Name: a simple method for isolation of soybean protoplasts and application to transient gene expression analyses
Uploaded: 2018-01-25T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple Method for Isolation of Soybean Protoplasts and Application to Transient Gene Expression Analyses at JoVE.com

Questo lavoro è stato supportato dal programma di ricerca del genoma di pianta dalla National Science Foundation (NSF-PGRP-IOS-1339388).

1. la crescita delle piante
<ol><li>Seminare i semi di soia 5-10 (Williams 82) in un vaso di 13 cm in serra in condizioni di giorno lungo (16 h luce alle 1.500 µmol m-2 s-1) a 25 ° C sul mix di terreno personalizzato per la soia (1:1:1 rapporto di sabbia del suolo, la perlite e la torpedine).</li>
</ol>2. preparazione del DNA del plasmide
<ol><li>Utilizzando una pipetta sterile o uno stuzzicadenti, scegli una singola Colonia o glicerolo congelati stock di e. coli</e...

<ol>
	<li>Melchers, G., Labib, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Somatic+hybridisation+of+plants+by+fusion+of+protoplasts.">Somatic hybridisation of plants by fusion of protoplasts.</a> Mol. Gen. Genet. 135 (4), 277-294 (1974).</li><li>Gresshoff, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+culture+of+white+clover:+callus,+suspension,+protoplast+culture,+and+plant+regeneration.">In vitro culture of white clover: callus, suspension, protoplast culture, and plant regeneration.</a> Bot. Gaz. 141 (2), 157-164 (1980).</li><li>L&#246;rz, H., Baker, B., Schell, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+transfer+to+cereal+cells+mediated+by+protoplast+transformation.">Gene transfer to cereal cells mediated by protoplast transformation.</a> Mol. Gen. Genet. 199 (2), 178-182 (1985).</li><li>Hayashimoto, A., Li, Z., Murai, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+polyethylene+glycol-mediated+protoplast+transformation+system+for+production+of+fertile+transgenic+rice+plants.">A polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation system for production of fertile transgenic rice plants.</a> Plant Physiol. 93 (3), 857-863 (1990).</li><li>Koop, H. -. U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integration+of+foreign+sequences+into+the+tobacco+plastome+via+polyethylene+glycol-mediated+protoplast+transformation.">Integration of foreign sequences into the tobacco plastome via polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation.</a> Planta. 199 (2), 193-201 (1996).</li><li>Hrazdina, G., Wagner, G. J., Siegelman, H. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Subcellular+localization+of+enzymes+of+anthocyanin+biosynthesis+in+protoplasts.">Subcellular localization of enzymes of anthocyanin biosynthesis in protoplasts.</a> Phytochemistry. 17 (1), 53-56 (1978).</li><li>Lin, W., Wittenbach, V. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Subcellular+localization+of+proteases+in+wheat+and+corn+mesophyll+protoplasts.">Subcellular localization of proteases in wheat and corn mesophyll protoplasts.</a> Plant Physiol. 67 (5), 969-972 (1981).</li><li>V&#246;geli-Lange, R., Wagner, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Subcellular+localization+of+cadmium+and+cadmium-binding+peptides+in+tobacco+leaves.">Subcellular localization of cadmium and cadmium-binding peptides in tobacco leaves.</a> Plant Physiol. 92 (4), 1086-1093 (1990).</li><li>Chen, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+highly+efficient+transient+protoplast+system+for+analyzing+defence+gene+expression+and+protein-protein+interactions+in+rice.">A highly efficient transient protoplast system for analyzing defence gene expression and protein-protein interactions in rice.</a> Mol. Plant Pathol. 7 (5), 417-427 (2006).</li><li>Wu, F. -. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tape-Arabidopsis+Sandwich-a+simpler+Arabidopsis+protoplast+isolation+method.">Tape-Arabidopsis Sandwich-a simpler Arabidopsis protoplast isolation method.</a> Plant methods. 5 (1), 16 (2009).</li><li>Christensen, A. H., Sharrock, R. A., Quail, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maize+polyubiquitin+genes:+structure,+thermal+perturbation+of+expression+and+transcript+splicing,+and+promoter+activity+following+transfer+to+protoplasts+by+electroporation.">Maize polyubiquitin genes: structure, thermal perturbation of expression and transcript splicing, and promoter activity following transfer to protoplasts by electroporation.</a> Plant Mol. Biol. 18 (4), 675-689 (1992).</li><li>Marcotte, W. R., Bayley, C. C., Quatrano, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+a+wheat+promoter+by+abscisic+acid+in+rice+protoplasts.">Regulation of a wheat promoter by abscisic acid in rice protoplasts.</a> Nature. 335 (6189), 454-457 (1988).</li><li>Dron, M., Clouse, S. D., Dixon, R. A., Lawton, M. A., Lamb, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glutathione+and+fungal+elicitor+regulation+of+a+plant+defense+gene+promoter+in+electroporated+protoplasts.">Glutathione and fungal elicitor regulation of a plant defense gene promoter in electroporated protoplasts.</a> P. Natl. A. Sci. USA. 85 (18), 6738-6742 (1988).</li><li>Cocking, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+the+isolation+of+plant+protoplasts+and+vacuoles.">A method for the isolation of plant protoplasts and vacuoles.</a> Nature. 187 (4741), 962-963 (1960).</li><li>Zhang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transgenic+rice+plants+produced+by+electroporation-mediated+plasmid+uptake+into+protoplasts.">Transgenic rice plants produced by electroporation-mediated plasmid uptake into protoplasts.</a> Plant Cell Rep. 7 (6), 379-384 (1988).</li><li>Fromm, M., Taylor, L. P., Walbot, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+genes+transferred+into+monocot+and+dicot+plant+cells+by+electroporation.">Expression of genes transferred into monocot and dicot plant cells by electroporation.</a> P. Natl. A. Sci. USA. 82 (17), 5824-5828 (1985).</li><li>Crossway, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integration+of+foreign+DNA+following+microinjection+of+tobacco+mesophyll+protoplasts.">Integration of foreign DNA following microinjection of tobacco mesophyll protoplasts.</a> Mol. Gen. Genet. 202 (2), 179-185 (1986).</li><li>Holm, P. B., Olsen, O., Schnorf, M., Brinch-Pedersen, H., Knudsen, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transformation+of+barley+by+microinjection+into+isolated+zygote+protoplasts.">Transformation of barley by microinjection into isolated zygote protoplasts.</a> Transgenic Res. 9 (1), 21-32 (2000).</li><li>Schapire, A. L., Lois, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simplified+and+rapid+method+for+the+isolation+and+transfection+of+Arabidopsis+leaf+mesophyll+protoplasts+for+large-scale+applications.">A simplified and rapid method for the isolation and transfection of Arabidopsis leaf mesophyll protoplasts for large-scale applications.</a> Plant Signal Transduction: Methods and Protocols. 1363, 79-88 (2016).</li><li>Niedz, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regeneration+of+somatic+embryos+from+sweet+orange+(C.+sinensis)+protoplasts+using+semi-permeable+membranes.">Regeneration of somatic embryos from sweet orange (C. sinensis) protoplasts using semi-permeable membranes.</a> Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 84 (3), 353-357 (2006).</li><li>Sheng, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protoplast+isolation+and+plant+regeneration+of+different+doubled+haploid+lines+of+cauliflower+(Brassica+oleracea+var.+botrytis).">Protoplast isolation and plant regeneration of different doubled haploid lines of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis).</a> Plant Cell Tiss. Org. 107 (3), 513-520 (2011).</li><li>Grun, P., Chu, L. -. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+plants+from+protoplasts+of+Solanum+(Solanaceae).">Development of plants from protoplasts of Solanum (Solanaceae).</a> Am. J. Bot. 65 (5), 538-543 (1978).</li><li>Davey, M. R., Anthony, P., Power, J. B., Lowe, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plant+protoplasts:+status+and+biotechnological+perspectives.">Plant protoplasts: status and biotechnological perspectives.</a> Biotechnol. Adv. 23 (2), 131-171 (2005).</li><li>Pitzschke, A., Persak, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Poinsettia+protoplasts-a+simple,+robust+and+efficient+system+for+transient+gene+expression+studies.">Poinsettia protoplasts-a simple, robust and efficient system for transient gene expression studies.</a> Plant methods. 8 (1), 14 (2012).</li><li>Yoo, S. -. D., Cho, Y. -. H., Sheen, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Arabidopsis+mesophyll+protoplasts:+a+versatile+cell+system+for+transient+gene+expression+analysis.">Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts: a versatile cell system for transient gene expression analysis.</a> Nat. Protoc. 2 (7), 1565 (2007).</li><li>Sedivy, E. J., Wu, F., Hanzawa, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Soybean+domestication:+the+origin,+genetic+architecture+and+molecular+bases.">Soybean domestication: the origin, genetic architecture and molecular bases.</a> New Phytol. 214 (2), 539-553 (2017).</li><li>Yang, Y., Li, R., Qi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+analysis+of+plant+promoters+and+transcription+factors+by+agroinfiltration+of+tobacco+leaves.">In vivo analysis of plant promoters and transcription factors by agroinfiltration of tobacco leaves.</a> Plant J. 22 (6), 543-551 (2000).</li><li>Marion, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+analysis+of+protein+subcellular+localization+and+interaction+using+high-throughput+transient+transformation+of+Arabidopsis+seedlings.">Systematic analysis of protein subcellular localization and interaction using high-throughput transient transformation of Arabidopsis seedlings.</a> Plant J. 56 (1), 169-179 (2008).</li><li>Wu, H. -. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AGROBEST:+an+efficient+Agrobacterium-mediated+transient+expression+method+for+versatile+gene+function+analyses+in+Arabidopsis+seedlings.">AGROBEST: an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression method for versatile gene function analyses in Arabidopsis seedlings.</a> Plant methods. 10 (1), 19 (2014).</li><li>Govindarajulu, M., Elmore, J. M., Fester, T., Taylor, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+constitutive+viral+promoters+in+transgenic+soybean+roots+and+nodules.">Evaluation of constitutive viral promoters in transgenic soybean roots and nodules.</a> Mol Plant Pathol. 21 (8), 1027-1035 (2008).</li><li>Nagamatsu, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+analysis+of+soybean+genes+involved+in+flavonoid+biosynthesis+by+virus-induced+gene+silencing.">Functional analysis of soybean genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis by virus-induced gene silencing.</a> Plant Biotechnol. J. 5 (6), 778-790 (2007).</li><li>Juvale, P. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temporal+and+spatial+Bean+pod+mottle+virus-induced+gene+silencing+in+soybean.">Temporal and spatial Bean pod mottle virus-induced gene silencing in soybean.</a> Mol. Plant Pathol. 13 (9), 1140-1148 (2012).</li><li>Zhang, C., Bradshaw, J. D., Whitham, S. A., Hill, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+development+of+an+efficient+multipurpose+bean+pod+mottle+virus+viral+vector+set+for+foreign+gene+expression+and+RNA+silencing.">The development of an efficient multipurpose bean pod mottle virus viral vector set for foreign gene expression and RNA silencing.</a> Plant Physiol. 153 (1), 52-65 (2010).</li><li>Lin, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+mesophyll+protoplasts+from+mature+leaves+of+soybeans.">Isolation of mesophyll protoplasts from mature leaves of soybeans.</a> Plant Physiol. 73 (4), 1067-1069 (1983).</li><li>Yi, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+single-repeat+MYB+transcription+factor,+GmMYB176,+regulates+CHS8+gene+expression+and+affects+isoflavonoid+biosynthesis+in+soybean.">A single-repeat MYB transcription factor, GmMYB176, regulates CHS8 gene expression and affects isoflavonoid biosynthesis in soybean.</a> Plant J. 62 (6), 1019-1034 (2010).</li><li>Faria, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+NAC+domain-containing+protein,+GmNAC6,+is+a+downstream+component+of+the+ER+stress-and+osmotic+stress-induced+NRP-mediated+cell-death+signaling+pathway.">The NAC domain-containing protein, GmNAC6, is a downstream component of the ER stress-and osmotic stress-induced NRP-mediated cell-death signaling pathway.</a> BMC Plant Biol. 11 (1), 129 (2011).</li><li>Kidokoro, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Soybean+DREB1/CBF-type+transcription+factors+function+in+heat+and+drought+as+well+as+cold+stress-responsive+gene+expression.">Soybean DREB1/CBF-type transcription factors function in heat and drought as well as cold stress-responsive gene expression.</a> Plant J. 81 (3), 505-518 (2015).</li><li>Sun, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+mutagenesis+in+soybean+using+the+CRISPR-Cas9+system.">Targeted mutagenesis in soybean using the CRISPR-Cas9 system.</a> Sci Rep-UK. 5, 10342 (2015).</li><li>Karimi, M., Inz&#233;, D., Depicker, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GATEWAY&#8482;+vectors+for+Agrobacterium-mediated+plant+transformation.">GATEWAY&#8482; vectors for Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation.</a> Trends Plant Sci. 7 (5), 193-195 (2002).</li><li>Xia, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Positional+cloning+and+characterization+reveal+the+molecular+basis+for+soybean+maturity+locus+E1+that+regulates+photoperiodic+flowering.">Positional cloning and characterization reveal the molecular basis for soybean maturity locus E1 that regulates photoperiodic flowering.</a> P. Natl. A. Sci. USA. 109 (32), E2155-E2164 (2012).</li></ol>

Questo protocollo per l'isolamento di protoplasti di soia e l'applicazione di studi di espressione transitoria è stato accuratamente testato e funziona molto bene nel nostro laboratorio. Le procedure sono semplici e facili e richiedono apparecchiature ordinarie e minimo costo. Il nostro protocollo produce grandi quantità di protoplasti di uniforme, di alta qualità rispetto ai metodi precedentemente segnalati34,35,36,</su...

Protoplasti sono cellule vegetali che hanno rimosse le pareti cellulari. Come mantengono la maggior parte delle caratteristiche e attività di cellule vegetali, protoplasti sono un sistema di buon modello di osservare e valutare diversi eventi cellulari e sono strumenti preziosi per studiare ibridazione somatica1 e impianto di rigenerazione2. Protoplasti sono stati anche ampiamente utilizzati per impianto trasformazione3,4,5, poiché le pareti cellulari altrimenti bloccherebbe il passaggio del DNA nella cellula. Protoplasti possiedono alcune delle risposte fisiologiche e processi cellulari di piante intatte, offrendo quindi un valore fondamentale nella ricerca di base per lo studio di proteine sottocellulari localizzazione6,7,8, interazioni proteina-proteina9,10e promotore attività11,12,13 in cellule vive.
L'isolamento di protoplasti di pianta in primo luogo è stato segnalato nel 196014 e i protocolli per l'isolamento e la trasformazione dei protoplasti sono stati sviluppati e ottimizzati. Una procedura standard di isolamento del protoplasto comporta il taglio delle foglie e la digestione enzimatica delle pareti cellulari, seguita dalla separazione dei protoplasti rilasciati da detriti del tessuto non digerito. Strategie di trasformazione include elettroporazione15,16, microinjection17,18e base di polietilenglicole (PEG)4,5,19 metodi. Una vasta gamma di specie sono stati segnalati successo per l'isolamento di protoplasti, compresi agrumi20, Brassica21, Solanaceae22 e altre piante ornamentali famiglie23,24. Mentre i tipi di tessuti diversi sono utilizzati in varie specie, un sistema di espressione transiente in protoplasti di Arabidopsis mesofillo (TEAMP) isolato dalle foglie della pianta modello Arabidopsis thaliana è stato affermata25 e ampiamente adottato per diverse applicazioni.
Soia (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) è una delle proteine più importanti e olio colture26. A differenza di Arabidopsis e riso, ottenimento di piante di soia transgenica è noto per essere piuttosto difficile e basso rendimento. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediata infiltrazione è stato popolarmente utilizzato per studi di espressione transiente in cellule epidermiche in tabacco27 e piantine in Arabidopsis28,29, considerando che Agrobacterium rhizogenes è stato utilizzato per la trasformazione delle radici pelosi in soia30. Approcci di silenziamento genica indotta da virus sono stati utilizzati per downregulation di destinazione geni31,32 e transitori espressione33 in maniera sistematica. Protoplasti forniscono una preziosa e versatile alternativa a questi approcci. Protoplasti possono essere ottenuti da materiali aboveground di soia e consentono l'espressione del transgene rapido e sincronizzato. Tuttavia, poiché l'isolamento iniziale successo dei protoplasti di soia nel 198334, ci sono stati rapporti limitati sull'applicazione dei protoplasti in soia35,36,37, 38, principalmente a causa della relativamente basse rese dei protoplasti di soia.
Qui, descriviamo un protocollo semplice ed efficiente per l'isolamento di protoplasti di soia e la sua applicazione per studi di espressione genica transitoria. Utilizzando foglie giovani unifoliate da piantine di soia, siamo stati in grado di ottenere grandi quantità di protoplasti vitali entro poche ore. Inoltre, abbiamo ottimizzato un metodo di trasformazione di PEG-calcio-mediata che è semplice e a basso costo per trasportare DNA in protoplasti di soia con alta efficienza.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="723">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">MES</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Sigma Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M8250-100G</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cellulase CELF</td>
			<td>Worthington Biological Corporation</td>
			<td>LS002611</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pectolyase Y-23</td>
			<td>BioWorld</td>
			<td>9033-35-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CELLULASE &#34;ONOZUKA&#34; R-10</td>
			<td>yakult</td>
			<td>10g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MACEROZYME R-10</td>
			<td>yakult</td>
			<td>10g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mannitol</td>
			<td>ICN Biomedicals&#160;</td>
			<td>152540</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td>Fisher&#160;</td>
			<td>C79-500g&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BSA</td>
			<td>NEB</td>
			<td>R3535S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DTT</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>D5545-5G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>S7653-1kg</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">KCl</td>
			<td>Fisher&#160;</td>
			<td>P217-500g&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MgCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>M8266-100g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PEG4000</td>
			<td>Fluka</td>
			<td>81240</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">nylon mesh</td>
			<td>carolina</td>
			<td>652222N</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Tissue Culture Plates&#160;</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>CC7682-7506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Razor Blades</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>12-640</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">hemacytometer</td>
			<td>hausserscientific</td>
			<td>1483</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td>27104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">EZNA plasmid miniprep kit</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Omega</td>
			<td>D6942-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">GeneJET Plasmid Miniprep Kit</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>K0502</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Centrifuge 5810</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5811000827</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Centrifuge 5424</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">eppendorf</td>
			<td>22620401</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Jencons Powerpette Plus Pipet Controller</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Jencons</td>
			<td>14526-202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:25px;width:256px;">Zeiss 710 Confocal Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:256px;">Nonstick, RNase-free Microfuge Tubes, 1.5 mL</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Ambion</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AM12450</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">15 mL Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Denville</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C1018-P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">50 mL Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Denville</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C1060-P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Newborn Calf Serum</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16010159</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Soil</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Ingram&#39;s Nursery</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">perlite</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Vigoro</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">100521091</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Torpedo Sand</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">JKS Ventures</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">LB Broth, Lennox (Powder)</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP1427-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a simple method for isolation of soybean protoplasts and application to transient gene expression analyses

Soia (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) è una specie di coltura importante ed è diventato un modello di legumi per gli studi delle vie genetiche e biochimiche. Pertanto, è importante stabilire un sistema di espressione genica transitoria efficiente in soia. Qui, segnaliamo un semplice protocollo per la preparazione dei protoplasti di soia e la sua applicazione per l'analisi funzionale transitorie. Abbiamo trovato che le foglie giovani unifoliate da piantine di soia ha provocato grandi quantità di protoplasti di alta qualità. Grazie all'ottimizzazione di un metodo di trasformazione PEG-calcio-mediata, abbiamo raggiunto l'efficienza di trasformazione alta utilizzando protoplasti unifoliate soia. Questo sistema fornisce un modello efficiente e versatile per l'esame dei complessi meccanismi di regolamentazione e di segnalazione in cellule di soia dal vivo e può aiutare per meglio comprendere diversi processi cellulari, inerente allo sviluppo e fisiologici dei legumi.

Diversi organi di soia 10 - giorno-vecchio sono stati testati per la preparazione del protoplasto (Figura 1) e i rendimenti sono stati osservati al microscopio (Figura 2). Pareti cellulari da ipocotile ed epicotyl erano appena digeriti, e alcune cellule siamo stati attaccati alla vicenda (Figura 2B, 2C). Nel cotiledone (Figura 2D) e radice (<strong class...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple Method for Isolation of Soybean Protoplasts and Application to Transient Gene Expression Analyses at JoVE.com

A Simple Method for Isolation of Soybean Protoplasts and Application to Transient Gene Expression Analyses

Abbiamo sviluppato un protocollo semplice ed efficiente per la preparazione di grandi quantità di protoplasti di soia studiare i complessi meccanismi di regolamentazione e di segnalazione in cellule vive.

Un metodo semplice per l'isolamento di protoplasti di soia e l'applicazione di analisi di espressione genica transitoria

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important crop species and has become a legume model for the studies of genetic and biochemical pathways. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

The Preparation of Primary Hematopoietic Cell Cultures From Murine Bone Marrow for Electroporation

La preparazione di colture primarie di cellule emopoietiche dal midollo osseo murino per elettroporazione

It is becoming increasingly apparent that electroporation is the most effective way to introduce plasmid DNA or siRNA into primary cells. The Gene Pulser ...

Ricerca

Biologia

RNA Isolation from Embryonic Zebrafish and cDNA Synthesis for Gene Expression Analysis

Isolamento RNA da embrionali Sintesi Zebrafish e cDNA per l&#39;analisi di espressione genica

Many important and complex laboratory procedures require an input of high quality, intact RNA.  A degraded sample or the presence of impurities can lead ...

Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System to Transfect Primary Cells with High Efficiency

Utilizzando il sistema di elettroporazione Gene Pulser MXcell per trasfettare cellule primarie con alta efficienza

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Hi-C: un metodo per studiare l&#39;architettura tridimensionale dei genomi.

The three-dimensional folding of chromosomes compartmentalizes the genome and and can bring distant functional elements, such as promoters and enhancers, ...

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

L&#39;utilizzo di un contatore automatico cella per semplificare gli studi sull&#39;espressione genica: Knockdown siRNA di IL-4 genica dipendente nelle celle Namalwa

The use of siRNA mediated gene knockdown is continuing to be an important tool in studies of gene expression.  siRNA studies are being conducted not only ...

Paraffin-Embedded and Frozen Sections of Drosophila Adult Muscles

Paraffin-Embedded and Frozen Sections of Drosophila Adult Muscles

Sezioni incluse in paraffina e surgelati di Drosophila Adulti Muscoli

The molecular characterization of muscular dystrophies and myopathies in humans has revealed the complexity of muscle disease and genetic analysis of ...

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Ricostituzione in vitro di Active T. castaneum telomerasi

Efforts to isolate the catalytic subunit of telomerase, TERT, in sufficient quantities for structural studies, have been met with limited success for more ...

Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA

Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA

Isolamento dei ribosomi Polipeptidi Bound nascenti<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Per identificare i siti di pausa traslazione lungo mRNA

The rate of translational elongation is non-uniform. mRNA secondary structure, codon usage and mRNA associated proteins may alter ribosome movement on the ...

Analysis of Global RNA Synthesis at the Single Cell Level following Hypoxia

Analisi globale di RNA Sintesi a livello di singola cellula seguente ipossia

Hypoxia or lowering of the oxygen availability is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. At the molecular level, cells initiate a ...

Transient Expression of Proteins by Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery in Mice

Espressione transiente di proteine ​​da parte idrodinamica Gene Consegna in topi

Efficient expression of transgenes in vivo is of critical importance in studying gene function and developing treatments for diseases. Over the past ...