Name: a simple method for isolation of soybean protoplasts and application to transient gene expression analyses
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Este trabalho foi financiado pelo programa de pesquisa do genoma de plantas da National Science Foundation (NSF-PGRP-IOS-1339388).

1. o crescimento das plantas
<ol><li>5-10 sementes de soja (82 Williams) em uma panela de 13 cm em estufa sob condições de longo-dia (16 h de luz em 1.500 µmol m-2 s-1) a 25 ° C, a mistura de solo personalizada da porca para soja (a 1: proporção de 1:1 de areia do solo, perlite e torpedo).</li>
</ol>2. preparação do ADN do plasmídeo
<ol><li>Usando a ponta da pipeta estéril ou palito de dente, escolher uma única colônia ou estoque de glicerol congelados de ...

<ol>
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Este protocolo para a isolação de protoplastas de soja e o aplicativo para estudos de expressão transiente tem sido exaustivamente testado e funciona muito bem em nosso laboratório. Os procedimentos são simples e fáceis e exigem equipamento normal e custo mínimo. Nosso protocolo produz grandes quantidades de protoplastas uniforme, de alta qualidade em comparação com métodos anteriormente relatados34,35,36,<s...

Protoplastas são células vegetais que possuem paredes celulares removidas. Como eles mantêm a maioria dos recursos e atividades das células vegetais, protoplastas são um bom modelo sistema para observar e avaliar diversos eventos celulares e são ferramentas valiosas para estudar a hibridação somática1 e regeneração2da planta. Protoplastas tem sido também amplamente utilizados para planta transformação3,4,5, desde paredes celulares caso contrário iria bloquear a passagem de DNA para a célula. Protoplastas de possuam algumas das respostas fisiológicas e processos celulares de plantas intactas, oferecendo, portanto, o valor fundamental na pesquisa básica para estudar a localização Subcellular da proteína6,7,8, de9,de interações proteína-proteína10e o promotor atividade11,12,13 em células vivem.
O isolamento dos protoplastas de planta foi primeiramente relatado em 196014 e os protocolos para isolamento e transformação de protoplastas foram desenvolvidos e optimizados. Um procedimento padrão de isolamento de protoplastos envolve o corte de folhas e digestão enzimática das paredes celulares, seguido de separação de protoplastas lançados de restos de tecido não-digeridos. Estratégias de transformação inclui electroporation15,16, microinjeção17,18e baseadas em polietileno glicol (PEG)4,5,19 métodos. Uma grande variedade de espécies têm sido relatados bem sucedida para o isolamento de protoplastos, incluindo cítricas20, Brassica21, Solanaceae22 e outras famílias de plantas ornamentais23,24. Enquanto o tecido diversos tipos são usados em várias espécies, um sistema de expressão transiente em protoplastos de mesofilo de Arabidopsis (TEAMP) isolado de folhas da planta modelo Arabidopsis thaliana tem sido bem estabelecida25 e amplamente adotado para diversas aplicações.
Feijão de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) é uma das mais importantes proteínas e óleo para as culturas26. Ao contrário de Arabidopsis e arroz, obtenção de plantas transgênicas de soja é conhecido por ser um pouco difícil e baixa eficiência. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediada por infiltração foi usada popularmente para estudos de expressão transiente gene nas células epidérmicas em tabaco27 e mudas em Arabidopsis28,29, Considerando que Agrobacterium rhizogenes tem sido usado para transformação de raízes peludas na soja30. Abordagens de silenciamento de gene induzida por vírus têm sido utilizadas para downregulation de alvo genes31,32 e transiente expressão33 de forma sistêmica. Protoplastas fornecem uma alternativa valiosa e versátil para essas abordagens. Protoplastas podem ser obtidos de materiais na superfície do feijão de soja e permitam a expressão do transgene rápida e sincronizada. No entanto, desde o isolamento de sucesso inicial de protoplastas de soja no 198334, houve limitados relatórios sobre a aplicação da protoplastas em soja35,36,37, 38, principalmente devido à relativamente baixos rendimentos de protoplastas de soja.
Aqui, descrevemos um protocolo simples e eficiente para o isolamento de protoplastas de soja e sua aplicação para estudos de expressão transiente de gene. Usando o jovens unifoliate folhas de plântulas de soja, fomos capazes de obter grandes quantidades de protoplastas vitais dentro de algumas horas. Além disso, otimizamos a um método de transformação de PEG-cálcio-mediada que é simples e de baixo custo para entregar o DNA nas protoplastas de soja com alta eficiência.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="723">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">MES</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Sigma Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M8250-100G</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cellulase CELF</td>
			<td>Worthington Biological Corporation</td>
			<td>LS002611</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pectolyase Y-23</td>
			<td>BioWorld</td>
			<td>9033-35-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CELLULASE &#34;ONOZUKA&#34; R-10</td>
			<td>yakult</td>
			<td>10g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MACEROZYME R-10</td>
			<td>yakult</td>
			<td>10g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mannitol</td>
			<td>ICN Biomedicals&#160;</td>
			<td>152540</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td>Fisher&#160;</td>
			<td>C79-500g&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BSA</td>
			<td>NEB</td>
			<td>R3535S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DTT</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>D5545-5G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>S7653-1kg</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">KCl</td>
			<td>Fisher&#160;</td>
			<td>P217-500g&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MgCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>M8266-100g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PEG4000</td>
			<td>Fluka</td>
			<td>81240</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">nylon mesh</td>
			<td>carolina</td>
			<td>652222N</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Tissue Culture Plates&#160;</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>CC7682-7506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Razor Blades</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>12-640</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">hemacytometer</td>
			<td>hausserscientific</td>
			<td>1483</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td>27104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">EZNA plasmid miniprep kit</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Omega</td>
			<td>D6942-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">GeneJET Plasmid Miniprep Kit</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>K0502</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Centrifuge 5810</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5811000827</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Centrifuge 5424</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">eppendorf</td>
			<td>22620401</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Jencons Powerpette Plus Pipet Controller</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Jencons</td>
			<td>14526-202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:25px;width:256px;">Zeiss 710 Confocal Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:256px;">Nonstick, RNase-free Microfuge Tubes, 1.5 mL</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Ambion</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AM12450</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">15 mL Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Denville</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C1018-P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">50 mL Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Denville</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C1060-P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Newborn Calf Serum</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16010159</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Soil</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Ingram&#39;s Nursery</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">perlite</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Vigoro</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">100521091</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Torpedo Sand</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">JKS Ventures</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">LB Broth, Lennox (Powder)</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP1427-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a simple method for isolation of soybean protoplasts and application to transient gene expression analyses

Feijão de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) é uma espécie de cultura importante e tornou-se um modelo de vegetal para os estudos das vias genéticas e bioquímicas. Portanto, é importante estabelecer um sistema de expressão de gene transiente eficiente em soja. Aqui, nós relatamos um protocolo simples para a preparação de protoplastas de soja e sua aplicação para análises funcionais transitórias. Nós achamos que o jovens unifoliate folhas de plântulas de soja resultaram em grandes quantidades de protoplastas de alta qualidade. Otimizando um método de transformação PEG-cálcio-mediada, atingimos a eficiência elevada de transformação usando protoplastas de unifoliate de soja. Este sistema fornece um modelo eficiente e versátil para exame dos complexos mecanismos de regulamentação e sinalização em células vivas de soja e pode ajudar a melhor compreender diversos processos celulares, fisiológicos e de desenvolvimento das leguminosas.

Diferentes órgãos de soja 10 dia de idade foram testados para a preparação de protoplastos (Figura 1) e rendimentos foram observados ao microscópio (Figura 2). Paredes celulares do hypocotyl e epicotyl foram mal digeridas, e algumas células ficaram anexadas ao outro (Figura 2B, 2C). No cotilédone (Figura 2D) e raiz (Figura 2A<...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple Method for Isolation of Soybean Protoplasts and Application to Transient Gene Expression Analyses at JoVE.com

A Simple Method for Isolation of Soybean Protoplasts and Application to Transient Gene Expression Analyses

Desenvolvemos um protocolo simples e eficiente para a preparação de grandes quantidades de protoplastas de soja estudar mecanismos complexos regulatórios e sinalização em células vivas.

Um método simples para o isolamento de aplicativo para análises de expressão de Gene transiente e protoplastas de soja

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important crop species and has become a legume model for the studies of genetic and biochemical pathways. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

The Preparation of Primary Hematopoietic Cell Cultures From Murine Bone Marrow for Electroporation

Elaboração de culturas de células primárias hematopoéticas de medula óssea de camundongos para Eletroporação

It is becoming increasingly apparent that electroporation is the most effective way to introduce plasmid DNA or siRNA into primary cells. The Gene Pulser ...

Biologia

RNA Isolation from Embryonic Zebrafish and cDNA Synthesis for Gene Expression Analysis

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The three-dimensional folding of chromosomes compartmentalizes the genome and and can bring distant functional elements, such as promoters and enhancers, ...

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

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The use of siRNA mediated gene knockdown is continuing to be an important tool in studies of gene expression.  siRNA studies are being conducted not only ...

Paraffin-Embedded and Frozen Sections of Drosophila Adult Muscles

Paraffin-Embedded and Frozen Sections of Drosophila Adult Muscles

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The molecular characterization of muscular dystrophies and myopathies in humans has revealed the complexity of muscle disease and genetic analysis of ...

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

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Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA

Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA

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The rate of translational elongation is non-uniform. mRNA secondary structure, codon usage and mRNA associated proteins may alter ribosome movement on the ...

Analysis of Global RNA Synthesis at the Single Cell Level following Hypoxia

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Hypoxia or lowering of the oxygen availability is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. At the molecular level, cells initiate a ...

Transient Expression of Proteins by Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery in Mice

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Efficient expression of transgenes in vivo is of critical importance in studying gene function and developing treatments for diseases. Over the past ...