Name: autonomous and rechargeable microneurostimulator endoscopically implantable into the submucosa
Uploaded: 2018-09-27T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Autonomous and Rechargeable Microneurostimulator Endoscopically Implantable into the Submucosa at JoVE.com

作者声明他们没有竞争的财政利益。

所有内镜手术, 包括动物实验都已在捷克共和国 PIGMOD 动物生理学和遗传学研究所 (生物医学中心, Libechov, 捷克共和国) 批准 (在植入的项目实验无电池和电池设备进入黏膜下层的食管和胃实验研究)。所有的实验都是遵照捷克法律246/1992 某人 "关于保护动物免受虐待, 经修订"。发射机设备不需要被灭菌, 因为它是一个外部设备, 是不与动物直接接触。
1. 植入装置设计
<ol><li>使用?...

<ol>
	<li>Abell, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gastric+electrical+stimulation+for+medically+refractory+gastroparesis.">Gastric electrical stimulation for medically refractory gastroparesis.</a> Gastroenterology. 125 (2), 421-428 (2003).</li><li>O'Grady, G., Egbuji, J., Du, P., Cheng, L. K., Pullan, A. J., Windsor, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-frequency+gastric+electrical+stimulation+for+the+treatment+of+gastroparesis:+a+meta-analysis.">High-frequency gastric electrical stimulation for the treatment of gastroparesis: a meta-analysis.</a> World J Surg. 33 (8), 1693-1701 (2009).</li><li>Chu, H., Lin, Y., Zhong, L., McCallum, R. W., Hou, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+of+high-frequency+gastric+electrical+stimulation+for+gastroparesis.">Treatment of high-frequency gastric electrical stimulation for gastroparesis.</a> J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 27 (6), 1017-1026 (2012).</li><li>Rodr&#237;guez, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrical+stimulation+therapy+of+the+lower+esophageal+sphincter+is+successful+in+treating+GERD:+final+results+of+open-label+prospective+trial.">Electrical stimulation therapy of the lower esophageal sphincter is successful in treating GERD: final results of open-label prospective trial.</a> Surg Endosc. 27 (4), 1083-1092 (2013).</li><li>Ellis, F., Berne, T. V., Settevig, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+prevention+of+experimentally+induced+reflux+by+electrical+stimulation+of+the+distal+esophagus.">The prevention of experimentally induced reflux by electrical stimulation of the distal esophagus.</a> Am J Surg. 115, 482-487 (1968).</li><li>Rinsma, N. F., Bouvy, N. D., Masclee, A. A. M., Conchillo, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrical+Stimulation+Therapy+for+Gastroesophageal+Reflux+Disease.">Electrical Stimulation Therapy for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.</a> J Neurogastroenterol. 20 (3), 287-293 (2014).</li><li>Medtronic Inc, . <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Enterra Therapy 3116 - Gastric Electrical Stimulation System. , (2016).</li><li>Rodriguez, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two-year+results+of+intermittent+electrical+stimulation+of+the+lower+esophageal+sphincter+treatment+of+gastroesophageal+reflux+disease.">Two-year results of intermittent electrical stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.</a> Surgery. 157 (3), 556-567 (2015).</li><li>Hajer, J., Nov&#225;k, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+an+Autonomous+Endoscopically+Implantable+Submucosal+Microdevice+Capable+of+Neurostimulation+in+the+Gastrointestinal+Tract.">Development of an Autonomous Endoscopically Implantable Submucosal Microdevice Capable of Neurostimulation in the Gastrointestinal Tract.</a> Gastroent Res Pract. , 8098067 (2017).</li><li>Deb, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+innovative+techniques+for+the+endoscopic+implantation+and+securing+of+a+novel,+wireless,+miniature+gastrostimulator+(with+videos).">Development of innovative techniques for the endoscopic implantation and securing of a novel, wireless, miniature gastrostimulator (with videos).</a> Gastrointest. Endosc. 76 (1), 179-184 (2012).</li><li>Jiang, G., Zhou, D. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Technology advances and challenges in hermetic packaging for implantable medical devices. , (2017).</li><li>Vonthein, R., Heimerl, T., Schwandner, T., Ziegler, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrical+stimulation+and+biofeedback+for+the+treatment+of+fecal+incontinence:+a+systematic+review.">Electrical stimulation and biofeedback for the treatment of fecal incontinence: a systematic review.</a> Int J Colorectal Dis. 28 (11), 1567-1577 (2013).</li></ol>

植入装置的设计应主要关注设备的整体尺寸、可实现的刺激外形 (最大电压、最大可交付电流、脉冲长度和脉冲频率)。从硬件角度来看, 主要的限制是适当组件的大小和可用性。为了最小化整体尺寸, 表面贴装组件是首选, 因为其紧凑的包装。最好的解决方案是将裸芯片模具集成到基板上。然而, 这是有限的可用的裸模具包装选项的组件和可访问性的电线粘合技术。第二个重要参数是电池。锂电池?...

胃动力障碍可以是一些比较常见的疾病, 如胃轻瘫的迹象, 这通常是慢性进展的特点, 并对患者的社会、工作和身体状况施加相当严重的后果。大多数的胃轻瘫病例通常是糖尿病或特发性的起源, 通常对现有药物有抗药性1。患者患有这种情况最常见的是恶心和反复呕吐。在前人研究的基础上, 应用高频低能量电刺激可以有效缓解和减轻胃动力障碍1、2的症状。
在前人研究的基础上, 证明高频胃电刺激可显著改善胃排空障碍3。结果表明, 下食管括约肌神经刺激器治疗胃食管反流病 (食管逆流), 减少酸暴露, 消除每日质子泵抑制剂 (PPI) 的使用是安全有效的, 无需刺激相关不良反应4。在人类试验之前, 第一项研究是在动物模型 (犬模型5) 上进行的。根据这些研究, 电刺激下食管括约肌 (les, 20 赫兹, 脉宽3毫秒) 造成了长期收缩的 LES5。研究了胃食管反流病患者高 (20 赫兹、脉宽200微秒) 和低 (6 转/分、脉宽375毫秒) 电刺激对 LES 的相似效应。高、低频刺激均有效6。然而, 目前, 只有两个神经刺激设备的胃或食道刺激可利用的市场7,8。在这些设备中, 电极可以植入手术, 腹腔或机器人。该设备本身被植入皮下。这需要全身麻醉, 并有一个笨重的设备安装, 使用肌肉导管, 可以刺激胃或食管肌肉组织。因此, 选择使用无线通讯设备植入胃黏膜下层将是一个明确的优势和改善患者的舒适性。如前一项研究9、10所述, 事实证明, 将微型神经刺激器植入黏膜下层是可能的。在内镜下黏膜下植入术中, 我们使用一种称为内镜下黏膜下扒窃 (ESP) 的技术, 基于内镜下黏膜下隧道解剖10。本研究的目的是进一步改进这种植入式神经刺激器的概念, 主要是在电源管理 (特别是无线充电能力) 的范围内, 符合各自的无线通信法规医学植入装置中的通信链路和双极神经刺激的可能性。其次, 提出的 microneurostimulator 是双向通信的, 即使在植入设备的同时, 也可以实时改变激励参数。
该技术适用于有治疗 endoscopist 经验的内镜扒窃或隧道解剖的团队。接下来, 我们需要一个硬件和嵌入式软件设计师, 有经验的硬件原型与微控制器和射频电路使用表面贴装技术。为了构建硬件原型, 需要一个装有回流焊站的实验室和电气测量的基本设备 (至少有数字万用表、示波器、频谱分析仪和 PICkit3 程序员)。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 ceramic capacitor 1.8 pF</td>
			<td>AVX</td>
			<td>04025U1R8BAT2A</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 ceramic capacitor 100 nF</td>
			<td>TDK</td>
			<td>CGA2B3X7R1H104K050BB</td>
			<td>7 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 ceramic capacitor 100 pF</td>
			<td>Murata Electronics</td>
			<td>GRM1555C1H101JA01D</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 thick film resistor 10 k&#937;</td>
			<td>Vishay</td>
			<td>CRCW040210K7FKED</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 ceramic capacitor 10 nF</td>
			<td>Murata Electronics</td>
			<td>GRM155R71C103KA01D</td>
			<td>3 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 ceramic capacitor 10 pF</td>
			<td>Murata Electronics</td>
			<td>GJM1555C1H100JB01D</td>
			<td>3 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 ceramic capacitor 12 pF</td>
			<td>Murata Electronics</td>
			<td>GJM1555C1H120JB01D</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 ceramic capacitor 18 pF</td>
			<td>KEMET</td>
			<td>C0402C180J3GACAUTO</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 resistor 1 m&#937;</td>
			<td>Vishay</td>
			<td>MCS04020C1004FE000</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 resistor 1 k&#937;</td>
			<td>Yageo</td>
			<td>RC0402FR-071KL</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 ceramic capacitor 1 nF</td>
			<td>Murata Electronics</td>
			<td>GRM1555C1H102JA01D</td>
			<td>3 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0603 ceramic capacitor 2.2 uF</td>
			<td>Murata Electronics</td>
			<td>GCM188R70J225KE22D</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 resistor 220 k&#937;</td>
			<td>Vishay</td>
			<td>CRCW0402220KJNED</td>
			<td>5 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0805 22 uH inductor</td>
			<td>TDK</td>
			<td>MLZ2012N220LT000</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 resistor 330 k&#937;</td>
			<td>Vishay</td>
			<td>CRCW0402330KFKED</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0603 ceramic capacitor 4.7 uF</td>
			<td>TDK</td>
			<td>C1608X6S1C475K080AC</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 resistor 470 &#937;</td>
			<td>Vishay</td>
			<td>RCG0402470RJNED</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 resistor 470 k&#937;</td>
			<td>Vishay</td>
			<td>CRCW0402470KJNED</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0603 inductor 470 nH</td>
			<td>Murata Electronics</td>
			<td>LQW18ANR47G00D</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 resistor 47 k&#937;</td>
			<td>Murata Electronics</td>
			<td>CRCW040247K0JNED</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>27.0000 MHz crystal 5032</td>
			<td>AVX / Kyocera</td>
			<td>KC5032A27.0000CMGE00</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 capacitor 6.8 pF</td>
			<td>Murata Electronics</td>
			<td>GJM1555C1H6R8CB01D</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 inductor 82 nH</td>
			<td>EPCOS / TDK</td>
			<td>B82498F3471J</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ABS05 32.768 kHz crystal</td>
			<td>ABRACON</td>
			<td>ABS05-32.768KHZ-T</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CDBU00340-HF schottky diode</td>
			<td>COMCHIP technology</td>
			<td>CDBU00340-HF</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CG-320S Li-Ion pinpoint battery</td>
			<td>Panasonic</td>
			<td>CG-320S</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HSMS282P schottky diode rectifier</td>
			<td>Broadcom / Avago</td>
			<td>HSMS-282P-TR1G</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MAX8570 step-up converter</td>
			<td>Maxim Integrated</td>
			<td>MAX8570EUT+T</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MICRF113 RF transmitter</td>
			<td>Microchip Technology</td>
			<td>MICRF113YM6-TR</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4.3 V Zener diode</td>
			<td>ON Semiconductor</td>
			<td>MM3Z4V3ST1G</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OPA237 operational amplifier</td>
			<td>Texas Instruments</td>
			<td>OPA237N</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PIC16LF1783 8-bit microcontroller</td>
			<td>Microchip Technology</td>
			<td>PIC16LF1783-I/ML</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TPS70628 low-drop regulator</td>
			<td>Texas Instruments</td>
			<td>TPS70628DBVT</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 1206 thick film resistor 0 &#937;</td>
			<td>Yageo</td>
			<td>RC1206JR-070RL</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0603 thick film resistor 0 &#937;</td>
			<td>Yageo</td>
			<td>RC0603JR-070RL</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 thick film resistor 100 k&#937;</td>
			<td>Yageo</td>
			<td>RC0402FR-07100KL</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0603 thick film resistor 100 k&#937;</td>
			<td>Yageo</td>
			<td>RC0603FR-07100KL</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0805 ceramic capacitor 100 nF</td>
			<td>KEMET</td>
			<td>C0805C104K5RAC7210</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 thick film resistor 10 k&#937;</td>
			<td>Yageo</td>
			<td>RC0402JR-0710KL</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 1206 ceramic capacitor 10 nF</td>
			<td>Samsung</td>
			<td>CL31B103KHFSW6E</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 thick film resistor 1 k&#937;</td>
			<td>Yageo</td>
			<td>RC0402JR-071KL</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 thick film resistor 220 &#937;</td>
			<td>Yageo</td>
			<td>RC0402JR-07220RL</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 ceramic capacitor 220 nF</td>
			<td>TDK</td>
			<td>C1005X5R1C224K050BB</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 1206 ceramic capacitor 22 nF</td>
			<td>TDK</td>
			<td>C3216X7R2J223K130AA</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SMC B tantalum capacitor 22 uF</td>
			<td>AVX</td>
			<td>TPSB226K010T0700&#160;</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 thick film resistor 27 &#937;</td>
			<td>Yageo</td>
			<td>RC0402FR-0727RL</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 1206 thick film resistor 3.3 &#937;</td>
			<td>Yageo</td>
			<td>RC1206JR-073K3L</td>
			<td>3 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SOT23 3.3V zener diode</td>
			<td>ON Semiconductor</td>
			<td>BZX84C3V3LT1G</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SMC A tantalum capacitor 4.7uF</td>
			<td>KEMET</td>
			<td>T491A475M016AT</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0603 thick film resistor 470 &#937;</td>
			<td>Yageo</td>
			<td>RC0603JR-07470RL</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 1206 ceramic capacitor 470 nF</td>
			<td>KEMET</td>
			<td>C1206C471J5GACTU</td>
			<td>3 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrolytic capacitor 470 uF</td>
			<td>Panasonic</td>
			<td>EEE-1CA471UP</td>
			<td>3 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIA 0402 ceramic capacitor 47 pF</td>
			<td>AVX</td>
			<td>04025A470JAT2A</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0603 GREEN LED</td>
			<td>Lite-On Inc.</td>
			<td>LTST-C191KGKT</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0603 RED LED</td>
			<td>Lite-On Inc.</td>
			<td>LTST-C191KRKT</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>16 MHz CX3225 crystal</td>
			<td>EPSON</td>
			<td>FA-238 16.0000MB-C3</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0805 ferrite bead</td>
			<td>Wurth Electronics Inc.</td>
			<td>742792040</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IR2110SO FET driver</td>
			<td>Infineon Technologies</td>
			<td>IR2110SPBF</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FT230XS USB to seri&#225;l converter</td>
			<td>FTDI Ltd.</td>
			<td>FT230XS-R</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mini USB connector</td>
			<td>EDAC Inc.</td>
			<td>690-005-299-043</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PIC16F1783 8-bit microcontroller</td>
			<td>Microchip Technology</td>
			<td>PIC16F1783-I/ML</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>REG1117 3.3 V regulator SOT223</td>
			<td>Texas Instruments</td>
			<td>REG1117-3.3/2K5</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Schottky SMB diode rectifier</td>
			<td>STMicroelectronics</td>
			<td>STPS3H100UF</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SMB package TVS diode</td>
			<td>Littelfuse Inc.</td>
			<td>1KSMBJ6V8</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IRLZ44NPBF N-channel MOSFET</td>
			<td>Infineon Technologies</td>
			<td>IRLZ44NPBF</td>
			<td>2 pcs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RTL2832U receiver dongle</td>
			<td>EVOLVEO</td>
			<td>Mars</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PICkit 3</td>
			<td>Microchip Technology</td>
			<td>PICkit 3</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mini USB to USB A cable</td>
			<td>OEM</td>
			<td>Mini USB to USB-A</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Printed circuit board, implantable device</td>
			<td>---</td>
			<td>Manufacture with the provided supplementary file</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Printed circuit board, transmitter/receiver device</td>
			<td>---</td>
			<td>Manufacture with the provided supplementary file</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Printed circuit board, implantable device</td>
			<td>---</td>
			<td>Manufacture with the provided supplementary file</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AWG18 wire</td>
			<td>Alpha Wire</td>
			<td>3055 BK001</td>
			<td>2 m</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AWG42 wire</td>
			<td>Daburn Electronics</td>
			<td>2420/42 BK-100</td>
			<td>1 m</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Olympus GIFQ-160</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>N/A (part is obsoleted)</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single-use electrosurgical knife with knob-shaped tip and integrated jet function</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>KD-655L</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single-use oval electrosurgical snare</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>SD-210U-15</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15.5 mm lens hood</td>
			<td>FujiFilm</td>
			<td>DH-28GR</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Injection therapy needle catheter</td>
			<td>Boston Scientific</td>
			<td>25G</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alligator law grasping forceps</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>FG-6L-1</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Instant Mix 5 min epoxy</td>
			<td>Loctite</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heat shrinkable tubing, inside diameter 9.5 mm</td>
			<td>TE Connectivity</td>
			<td>RNF-100-3/8-X-STK</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ChipQuik solder paste</td>
			<td>Chip Quik</td>
			<td>SMD4300AX10</td>
			<td>1 pc</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

autonomous and rechargeable microneurostimulator endoscopically implantable into the submucosa

胃动力障碍可能是常见疾病的标志, 如长期糖尿病。应用高频低能量刺激可有效缓解胃动力障碍的症状, 提高其效果。研究的目的是开发一个微型的, 内窥镜植入装置的黏膜下口袋。植入装置是一种完全定制的电子封装, 专门为黏膜下层的实验目的而设计。该装置装有锂离子电池, 可通过接收来自充电/发射线圈的入射磁场来无线充电。上行通信以 432 MHz 的 MedRadio 波段实现。该装置被内窥镜插入到一个活体猪的黏膜下袋中, 用作体内模型, 特别是胃窦。实验证实, 所设计的装置可植入黏膜下层, 具有双向通信能力。该装置可对肌肉组织进行双极刺激。

图 17显示, 内镜下放置胃神经刺激器到黏膜下层的口袋里, 以及正确放置电极到肌肉层是成功的。设备的尺寸 (图 10) 为 35 x 15 x 5 毫米3 , 而重量为 2.15 g.图 17显示了设备的电路图, 表明该设备包括6个不同模块, 它们连接在一起。图 3显示了设备中的 PCB 布局和组件放置。<strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Autonomous and Rechargeable Microneurostimulator Endoscopically Implantable into the Submucosa at JoVE.com

Autonomous and Rechargeable Microneurostimulator Endoscopically Implantable into the Submucosa

高频低能量刺激的应用可以缓解胃动力障碍的症状。在这项研究中, 提出了一个微型, 内窥镜植入和无线可充电装置, 植入到黏膜下口袋里。成功的双向沟通和刺激控制是在生猪实验中取得的。

自主和可充电 Microneurostimulator 内窥镜植入黏膜下层

Gastric dysmotility can be a sign of common diseases such as longstanding diabetes mellitus. It is known that the application of high-frequency ...

这种技术的主要优点是，它提供了一个显著较少的侵入性方法。一般来说，由于植入式设备开发是一门需要硬件和软件设计经验的学科，因此对这种方法的新鲜用户将难以为之奋斗。该方法的视觉演示至关重要，因为内窥镜植入是目前日常实践中未采用的实验程序。要开始此过程，请将多氯联苯放在平面上。使用带 0.6 毫米针和 60 PSI 压力的焊膏分配器，手动将少于 15 微升的焊膏分配到 PCB 上的每个金属垫上。从PCB的顶部开始。使用一对防静电钳子，将所有组件放在 PCB 的顶层。将组件位置和组件分配给其编号。之后，使用PCB热气枪站在260摄氏度焊接所有组件。等待所有焊膏融化。将热气枪收起来，让板冷却到室温。将 PCB 连接到除电池以外的所有其他电气部件。将无线充电通信线圈焊接到焊盘二和三，然后将天线连接到焊盘一和PCB电极到四号和五号焊盘。之后，将 CG-320 电池焊接到垫片 6 和 7。电池的负端子必须在垫 7 上焊接。执行下一步时要小心。该设备现已通电，对短路和与金属物体接触非常敏感。接下来，用热气枪将油管收缩至150摄氏度，然后让其冷却。之后，将环氧树脂涂抹到左端，密封管子的一侧，然后用管子将电极粘附到PCB背面。随后，密封管的另一端。在此步骤中，将多氯联苯放在平面上。使用带 0.6 毫米针和 60 PSI 压力的焊膏分配器，手动将少于 50 微升的焊膏分配到 PCB 上的每个金属垫上。使用一对防静电钳子，将所有组件放在 PCB 的顶层。将组件位置和组件分配给其编号。使用 PCB 热气枪站预设温度为 260 摄氏度，焊接所有组件。等待所有焊膏融化。将热气枪收起来，让板冷却到室温。接下来，12 伏电源连接到墙壁，USB 连接器插入 PC。之后，打开 PuTTY 软件。选择串行作为连接类型，然后输入 COMX 作为串行线路，其中 X 是设备的 COM 端口编号。如果未安装其他 COM 端口设备，则此号码为 1。输入 38，400 作为速度。单击"打开"。充电器发射器设备现已准备就绪，可以使用。为了执行植入和可视化，请将动物模型专用内窥镜插入一个可植入装置，并将其放入胃中。在胃中时，松开设备。之后，提取内窥镜。用解剖帽装备它，然后重新插入胃部。为了将设备植入亚木科萨，使用注射治疗针导管将与甲基蓝色混合的盐水溶液应用到亚粘膜层中。使用带旋钮形尖端的电外科刀在亚木科萨创建开口，进行水平切口。将贴盖插入新创建的空间并使用电外科刀，继续破坏、扩张和解剖亚粘膜层，以创建足够大的口袋来插入刺激装置。用抓手正确定向的电极，抓住自由躺在胃内的装置，并引导它进入亚粘膜口袋。之后，使用两个止血夹将设备固定到位，放在亚粘膜口袋内。然后拉出内窥镜。将 Ovesco 夹子放在内窥镜上，然后重新插入胃中。将内窥镜定向到口袋，抓住口袋的两侧并应用 Ovesco。之后，检查 Ovesco 的正确位置。成功植入后，将充电器发射器线圈放在植入装置附近，然后插入 PC 中的 RTL2832 加密狗。运行 HDSDR 软件，将中心频率设置为 432 兆赫。随后，选择 LO 频率到 431.95 兆赫，然后选择调谐频率到 432.00 兆赫。选择带宽到 960，000。通过按下 PuTTY 终端中的 R 键，从充电器发射器传输曼彻斯特编码的序列，然后从主 HDSDR 窗口中显示的植入物接收 OOK 调制答复。此处显示的是 PCB 的顶部铜层。组件名称在顶层上指示。这里是PCB的底部铜层。组件名称位于最底层。此图显示了所有 PCB 层的复合图像。一旦掌握，这项技术可以在四小时内完成植入设备制造和一个小时的设备植入和测试，如果执行得当。在尝试此过程时，在植入前验证植入设备的所有功能非常重要。按照此过程，可以执行其他方法，如算法的进一步发展和数据处理，以回答其他问题，如方法的效率。该技术开发后，为胃肠病学领域的研究人员探索胃肠道第三空间铺平了道路。看完这段视频后，您应该对如何进行亚木科萨自主胃微营养刺激器的内窥镜植入有一个很好的理解。不要忘记，使用焊接膏和电子制造（包括使用热气枪）时可能很危险，执行此过程时应始终佩戴手套和安全眼镜等预防措施。

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Ultrasound-Guided Microinjection into the Mouse Forebrain In Utero at E9.5

Ultrasound-Guided Microinjection into the Mouse Forebrain In Utero at E9.5

超声引导下显微注射到小鼠前脑在子宫内在E9.5

In utero survival surgery in mice permits the molecular manipulation of gene expression during development.  However, because the uterine wall is opaque ...

科研

神经科学

Using Insect Electroantennogram Sensors on Autonomous Robots for Olfactory Searches

在自主机器人以昆虫触角电位传感器的嗅觉搜索

Robots designed to track chemical leaks in hazardous industrial facilities1 or explosive traces in landmine fields2 face the same problem as insects ...

Stereotaxic Infusion of Oligomeric Amyloid-beta into the Mouse Hippocampus

低聚淀粉样蛋白-β的立体灌注到小鼠海马

Alzheimer&#8217;s disease is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the aging population. A key neuropathological feature of the disease is the ...

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

病毒颗粒和荧光微球侧脑室和血管内注入新生儿脑

In the study on the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis, the infection method is critical. The first of the two main infectious routes to the brain is the ...

Mouse Microsurgery Infusion Technique for Targeted Substance Delivery into the CNS via the Internal Carotid Artery

Mouse Microsurgery Infusion Technique for Targeted Substance Delivery into the CNS via the Internal Carotid Artery

鼠标显微注水技术进行有针对性的物质传递到中枢神经系统<i&gt;通过</i&gt;的颈内动脉

Animal models of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and, consequently, blood-brain barrier disruption diseases, require the delivery of exogenous ...

Cannula Implantation into the Cisterna Magna of Rodents

将套管植入啮齿动物的麦格纳池中

Cisterna magna cannulation (CMc) is a straightforward procedure that enables direct access to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) without operative damage to ...

Transplantation of Chemogenetically Engineered Cortical Interneuron Progenitors into Early Postnatal Mouse Brains

将化学遗传工程皮质内神经内生前生移植到早期产后小鼠大脑

Neuronal development is regulated by a complex combination of environmental and genetic factors. Assessing the relative contribution of each component is ...

Delivery of Antibodies into the Murine Brain via Convection-enhanced Delivery

通过对流增强的传递将抗体输送到毛里脑

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a neurosurgical technique enabling effective perfusion of large brain volumes using a catheter system. Such an ...

How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns

如何获得新生儿中可靠的视觉事件相关潜力

The present study discusses the characteristics of visual event-related potentials (VEPs) and outlines methodological steps for obtaining reliable ...

An Implantable System For Chronic In Vivo Electromyography

慢性活体电成像的植入系统

Electromyography (EMG) measures the muscle response to electrical stimulation or spontaneous activity of motor units and plays an important role in ...