Name: a simple method for isolation of soybean protoplasts and application to transient gene expression analyses
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Bu eser bitki genom araştırma programı Ulusal Bilim Vakfı (NSF-PGRP-IOS-1339388) tarafından desteklenmiştir.

1. bitkilerin büyüme
<ol><li>5-10 soya tohumları (Williams 82) özel toprak karışımı üzerinde 25 ° c (16 h 1500 µmol m-2 s-1ışık) uzun günlük koşullarda sera içinde 13 cm tencerede soya için ekmek (1:1:1 oran toprak, perlit ve torpido kum).</li>
</ol>2. plazmid DNA hazırlanması
<ol><li>Steril pipet ucu veya kürdan kullanarak, bir koloni veya faiz gen içeren plazmid taşıyan E. coli donmuş gliserol hisse senedi almak ve 20 mL Luria-Bertani ...

<ol>
	<li>Melchers, G., Labib, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Somatic+hybridisation+of+plants+by+fusion+of+protoplasts.">Somatic hybridisation of plants by fusion of protoplasts.</a> Mol. Gen. Genet. 135 (4), 277-294 (1974).</li><li>Gresshoff, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+culture+of+white+clover:+callus,+suspension,+protoplast+culture,+and+plant+regeneration.">In vitro culture of white clover: callus, suspension, protoplast culture, and plant regeneration.</a> Bot. Gaz. 141 (2), 157-164 (1980).</li><li>L&#246;rz, H., Baker, B., Schell, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+transfer+to+cereal+cells+mediated+by+protoplast+transformation.">Gene transfer to cereal cells mediated by protoplast transformation.</a> Mol. Gen. Genet. 199 (2), 178-182 (1985).</li><li>Hayashimoto, A., Li, Z., Murai, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+polyethylene+glycol-mediated+protoplast+transformation+system+for+production+of+fertile+transgenic+rice+plants.">A polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation system for production of fertile transgenic rice plants.</a> Plant Physiol. 93 (3), 857-863 (1990).</li><li>Koop, H. -. U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integration+of+foreign+sequences+into+the+tobacco+plastome+via+polyethylene+glycol-mediated+protoplast+transformation.">Integration of foreign sequences into the tobacco plastome via polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation.</a> Planta. 199 (2), 193-201 (1996).</li><li>Hrazdina, G., Wagner, G. J., Siegelman, H. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Subcellular+localization+of+enzymes+of+anthocyanin+biosynthesis+in+protoplasts.">Subcellular localization of enzymes of anthocyanin biosynthesis in protoplasts.</a> Phytochemistry. 17 (1), 53-56 (1978).</li><li>Lin, W., Wittenbach, V. 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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Subcellular+localization+of+cadmium+and+cadmium-binding+peptides+in+tobacco+leaves.">Subcellular localization of cadmium and cadmium-binding peptides in tobacco leaves.</a> Plant Physiol. 92 (4), 1086-1093 (1990).</li><li>Chen, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+highly+efficient+transient+protoplast+system+for+analyzing+defence+gene+expression+and+protein-protein+interactions+in+rice.">A highly efficient transient protoplast system for analyzing defence gene expression and protein-protein interactions in rice.</a> Mol. Plant Pathol. 7 (5), 417-427 (2006).</li><li>Wu, F. -. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tape-Arabidopsis+Sandwich-a+simpler+Arabidopsis+protoplast+isolation+method.">Tape-Arabidopsis Sandwich-a simpler Arabidopsis protoplast isolation method.</a> Plant methods. 5 (1), 16 (2009).</li><li>Christensen, A. H., Sharrock, R. A., Quail, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maize+polyubiquitin+genes:+structure,+thermal+perturbation+of+expression+and+transcript+splicing,+and+promoter+activity+following+transfer+to+protoplasts+by+electroporation.">Maize polyubiquitin genes: structure, thermal perturbation of expression and transcript splicing, and promoter activity following transfer to protoplasts by electroporation.</a> Plant Mol. Biol. 18 (4), 675-689 (1992).</li><li>Marcotte, W. R., Bayley, C. C., Quatrano, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+a+wheat+promoter+by+abscisic+acid+in+rice+protoplasts.">Regulation of a wheat promoter by abscisic acid in rice protoplasts.</a> Nature. 335 (6189), 454-457 (1988).</li><li>Dron, M., Clouse, S. D., Dixon, R. A., Lawton, M. A., Lamb, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glutathione+and+fungal+elicitor+regulation+of+a+plant+defense+gene+promoter+in+electroporated+protoplasts.">Glutathione and fungal elicitor regulation of a plant defense gene promoter in electroporated protoplasts.</a> P. Natl. A. Sci. USA. 85 (18), 6738-6742 (1988).</li><li>Cocking, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+the+isolation+of+plant+protoplasts+and+vacuoles.">A method for the isolation of plant protoplasts and vacuoles.</a> Nature. 187 (4741), 962-963 (1960).</li><li>Zhang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transgenic+rice+plants+produced+by+electroporation-mediated+plasmid+uptake+into+protoplasts.">Transgenic rice plants produced by electroporation-mediated plasmid uptake into protoplasts.</a> Plant Cell Rep. 7 (6), 379-384 (1988).</li><li>Fromm, M., Taylor, L. P., Walbot, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+genes+transferred+into+monocot+and+dicot+plant+cells+by+electroporation.">Expression of genes transferred into monocot and dicot plant cells by electroporation.</a> P. Natl. A. Sci. USA. 82 (17), 5824-5828 (1985).</li><li>Crossway, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integration+of+foreign+DNA+following+microinjection+of+tobacco+mesophyll+protoplasts.">Integration of foreign DNA following microinjection of tobacco mesophyll protoplasts.</a> Mol. Gen. Genet. 202 (2), 179-185 (1986).</li><li>Holm, P. B., Olsen, O., Schnorf, M., Brinch-Pedersen, H., Knudsen, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transformation+of+barley+by+microinjection+into+isolated+zygote+protoplasts.">Transformation of barley by microinjection into isolated zygote protoplasts.</a> Transgenic Res. 9 (1), 21-32 (2000).</li><li>Schapire, A. L., Lois, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simplified+and+rapid+method+for+the+isolation+and+transfection+of+Arabidopsis+leaf+mesophyll+protoplasts+for+large-scale+applications.">A simplified and rapid method for the isolation and transfection of Arabidopsis leaf mesophyll protoplasts for large-scale applications.</a> Plant Signal Transduction: Methods and Protocols. 1363, 79-88 (2016).</li><li>Niedz, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regeneration+of+somatic+embryos+from+sweet+orange+(C.+sinensis)+protoplasts+using+semi-permeable+membranes.">Regeneration of somatic embryos from sweet orange (C. sinensis) protoplasts using semi-permeable membranes.</a> Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 84 (3), 353-357 (2006).</li><li>Sheng, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protoplast+isolation+and+plant+regeneration+of+different+doubled+haploid+lines+of+cauliflower+(Brassica+oleracea+var.+botrytis).">Protoplast isolation and plant regeneration of different doubled haploid lines of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis).</a> Plant Cell Tiss. Org. 107 (3), 513-520 (2011).</li><li>Grun, P., Chu, L. -. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+plants+from+protoplasts+of+Solanum+(Solanaceae).">Development of plants from protoplasts of Solanum (Solanaceae).</a> Am. J. Bot. 65 (5), 538-543 (1978).</li><li>Davey, M. R., Anthony, P., Power, J. B., Lowe, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plant+protoplasts:+status+and+biotechnological+perspectives.">Plant protoplasts: status and biotechnological perspectives.</a> Biotechnol. Adv. 23 (2), 131-171 (2005).</li><li>Pitzschke, A., Persak, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Poinsettia+protoplasts-a+simple,+robust+and+efficient+system+for+transient+gene+expression+studies.">Poinsettia protoplasts-a simple, robust and efficient system for transient gene expression studies.</a> Plant methods. 8 (1), 14 (2012).</li><li>Yoo, S. -. D., Cho, Y. -. H., Sheen, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Arabidopsis+mesophyll+protoplasts:+a+versatile+cell+system+for+transient+gene+expression+analysis.">Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts: a versatile cell system for transient gene expression analysis.</a> Nat. Protoc. 2 (7), 1565 (2007).</li><li>Sedivy, E. J., Wu, F., Hanzawa, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Soybean+domestication:+the+origin,+genetic+architecture+and+molecular+bases.">Soybean domestication: the origin, genetic architecture and molecular bases.</a> New Phytol. 214 (2), 539-553 (2017).</li><li>Yang, Y., Li, R., Qi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+analysis+of+plant+promoters+and+transcription+factors+by+agroinfiltration+of+tobacco+leaves.">In vivo analysis of plant promoters and transcription factors by agroinfiltration of tobacco leaves.</a> Plant J. 22 (6), 543-551 (2000).</li><li>Marion, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+analysis+of+protein+subcellular+localization+and+interaction+using+high-throughput+transient+transformation+of+Arabidopsis+seedlings.">Systematic analysis of protein subcellular localization and interaction using high-throughput transient transformation of Arabidopsis seedlings.</a> Plant J. 56 (1), 169-179 (2008).</li><li>Wu, H. -. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AGROBEST:+an+efficient+Agrobacterium-mediated+transient+expression+method+for+versatile+gene+function+analyses+in+Arabidopsis+seedlings.">AGROBEST: an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression method for versatile gene function analyses in Arabidopsis seedlings.</a> Plant methods. 10 (1), 19 (2014).</li><li>Govindarajulu, M., Elmore, J. M., Fester, T., Taylor, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+constitutive+viral+promoters+in+transgenic+soybean+roots+and+nodules.">Evaluation of constitutive viral promoters in transgenic soybean roots and nodules.</a> Mol Plant Pathol. 21 (8), 1027-1035 (2008).</li><li>Nagamatsu, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+analysis+of+soybean+genes+involved+in+flavonoid+biosynthesis+by+virus-induced+gene+silencing.">Functional analysis of soybean genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis by virus-induced gene silencing.</a> Plant Biotechnol. J. 5 (6), 778-790 (2007).</li><li>Juvale, P. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temporal+and+spatial+Bean+pod+mottle+virus-induced+gene+silencing+in+soybean.">Temporal and spatial Bean pod mottle virus-induced gene silencing in soybean.</a> Mol. Plant Pathol. 13 (9), 1140-1148 (2012).</li><li>Zhang, C., Bradshaw, J. D., Whitham, S. A., Hill, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+development+of+an+efficient+multipurpose+bean+pod+mottle+virus+viral+vector+set+for+foreign+gene+expression+and+RNA+silencing.">The development of an efficient multipurpose bean pod mottle virus viral vector set for foreign gene expression and RNA silencing.</a> Plant Physiol. 153 (1), 52-65 (2010).</li><li>Lin, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+mesophyll+protoplasts+from+mature+leaves+of+soybeans.">Isolation of mesophyll protoplasts from mature leaves of soybeans.</a> Plant Physiol. 73 (4), 1067-1069 (1983).</li><li>Yi, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+single-repeat+MYB+transcription+factor,+GmMYB176,+regulates+CHS8+gene+expression+and+affects+isoflavonoid+biosynthesis+in+soybean.">A single-repeat MYB transcription factor, GmMYB176, regulates CHS8 gene expression and affects isoflavonoid biosynthesis in soybean.</a> Plant J. 62 (6), 1019-1034 (2010).</li><li>Faria, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+NAC+domain-containing+protein,+GmNAC6,+is+a+downstream+component+of+the+ER+stress-and+osmotic+stress-induced+NRP-mediated+cell-death+signaling+pathway.">The NAC domain-containing protein, GmNAC6, is a downstream component of the ER stress-and osmotic stress-induced NRP-mediated cell-death signaling pathway.</a> BMC Plant Biol. 11 (1), 129 (2011).</li><li>Kidokoro, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Soybean+DREB1/CBF-type+transcription+factors+function+in+heat+and+drought+as+well+as+cold+stress-responsive+gene+expression.">Soybean DREB1/CBF-type transcription factors function in heat and drought as well as cold stress-responsive gene expression.</a> Plant J. 81 (3), 505-518 (2015).</li><li>Sun, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+mutagenesis+in+soybean+using+the+CRISPR-Cas9+system.">Targeted mutagenesis in soybean using the CRISPR-Cas9 system.</a> Sci Rep-UK. 5, 10342 (2015).</li><li>Karimi, M., Inz&#233;, D., Depicker, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GATEWAY&#8482;+vectors+for+Agrobacterium-mediated+plant+transformation.">GATEWAY&#8482; vectors for Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation.</a> Trends Plant Sci. 7 (5), 193-195 (2002).</li><li>Xia, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Positional+cloning+and+characterization+reveal+the+molecular+basis+for+soybean+maturity+locus+E1+that+regulates+photoperiodic+flowering.">Positional cloning and characterization reveal the molecular basis for soybean maturity locus E1 that regulates photoperiodic flowering.</a> P. 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Bu iletişim kuralı soya önceki ve geçici ifade çalışmaları uygulama yalıtım için kapsamlı biçimde sınanmış ve çok iyi bizim laboratuarında çalışıyor. Yordamlar basit ve kolay ve sıradan ekipman ve minimum maliyet gerektirir. Bizim protokol Tekdüzen, yüksek kaliteli önceki daha önce bildirilen yöntemler34,35,36,37,38için karşılaş...

Önceki hücre duvarlarının kaldırılması içeren bitki hücreleri vardır. Onlar özelliklerin çoğunu ve bitki hücreleri faaliyetlerinin sürdürdükçe, önceki gözlemlemek ve çeşitli hücresel olaylar değerlendirmek için bir iyi model sistemi vardır ve somatik melezleştirme1 çalışma ve rejenerasyon2bitki değerli araçlardır. Hücre duvarları aksi halde DNA hücre içine geçişini engellemek istiyorsunuz bu yana önceki bitki dönüşümü3,4,5için aynı zamanda yaygın olarak kullanılan. Önceki bazı fizyolojik tepkilerin ve dolayısıyla hücre altı protein Yerelleştirme6,7,8çalışmaya temel araştırma temel değeri sunan sağlam bitkilerin hücresel süreçler sahip, protein-protein etkileşimleri9,10ve organizatörü etkinliği11,12,13 ' te hücreleri yaşıyor.
Bitki önceki yalıtım ilk 196014 ' te bildirildi ve protokolleri yalıtım ve önceki dönüşümü için geliştirilen ve en iyi duruma getirilmiş. Standart bir prosedür protoplast tecrit yaprakların kesme ve Enzimatik sindirim yayımlanan önceki ayrılması tarafından sindirilmiş sigara doku enkazı takip hücre duvarlarının içerir. Dönüşüm stratejileri elektroporasyon15,16, mikroenjeksiyon17,18ve polietilen glikol tabanlı (PEG)4,5,19 yöntemleri içerir. Türlerin geniş bildirilmiştir protoplast yalıtımı, narenciye20, Brassica21, Solanaceae22 ve diğer süs bitki aileler23,24gibi başarılı. Çeşitli doku tipleri çeşitli türler ise, Arabidopsis mesophyll işgal (TEAMP) geçici ifade Arabidopsis thaliana modeli bitki yapraklarından izole bir sistem iyi kurulmuş25 oldu ve çeşitli uygulamalar için yaygın olarak kabul edilen.
Soya (Glycine max (L.) Merr'e.) bir en önemli protein ve yağ26kırpar. Arabidopsis ve pirinç aksine, transgenik soya bitkiler elde etmek oldukça zor ve düşük verimlilik olduğu bilinmektedir. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-aracılı infiltrasyon halk kullanılan tütün27 ' deki epidermal hücrelerin ve fidan Arabidopsis28,29, geçici gen ifade araştırmaları için ise Agrobacterium rhizogenes kıllı soya30kökleri dönüştürme için kullanılmıştır. Virüs kaynaklı gene yaklaşımlar susturmak için hedef genlerin31,32 ve geçici ifade33 downregülasyon sistemik bir şekilde kullanılmıştır. Önceki bu yaklaşımlar için değerli ve çok yönlü bir alternatif sağlar. Önceki soya'nın yerüstü malzemelerden elde edilebilir ve hızlı ve senkronize transgene ifade sağlar. Ancak, soya önceki341983 yılından bu yana ilk başarılı yalıtım sınırlı rapor edilmiştir önceki soya35,36,37, ve uygulamaya 38, öncelikle soya önceki nispeten düşük verimleri nedeniyle.
Burada, soya önceki yalıtım için basit ve etkili iletişim kuralı ve uygulama geçici gen ifade Etütler açıklayın. Soya fidan genç unifoliate yaprakları kullanarak, biz büyük miktarda hayati önceki birkaç saat içinde elde edebildik. Buna ek olarak, basit ve düşük maliyetli DNA soya önceki yüksek verimlilik ile teslim etmek PEG-kalsiyum-aracılı dönüşüm yöntemi optimize.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="723">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">MES</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Sigma Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M8250-100G</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cellulase CELF</td>
			<td>Worthington Biological Corporation</td>
			<td>LS002611</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pectolyase Y-23</td>
			<td>BioWorld</td>
			<td>9033-35-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CELLULASE &#34;ONOZUKA&#34; R-10</td>
			<td>yakult</td>
			<td>10g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MACEROZYME R-10</td>
			<td>yakult</td>
			<td>10g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mannitol</td>
			<td>ICN Biomedicals&#160;</td>
			<td>152540</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td>Fisher&#160;</td>
			<td>C79-500g&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BSA</td>
			<td>NEB</td>
			<td>R3535S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DTT</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>D5545-5G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>S7653-1kg</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">KCl</td>
			<td>Fisher&#160;</td>
			<td>P217-500g&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MgCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>M8266-100g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PEG4000</td>
			<td>Fluka</td>
			<td>81240</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">nylon mesh</td>
			<td>carolina</td>
			<td>652222N</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Tissue Culture Plates&#160;</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>CC7682-7506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Razor Blades</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>12-640</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">hemacytometer</td>
			<td>hausserscientific</td>
			<td>1483</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td>27104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">EZNA plasmid miniprep kit</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Omega</td>
			<td>D6942-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">GeneJET Plasmid Miniprep Kit</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>K0502</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Centrifuge 5810</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5811000827</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Centrifuge 5424</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">eppendorf</td>
			<td>22620401</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Jencons Powerpette Plus Pipet Controller</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Jencons</td>
			<td>14526-202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:25px;width:256px;">Zeiss 710 Confocal Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:256px;">Nonstick, RNase-free Microfuge Tubes, 1.5 mL</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Ambion</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AM12450</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">15 mL Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Denville</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C1018-P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">50 mL Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Denville</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C1060-P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Newborn Calf Serum</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16010159</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Soil</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Ingram&#39;s Nursery</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">perlite</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Vigoro</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">100521091</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Torpedo Sand</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">JKS Ventures</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">LB Broth, Lennox (Powder)</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP1427-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a simple method for isolation of soybean protoplasts and application to transient gene expression analyses

Soya (Glycine max (L.) Merr'e.) bir önemli bitki türü ve genetik ve biyokimyasal yolları araştırmalar baklagil modeli haline geldi. Bu nedenle, soya içinde bir verimli geçici gen ifade sistemi kurmak önemlidir. Burada, soya önceki hazırlanması için basit bir protokol ve geçici işlevsel analizleri için uygulama raporu. Bulduk soya fidan genç unifoliate yaprakları kaliteli önceki büyük miktarlarda sonuçlandı. PEG-kalsiyum-aracılı dönüşüm yöntemi optimize ederek, soya unifoliate önceki kullanarak yüksek dönüşüm verimliliği elde etti. Bu sistem etkin ve çok yönlü modeli karmaşık düzenleyici ve sinyal mekanizmaları incelenmesi canlı soya hücrelerdeki için sağlar ve Bakliyat çeşitli hücresel, gelişimsel ve fizyolojik süreçleri anlamak zorunda yardım için daha iyi.

10 - gün eski soya fasulyesi farklı organları işgal hazırlık (şekil 1) için test edildi ve verimleri (Şekil 2) mikroskop altında gözlendi. Hücre duvarları hypocotyl ve epicotyl zor sindirmek ve bazı hücreler birbirine (2B şekil, 2 C) bağlı kaldı. Cotyledon (şekil 2B) ve kök (şekil 2A), hücre duvarları...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple Method for Isolation of Soybean Protoplasts and Application to Transient Gene Expression Analyses at JoVE.com

A Simple Method for Isolation of Soybean Protoplasts and Application to Transient Gene Expression Analyses

Biz canlı hücrelerdeki karmaşık düzenleyici ve sinyal mekanizmaları incelemek soya önceki büyük miktarlarda hazırlanması için basit ve etkili iletişim kuralı geliştirilmiştir.

Soya önceki ve geçici gen ifade analiz için uygulama yalıtım için basit bir yöntem

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important crop species and has become a legume model for the studies of genetic and biochemical pathways. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

The Preparation of Primary Hematopoietic Cell Cultures From Murine Bone Marrow for Electroporation

Hazırlık Elektroporasyon murin Kemik İliği itibaren İlköğretim Hematopoetik Hücre Kültürleri

It is becoming increasingly apparent that electroporation is the most effective way to introduce plasmid DNA or siRNA into primary cells. The Gene Pulser ...

RNA Isolation from Embryonic Zebrafish and cDNA Synthesis for Gene Expression Analysis

Gen İfadesi Analizi Embriyonik Zebra balığı ve cDNA Sentezi RNA İzolasyon

Many important and complex laboratory procedures require an input of high quality, intact RNA.  A degraded sample or the presence of impurities can lead ...

Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System to Transfect Primary Cells with High Efficiency

Yüksek Verimli Primer Hücre Transfect Gen Verici MXcell Elektroporasyon Sistemi

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Hi-C: genomların Üç boyutlu Mimari Eğitim Bir Yöntem.

The three-dimensional folding of chromosomes compartmentalizes the genome and and can bring distant functional elements, such as promoters and enhancers, ...

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

Gen İfadesi Çalışmaları basitleştirin Otomatik Hücre Sayıcı kullanma: Namalwa Hücreler IL-4 Bağımlı Gen İfadesi siRNA demonte

The use of siRNA mediated gene knockdown is continuing to be an important tool in studies of gene expression.  siRNA studies are being conducted not only ...

Paraffin-Embedded and Frozen Sections of Drosophila Adult Muscles

Paraffin-Embedded and Frozen Sections of Drosophila Adult Muscles

Parafin ve Dondurulmuş Bölüm Drosophila Yetişkin Kaslar

The molecular characterization of muscular dystrophies and myopathies in humans has revealed the complexity of muscle disease and genetic analysis of ...

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Active T. in vitro Sulandırma castaneum Telomeraz

Efforts to isolate the catalytic subunit of telomerase, TERT, in sufficient quantities for structural studies, have been met with limited success for more ...

Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA

Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA

Ribozom Bağlı Doğan Polipeptitler İzolasyonu<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; MRNA boyunca Translasyonel Duraklat Siteleri Belirleme

The rate of translational elongation is non-uniform. mRNA secondary structure, codon usage and mRNA associated proteins may alter ribosome movement on the ...

Analysis of Global RNA Synthesis at the Single Cell Level following Hypoxia

Ününüz Aşağıdaki Tek Hücre Düzeyinde Küresel RNA Sentezi Analizi

Hypoxia or lowering of the oxygen availability is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. At the molecular level, cells initiate a ...

Transient Expression of Proteins by Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery in Mice

Farelerde Hidrodinamik Gen Taşıyıcı Proteinlerin Geçici İfadesi

Efficient expression of transgenes in vivo is of critical importance in studying gene function and developing treatments for diseases. Over the past ...