til måling af mitokondrie Ca2 + optagelse ved hjælp af Ca2 + følsomme farvestof calcium grøn-5N. Plade reader-baseret format omgår behovet for specialiseret udstyr, og calcium grøn-5N farvestof er velegnet til måling af Ca2 + fra isoleret væv mitokondrier. For vores ansøgning beskriver vi måling af mitokondrie Ca2 + optagelse i mitokondrierne isoleret fra mus hjerte væv; men denne procedure kan anvendes til at måle mitokondrie Ca2 + optagelse i mitokondrierne isoleret fra andre væv som leveren, skeletmuskulatur og hjerne. For det andet vil beskrive vi en Konfokal mikroskopi-baseret analyse til måling af mitokondrie Ca2 + i permeabilized celler ved hjælp af Ca2 + følsomme farvestof Rhod-2/AM og imaging ved hjælp af 2-dimensionelle laser scanning mikroskopi. Denne permeabilization protokol eliminerer cytosole farvestof kontamination, giver mulighed for specifikke registrering af ændringer i mitokondrie Ca2 +. Derudover laser scanning mikroskopi giver mulighed for høj billedhastigheder at fange hurtige ændringer i mitokondrie Ca2 + reaktion på forskellige narkotika eller reagenser, der anvendes i den eksterne løsning. Denne protokol kan anvendes til at måle mitokondrie Ca2 + optagelse i mange celletyper, herunder primærelementer som hjertets myocytes og neuroner og udødeliggjort cellelinjer.

Figur 1 viser mitokondrie Ca2 + optagelse målinger i isolerede hjerte mitokondrierne bruger plade reader-baseret platform og Ca2 + farvning af calcium grøn-5N. Betingelser kontrol (figur 1A), cardiac mitokondrier blev suspenderet i KCl buffer indeholdende calcium grøn-5N og derefter udfordret med sekventiel pulser af CaCl2 (5 μl af en 0,6 mM CaCl2 løsning) tilføjet på 30 s, 150 s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analyses of Mitochondrial Calcium Influx in Isolated Mitochondria and Cultured Cells at JoVE.com

Analyses of Mitochondrial Calcium Influx in Isolated Mitochondria and Cultured Cells

Analyser af mitokondrie Calcium tilstrømning i isolerede mitochondrier og kulturperler celler

Vi præsenterer her, to protokoller til måling af mitokondrie Ca2 + tilstrømning i isolerede mitochondrier og dyrkede celler. For isolerede mitochondrier, vi detalje en plade reader-baserede Ca2 + import analyse ved hjælp af Ca2 + følsomme farvestof calcium grøn-5N. For dyrkede celler beskriver vi en Konfokal mikroskopi metode ved hjælp af Ca2 + farvestof Rhod-2/AM.

Ca2+ handling by mitochondria is a critical function regulating both physiological and pathophysiological processes in a broad spectrum of cells. The ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Using Scaffold Liposomes to Reconstitute Lipid-proximal Protein-protein Interactions In Vitro

Using Scaffold Liposomes to Reconstitute Lipid-proximal Protein-protein Interactions In Vitro

Brug Stillads Liposomer at Rekonstituer Lipid-proksimal protein-protein interaktioner<em&gt; In vitro</em

Studies of integral membrane proteins in vitro are frequently complicated by the presence of a hydrophobic transmembrane domain. Further complicating ...

Nitrogen Cavitation and Differential Centrifugation Allows for Monitoring the Distribution of Peripheral Membrane Proteins in Cultured Cells

Kvælstof kavitation og differentieret centrifugering giver mulighed for overvågning fordelingen af perifere Membranproteiner i kulturperler celler

Cultured cells are useful for studying the subcellular distribution of proteins, including peripheral membrane proteins. Genetically encoded fluorescently ...

Isolation and Respiratory Measurements of Mitochondria from Arabidopsis thaliana

Isolation and Respiratory Measurements of Mitochondria from Arabidopsis thaliana

Isolation og respiratoriske målinger af mitokondrier fra Arabidopsis thaliana

Mitochondria are essential organelles involved in numerous metabolic pathways in plants, most notably the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from ...

Interactions with and Membrane Permeabilization of Brain Mitochondria by Amyloid Fibrils

Interaktioner med og membran Permeabilisering af hjernen mitochondrier af amyloid Fibrils

A growing body of evidence indicates that membrane permeabilization, including internal membranes such as mitochondria, is a common feature and primary ...

Induction of Eryptosis in Red Blood Cells Using a Calcium Ionophore

Induktion af Eryptose i røde blodlegemer ved hjælp af en calcium Ionophore

Eryptosis, erythrocyte programmed cell death, occurs in a number of hematological diseases and during injury to erythrocytes. A hallmark of eryptotic ...

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry

Måling af proteinomsætningshastigheder i senescerende og ikke-delende dyrkede celler med metabolisk mærkning og massespektrometri

Mounting evidence has shown that the accumulation of senescent cells in the central nervous system contributes to neurodegenerative disorders such as ...

High-Throughput Quantification of the Synthesis and Distribution of mtDNA

High-Throughput Image-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis and Distribution

High-Throughput Image-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis and Distribution (Video) | JoVE 

Billedbaseret kvantificering med høj kapacitet af mitokondrie-DNA-syntese og -distribution

The vast majority of cellular processes require a continuous supply of energy, the most common carrier of which is the ATP molecule. Eukaryotic cells ...

Stable Isotope Tracing & LC-MS Analysis to Measure DHODH and SDH Activities

Oxygen-Independent Assays to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Mammals

Oxygen-Independent Assays to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Mammals (Video) | JoVE 

Oxygenuafhængige assays til måling af mitokondriefunktion hos pattedyr

The flow of electrons in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) supports multifaceted biosynthetic, bioenergetic, and signaling functions in ...

Isolation of Mitochondrial Contact Sites

An Improved Method to Isolate Mitochondrial Contact Sites

Unveiling Mitochondrial Contact Sites and Architectural Insights (Video) | JoVE

En forbedret metode til at isolere mitokondriekontaktsteder

Mitochondria are present in virtually all eukaryotic cells and perform essential functions that go far beyond energy production, for instance, the ...

5-Bromo-2&#39;-Deoxyuridine (BrdU) Labeling of Mitochondrial DNA in HeLa Cells

5-Bromo-2'-Deoxyuridine (BrdU) Labeling of Mitochondrial DNA in HeLa Cells (Video) | JoVE 

5-brom-2&#39;-deoxyuridin (BrdU) mærkning af mitokondrie-DNA i HeLa-celler