Name: conducting elevated temperature normal and combined pressure-shear plate impact experiments via a breech-end sabot heater system
Uploaded: 2018-08-07T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Conducting Elevated Temperature Normal and Combined Pressure-Shear Plate Impact Experiments Via a Breech-end Sabot Heater System at JoVE.com

作者希望通过管理科学学术联盟 NNSA (DE-NA0001989 和 DE-NA0002919) 在进行这项研究时承认美国能源部的财政支持。最后, 作者要感谢洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的合作, 以支持目前和今后的调查工作。

1. 样品和靶材准备
注: 在下面的协议中, 我们将详细说明准备样品和目标材料所需的步骤, 稍后将在反向几何法板撞击实验中使用。在这个设置, 一个传单板 (也样品), 在一个穿甲弹的前面举行, 将通过一个单一的阶段气体枪发射, 并作出冲击的固定目标板放置在气体枪的目标室。下面的协议中描述了一个典型的传单和目标板组件, 如图 1所示。
<ol><li>a 节9...

<ol>
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上述方法和协议详细说明了在高温下正确执行反向几何正常板撞击实验的程序。在这种方法中, 我们对火炮枪管进行自定义修改, 在现有气体枪的高压 (臀) 端的情况下, 西预备队大学, 以房子的电阻式加热器线圈轴向和旋转自由度。电阻式加热器线圈系统, 使薄铝试样, 持有在加热器的前端, 耐高温弹, 加热到接近熔化温度 (超过640°c), 在射击之前。利用加热器壳体适应与耐热弹托结合, 进行了高温板?...

在工程应用中, 材料受多种条件的限制, 其性质可以是静态的或动态的, 再加上高度的变形和温度, 从房间到靠近熔点的位置不等。在这些热力学极端之下材料行为可能剧烈地变化;因此, 近一个世纪以来, 在受控加载机制1、2、3的情况下, 开发了几个实验, 旨在探讨材料行为的动力响应和/或其他特性。,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14. 对于负载在低到中间应变率 (10-6-100 /秒) 的金属, 采用伺服液压或精密螺杆万能试验机研究了各种加载方式下的材料反应, 并变形水平。但是, 随着应用应变率的增加超过了中间应变率 (i., > 102/秒), 其他实验技术就成为必要的, 以探测机械反应。例如, 在 103/秒的装货率高达 5 x 104/秒的全尺寸或小型化的拆分-霍普金森压力杆, 使此类测量可以做8,15。
传统上, 轻型气体枪和/或爆炸驱动的板块撞击实验已经被用来研究动态不适应性和其他现象, 如散裂, 或相变发生的非常高的应变率 (105-107/秒)16,17,18,19,20,21,22, 或组合的高压和动态负载。通常情况下, 板块撞击实验涉及发射一个飞行板, 最初在气枪的臀端, 然后沿着枪管的长度向下移动, 并与精心对准的固定靶板碰撞撞击室。由于撞击, 在飞行物/目标界面上产生了正常和/或联合的压力和剪切应力, 它通过板块的空间尺寸作为纵向和/或组合纵向和横向应力波。这些波在靶板后表面的到达会影响目标板的瞬时自由表面粒子速度, 这通常通过干涉技术进行监测。为了允许对测量的粒子速度和时间历史的解释, 有必要在撞击14,23产生与撞击表面平行的平面波。为确保前者, 撞击必须发生在小于一毫弧度12、24的顺序上, 其平面度的撞击面比两个千分尺5、25更佳。
板块撞击实验已经适应了包括加热元素, 使调查的材料行为延伸到热力学极端26,27,28,29。这些适应通常包括增加一个感应线圈, 或一个电阻加热器元件的目标端的气枪;虽然这些适应已经证明在实验上是可行的, 但这种方法内在地导致了特殊的实验挑战, 需要仔细考虑。其中一些实验性的并发症包括在加热目标 (样品) 板时, 目标保持器组件和/或校准夹具的不同成分的热膨胀, 这需要实时校准调整,通常采用带有连续反馈的遥控对准工具, 以保持样品和目标板之间的关键并行公差。在压力-剪切板冲击试验方案中, 加热试样需要用耐高温金属光栅代替传统的高分子光栅, 以监测在自由表面的横向粒子速度。靶板。此外, 加热的样品可以增加限制的冲击速度, 可以在某些实验方案, 如在高应变率联合压力和剪切板冲击配置, 在那里可能需要特殊的考虑为了防止对实验结果的明确解释, 利用可能是温度依赖性的前后靶板的声学阻抗计算。最后, 对于需要具有光学窗口的目标板的其他实验方案, 试样、粘结层和/或涂层之间的公差在高温下变得越来越难维持19。
为纾缓上述实验挑战, 我们已对位于西储大学 (CWRU)7、30、31、32 的现有单级气枪进行自订改装..这些修改使在耐热弹托的前端举行的薄金属试样被加热到超过1000年°c 的温度, 在射击之前, 这允许高温正常和/或联合压力-剪切板冲击实验是进行。与用于高温板撞击研究的大多数常规方法相比, 这种方法已被证明可以缓解上述几个实验难题。例如, 这种方法已经被利用来实现小于一毫弧度的倾斜角, 而不需要进行远倾角调整30, 或者在实验期间监测倾斜变化的额外光学元件。其次, 由于目标板在环境温度下保持不变, 这种方法不需要特殊的耐高温全息光栅来测量斜撞击实验中的横向粒子速度;此外, 可以利用更高的冲击速度, 而不会产生目标板的风险, 从而降低实验结果解释的复杂性。添加时, 这种方法可用于执行高温逆向几何正常板撞击实验, 为选择样品材料提供了我们的关系。这些可以通过阻抗匹配技术获得, 或者另外, 从样品的后表面对稀疏风扇进行分析, 在卸载33、34 期间对试样冲击速度的变化进行相关信息..在高温联合压力-剪切板冲击构型中, 这种方法使薄膜的动态不适应性能够被广泛的温度和塑性变形范围所研究, 应变率可达 107/秒, 取决于薄试样的厚度16,27,29。
我们将介绍执行上述典型的高温板撞击实验所需的协议。接下来将有一节专门介绍使用现有技术获得的代表性结果。最后, 对结果的讨论将在结论之前提出。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>99.999% commercial purity polycrystalline aluminum</td>
			<td>Goodfellow</td>
			<td>AL007970</td>
			<td>Material for flyer plate (sample)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>H13 tool steel</td>
			<td>Fabrication Center of CWRU</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Material for the sample holder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solution treat &#38; age Inconel 718 alloy</td>
			<td>High Temp Metals</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>(1.005/1.015)&#34; Dia x 24&#34;, Material for target plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Photoresist S1805</td>
			<td>MicroChem</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Material of the photoresist for holographic grating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Developer CD-26</td>
			<td>MicroChem</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Developer to the photoresist for holographic grating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum 6063 tube</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>4568T19</td>
			<td>Material for the ring in target assembly</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Black Delrin (R) Acetal Resin Rod (4-1/2&#34; Dia.)</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>8576K81</td>
			<td>Material for the Delrin holder in target assembly</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>White Delrin (R) Acetal Resin Rod (1/4&#34; Dia.)</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>8572K51</td>
			<td>Material for the Delrin pins in target assembly</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum 6061 tube</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>9056K24</td>
			<td>Material for the body in projectile assembly</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum 6061 rod</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>8974K88</td>
			<td>Material for the cap in projectile assembly</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Teflon sheet</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>8711K98</td>
			<td>Material for the key</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LAVA-FF - Alumina Silicate disc</td>
			<td>Technical Products</td>
			<td>CWR-033116-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LAVA-FF - Alumina Silicate tube</td>
			<td>Technical Products</td>
			<td>ALR11515</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alumina Pan Slotted Head Bolt</td>
			<td>Ceramco</td>
			<td>A83200PANSLT0.500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>409 N70 Buna-N O-ring</td>
			<td>The O-ring Store</td>
			<td>B70409</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Loctite Hysol 9412 adhesive</td>
			<td>Loctite</td>
			<td>83107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High Temperature Cements</td>
			<td>OMEGA Engineering</td>
			<td>OB-300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Extra fast-set epoxy</td>
			<td>Ellsworth</td>
			<td>4001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mylar sheet</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>8567K94</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

conducting elevated temperature normal and combined pressure-shear plate impact experiments via a breech-end sabot heater system

提出了一种在1000摄氏度的试验温度下进行常规和/或联合压力-剪切板冲击实验的新方法。该方法使高温板撞击实验旨在探索材料在热力学极值下的动态行为, 同时减轻在进行类似实验时面临的几个特殊实验挑战。采用传统的板材冲击法。在西储大学的情况下, 对单级气枪的臀端进行自适应改装;这些改装包括由 SAE 4340 钢制成的精密加工延伸件, 它的战略设计是配合现有的枪管, 同时提供高公差匹配孔和键槽。延伸件包含一个垂直圆筒加热器-好, 安置加热器汇编。电阻线圈加热器头, 能够达到1200摄氏度的温度, 连接到一个垂直的阀杆, 具有轴向/旋转自由度;这使得在耐热的穿甲弹的前端举行的薄金属试样被均匀地加热到所需的试验温度。通过加热飞行板 (在这种情况下, 样品) 在枪筒的臀端, 而不是在目标端, 可以避免几个关键的实验挑战。这些指标包括: 1) 由于目标支架组件的几个成分的热膨胀, 在加热过程中靶板的对准发生了严重的变化;2) 由于诊断元素 (i.、聚合物全息光栅和光学探针) 太靠近加热目标组件而产生的挑战;3) 在具有光学窗口的目标板上出现的挑战, 在高温下, 试样、粘结层和窗口之间的关键公差变得越来越难以维持;4) 在组合压剪板撞击实验中, 需要用耐高温衍射光栅测量目标自由表面的横向粒子速度;5) 由于热软化和可能产生的边界目标板, 对测量的自由表面速度与时间剖面的明确解释所需的冲击速度施加限制。通过利用上述的适应性, 我们提出了一系列的反几何法平板撞击实验的结果, 对商业纯铝在一系列的样品温度。这些实验表明, 在受冲击状态下, 颗粒速度减小, 这表明材料软化 (后屈服流应力降低) 随试样温度的增加。

在进行目前的实验时, 82.5 毫米口径, 6 米长, 单级气炮在 CWRU 能够加速0.8 公斤弹丸以加速至700米/秒。图 5显示了 CWRU 上改装的气枪设施的照片。在射击之前, 定制设计的穿甲弹是存放在加热器扩展件, 如图 6所示。该延伸件携带一个垂直加热器-良好的使电阻线圈加热器进出的路径的穿甲弹。这种加热器线圈, 使所持的传单板在前?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Conducting Elevated Temperature Normal and Combined Pressure-Shear Plate Impact Experiments Via a Breech-end Sabot Heater System at JoVE.com

Conducting Elevated Temperature Normal and Combined Pressure-Shear Plate Impact Experiments Via a Breech-end Sabot Heater System

在这里, 我们提出了一个新的方法来进行高温反向正常板冲击, 并结合压力和剪切板冲击的详细协议。该方法包括使用臀端电阻线圈加热器, 以加热在耐热的穿甲弹的前端举行的样品, 以达到预期的温度。

采用臀端穿甲弹加热系统进行高温常压联合压力-剪切板冲击试验

A novel approach for conducting normal and/or combined pressure-shear plate impact experiments at test temperatures up to 1000 &#176;C is presented. The ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

太赫兹微流控测量中的一个平行板波导传感器

Refractive index (RI) sensing is a powerful noninvasive and label-free sensing technique for the identification, detection and monitoring of microfluidic ...

科研

工程学

Characterization of Surface Modifications by White Light Interferometry: Applications in Ion Sputtering, Laser Ablation, and Tribology Experiments

白光干涉表面改性中的应用离子溅射，激光烧蚀，与摩擦学实验表征

In materials science and engineering it is often necessary to obtain quantitative measurements of surface topography with micrometer lateral resolution. ...

Fabrication of Nano-engineered Transparent Conducting Oxides by Pulsed Laser Deposition

制备纳米设计的脉冲激光沉积透明导电氧化物

Nanosecond Pulsed  Laser Deposition (PLD) in the presence of a background gas allows the deposition  of metal oxides with tunable morphology, structure, ...

Flame Experiments at the Advanced Light Source: New Insights into Soot Formation Processes

火焰在实验的先进光源：全新洞察烟灰形成过程

The following experimental protocols and the accompanying video are concerned with the flame experiments that are performed at the Chemical Dynamics ...

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures

写作和氧化物纳米结构的低温特性

Oxide nanoelectronics is a rapidly growing field which seeks to develop novel materials with multifunctional behavior at nanoscale dimensions.  Oxide ...

A Method for Studying the Temperature Dependence of Dynamic Fracture and Fragmentation

为研究动态断裂及破碎的温度敏感性的方法

The dynamic fracture of a body is a late-stage phenomenon typically studied under simplified conditions, in which a sample is deformed under uniform ...

Prescribed 3-D Direct Writing of Suspended Micron/Sub-micron Scale Fiber Structures via a Robotic Dispensing System

暂停规定微米/亚微米尺度的纤维结构的3-D直写经全自动点胶系统

A 3-axis dispensing system is utilized to control the initiating and terminating fiber positions and trajectory via the dispensing software. The polymer ...

Experiments on Ultrasonic Lubrication Using a Piezoelectrically-assisted Tribometer and Optical Profilometer

使用超声波润滑实验一压电辅助摩擦试验机和光学轮廓

Friction and wear are detrimental to engineered systems. Ultrasonic lubrication is achieved when the interface between two sliding surfaces is vibrated at ...

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

对于新材料的低温磁输运测量先进的实验方法

Novel electronic materials are often produced for the first time by synthesis processes that yield bulk crystals (in contrast to single crystal thin film ...

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

基于闭环控制策略的智能机器人模块化设计与制作

Intelligent robots are part of a new generation of robots that are able to sense the surrounding environment, plan their own actions and eventually reach ...