Name: preparation of murine submandibular salivary gland for upright intravital microscopy
Uploaded: 2018-05-07T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Murine Submandibular Salivary Gland for Upright Intravital Microscopy at JoVE.com

Dette arbeidet ble finansiert av Swiss National Foundation (SNF) prosjektet grant 31003A_135649, 31003A_153457 og 31003A_172994 (til JVS) og Leopoldina fellesskap LPDS 2011-16 (til BS). Dette arbeidet benefitted fra optisk oppsett av "Mikroskopi Imaging Center" (MIC) av universitetet i Bern.

Alle dyr arbeid er godkjent av den Cantonal komiteen for dyr eksperimentering og følge føderale retningslinjer.
1. bedøve musen
<ol><li>Bruk personlig verneutstyr, inkludert Laboratoriefrakk og hansker.</li>
	<li>Bland Ketamin, xylazine og saltvann til en fungerende konsentrasjon på 20 mg/mL og 1 mg/mL, henholdsvis. Injisere arbeider aksjen intraperitoneally (IP) på 8-10 µL/g av musen. Plass musen tilbake i buret. Merk: Denne protokollen er testet for 6 - 40-uke-gamle mannlige og kv...

<ol>
	<li>Pakurar, A. S., Bigbee, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Digestive+System.">Digestive System.</a> Digital Histology. , 101-121 (2005).</li><li>Carpenter, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+Saliva+in+the+Oral+Processing+of+Food.">Role of Saliva in the Oral Processing of Food.</a> Food Oral Processing. , 45-60 (2012).</li><li>Masedunskas, A., Weigert, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intravital+two-photon+microscopy+for+studying+the+uptake+and+trafficking+of+fluorescently+conjugated+molecules+in+live+rodents.">Intravital two-photon microscopy for studying the uptake and trafficking of fluorescently conjugated molecules in live rodents.</a> Traffic. 9 (10), 1801-1810 (2008).</li><li>Amano, O., Mizobe, K., Bando, Y., Sakiyama, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anatomy+and+histology+of+rodent+and+human+major+salivary+glands.">Anatomy and histology of rodent and human major salivary glands.</a> Acta Histochem Cytochem. 45 (5), 241-250 (2012).</li><li>Sequeira, S. J., Larsen, M., DeVine, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracellular+matrix+and+growth+factors+in+salivary+gland+development.">Extracellular matrix and growth factors in salivary gland development.</a> Front Oral Biol. 14, 48-77 (2010).</li><li>Takeyama, A., Yoshikawa, Y., Ikeo, T., Morita, S., Hieda, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+patterns+of+CD66a+and+CD117+in+the+mouse+submandibular+gland.">Expression patterns of CD66a and CD117 in the mouse submandibular gland.</a> Acta Histochem. 117 (1), 76-82 (2015).</li><li>Hata, M., Ueki, T., Sato, A., Kojima, H., Sawa, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+podoplanin+in+the+mouse+salivary+glands.">Expression of podoplanin in the mouse salivary glands.</a> Arch Oral Biol. 53 (9), 835-841 (2008).</li><li>Proctor, G. B., Carpenter, G. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+salivary+gland+function+by+autonomic+nerves.">Regulation of salivary gland function by autonomic nerves.</a> Auton Neurosci. 133 (1), 3-18 (2007).</li><li>Le, A., Saverin, M., Hand, A. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distribution+of+Dendritic+Cells+in+Normal+Human+Salivary+Glands.">Distribution of Dendritic Cells in Normal Human Salivary Glands.</a> Acta Histochem Cytochem. 44 (4), 165-173 (2011).</li><li>Hofmann, M., Pircher, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=E-cadherin+promotes+accumulation+of+a+unique+memory+CD8+T-cell+population+in+murine+salivary+glands.">E-cadherin promotes accumulation of a unique memory CD8 T-cell population in murine salivary glands.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci. 108 (40), 16741-16746 (2011).</li><li>Bombardieri, M., Barone, F., Lucchesi, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inducible+tertiary+lymphoid+structures,+autoimmunity,+and+exocrine+dysfunction+in+a+novel+model+of+salivary+gland+inflammation+in+C57BL/6+mice.">Inducible tertiary lymphoid structures, autoimmunity, and exocrine dysfunction in a novel model of salivary gland inflammation in C57BL/6 mice.</a> J Immunol. 189 (7), 3767-3776 (2012).</li><li>Szwarc, M. M., Kommagani, R., Jacob, A. P., Dougall, W. C., Ittmann, M. M., Lydon, J. 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F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stabilized+imaging+of+immune+surveillance+in+the+mouse+lung.">Stabilized imaging of immune surveillance in the mouse lung.</a> Nat Methods. 8 (8), 91-96 (2011).</li><li>Liou, H. L. R., Myers, J. T., Barkauskas, D. S., Huang, A. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intravital+imaging+of+the+mouse+popliteal+lymph+node.">Intravital imaging of the mouse popliteal lymph node.</a> J Vis Exp. (60), e3720 (2012).</li><li>Sramkova, M., Masedunskas, A., Parente, L., Molinolo, A., Weigert, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+plasmid+DNA+in+the+salivary+gland+epithelium:+novel+approaches+to+study+dynamic+cellular+processes+in+live+animals.">Expression of plasmid DNA in the salivary gland epithelium: novel approaches to study dynamic cellular processes in live animals.</a> Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 297 (6), C1347-C1357 (2009).</li><li>Masedunskas, A., Porat-shliom, N., Tora, M., Milberg, O., Weigert, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intravital+microscopy+for+imaging+subcellular+structures+in+live+mice+expressing+fluorescent+proteins.">Intravital microscopy for imaging subcellular structures in live mice expressing fluorescent proteins.</a> J Vis Exp. 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(51), e3074 (2011).</li><li>Chen, G. Y., Nu&#241;ez, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sterile+inflammation:+Sensing+and+reacting+to+damage.">Sterile inflammation: Sensing and reacting to damage.</a> Nat Rev Immunol. 10 (12), 826-837 (2010).</li><li>McLaren, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Some+causes+of+variation+of+body+temperature+in+mice.">Some causes of variation of body temperature in mice.</a> Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci. 46 (1), 38-45 (1961).</li><li>Baumgart, K., Wagner, F., Gr&#246;ger, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+and+metabolic+effects+of+hypothermia+and+inhaled+hydrogen+sulfide+in+anesthetized+and+ventilated+mice.">Cardiac and metabolic effects of hypothermia and inhaled hydrogen sulfide in anesthetized and ventilated mice.</a> Crit Care Med. 38 (2), 588-595 (2010).</li><li>Crouch, A. 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Denne protokollen gir en enkel tilnærming ved i vivo avbildning av murine submandibular og sublinguale spyttkjertler bruke oppreist ulineær mikroskopi ofte brukt i immunologi. Metoden kan tilpasses for avbilding av andre exocrine kjertler i hodet og nakken. For eksempel, har vår lab utført bildebehandling av lacrimal kjertel på en tilsvarende måte (ikke vist).
Fjerne connective vev rundt SMG er det mest kritiske trinnet av denne protokollen, siden utilsiktet vev skader kan oppst...

Spytt er skilt ut av exocrine kjertler å smøre mat, beskytte mucosal overflater i muntlig tarmkanalen, og å levere fordøyelsesenzymer samt antimikrobielle stoffer1,2. I tillegg til mindre spyttkjertler ispedd i den muntlige submucosa, finnes det tre bilaterale sett store kjertler som Parodisk, sublinguale og submandibular, i henhold til deres plassering1,2. Pyramideformede epitelceller, organisert i kolbe-formet sacs (acini) eller demilunes som er omgitt av myoepithelial celler og en kjeller membran, skiller serous og slimete komponentene i spytt1. Smale luminal løpet av de acini ut i under Sommer kanaler, som samle inn striated kanaler før de endelig blir med i en enkelt excretory rør1. Den viktigste excretory duct av SMG kalles Wharton's duct (WD) og åpner i sublinguale caruncle3,4. SMG epithelial batterirommet representerer derfor en svært arborized med mangfoldige terminal endepunkt, ligner en bunt av druer1,5,6. Den SMG interstitium består av blod og lymphatic fartøyer i bindevev7 inneholder parasympatiske nerver8 og ekstracellulær matrix5. Normale menneskelige og gnager spyttkjertler også inneholde T celler, makrofager og dendrittiske celler9, så vel som plasma celler det avsondre immunglobulin en (IgA) i spytt9,10. På grunn av mangefasettert funksjoner i helse og sykdom er SMG et tema av interesse for mange felt av biologisk forskning, inkludert odontologi4, immunologi11, onkologi12, fysiologi8og cellebiologi 3.
Avbildning av dynamisk cellulære prosesser og -samhandlinger er et kraftig verktøy i biologiske13,14. Utviklingen av dype vev bildebehandling og innovasjoner inmicroscopes basert på ikke-lineær optikk (NLO), som bruker spredning eller absorpsjon av flere fotoner av utvalget, har tillatt direkte undersøke mobilnettet prosesser i komplekse vev13 ,15. Absorpsjon av flere fotoner innebærer levering av totale eksitasjon energi ved lav energi fotoner, hvilke rammen fluorophore eksitasjon til fokalplanet og dermed lar dypere vev gjennomtrenging med redusert photodamage og støy fra ut av fokus eksitasjon13,15. Dette prinsippet er ansatt av to-fotonet mikroskopi (2 PM) og tillater bildebehandling av fluorescerende i dypet av opptil 1 mm15,16. Mens kommersielt tilgjengelig 2 PM oppsett har blitt brukervennlig og pålitelig, er den store utfordringen for intravital avbildning nøye avsløre og stabilisere målet orgelet bedøvet mus, spesielt for avbilding av tid forfalle serien. Flere metoder for digital drift korreksjon etter datainnsamling har blitt publisert17,18 og vi nylig utviklet "VivoFollow", en automatisert rettelsen system, som motvirker langsom vev drift i sanntid ved hjelp av en datastyrt scenen19. Imidlertid er det fortsatt avgjørende for høykvalitets tenkelig for å minimere vev bevegelse, spesielt raske bevegelser forårsaket av pusting eller hjerteslag19. Forberedelse og stabilisering er publisert for flere organer, inkludert ryggmarg20, lever21, hud22, lunge23og lymfeknute24. Videre modeller for rotte salivary kjortelen imaging er utviklet3,25 og videre raffinert ved høy oppløsning intravital avbildning av murint SMG tilpasset en invertert mikroskop installasjonsprogrammet26, 27 , 28.
Her presenterer vi en praktisk og tilpasningsdyktig protokoll for intravital avbildning av murine SMG bruke oppreist lineære mikroskopi, som er vanlig for intravital imaging i immunologi. Dette endret vi en viden ansatt immobilisering scenen brukes for femoral lymfeknute preparater.

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			<td>Narketan 10 %&#160; (Ketamine) 20ml (100 mg/ml)</td>
			<td>Vetoquinol</td>
			<td>3605877535982</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Rompun 2% (Xylazine) 25 ml (20 mg/ml)</td>
			<td>Bayer</td>
			<td>680538150144</td>
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			<td>Saline NaCl 0.9%</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>3535789</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Prequillan 1% (Acepromazine) 10 ml (10 mg/ml)</td>
			<td>Fatro</td>
			<td>6805671900029</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electric shaver</td>
			<td>Wahl</td>
			<td>9818L</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hair removal cream</td>
			<td>Veet</td>
			<td>4002448090656</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Durapore Surgical tape (2.5 cm x 9.1 m and 1.25 cm x 9.1 m)</td>
			<td>Durapore (3M)</td>
			<td>1538-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Durapore Surgical tape (2.5 cm x 9.1 m and 1.25 cm x 9.1 m)</td>
			<td>Durapore (3M)</td>
			<td>1538-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Super glue Ultra gel, instantaneous glue</td>
			<td>Pattex, Henkel</td>
			<td>4015000415040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope cover glass slides 20 mm and 22 mm</td>
			<td>Menzel-Gl&#228;ser</td>
			<td>631-1343/ 631-1344</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Grease for laboratories 60 g glisseal N</td>
			<td>Borer (VWR supplier)</td>
			<td>DECO514215.00-CA15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools (F.S.T )</td>
			<td>14090-09</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools (F.S.T )</td>
			<td>11252-20</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton swab</td>
			<td>Migros</td>
			<td>617027988254</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gauze Gazin 5 x 5 cm</td>
			<td>Lohmann and Rauscher</td>
			<td>18500</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>MZ16</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Texas Red dextran 70kDa</td>
			<td>&#160;Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>D1864</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cascade Blue dextran 10kDa</td>
			<td>invitrogen</td>
			<td>D1976</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Two-photon system</td>
			<td>LaVision Biotec</td>
			<td>TrimScope I and II</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>XLUMPLANFL 20x/0.95 W objective</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>or other water immersion objective&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digital thermometer</td>
			<td>Fluke</td>
			<td>95969077651</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparation of murine submandibular salivary gland for upright intravital microscopy

Det submandibular salivary kjortelen (SMG) er en av tre store spyttkjertler, og er av interesse for mange ulike felt av biologisk forskning, inkludert cellebiologi, onkologi, odontologi og immunologi. SMG er en exocrine kjertel består av sekretoriske epitelceller, myofibroblasts, endotelceller, nerver og ekstracellulær matrix. Dynamisk cellulære prosesser i rotte og mus SMG har tidligere blitt avbildet, hovedsakelig ved hjelp av invertert multi Foton mikroskop systemer. Her beskriver vi en enkel protokoll kirurgiske og stabilisering av murine SMG i bedøvet mus for i vivo bildebehandling med oppreist multi Foton mikroskop systemer. Vi presenterer representant intravital image sett av endogene og overført adoptively fluorescerende cellene, inkludert merkingen av blodkar eller salivary kanaler og andre harmonisk generasjon å visualisere fibrillar kollagen. I sum tillater våre protokollen kirurgisk utarbeidelse av musen spyttkjertler i oppreist mikroskopi systemer, som er brukt for intravital imaging i immunologi.

Denne protokollen tillater avbilding av nesten hele dorsal eller ventral side av SMG. Synsfelt vanligvis inkluderer også det sublinguale salivary kjortelen, som er litt forskjellig fra SMG i mobilnettet komposisjon4. Begge kjertler er innkapslet av fibrillar kollagen og inndelt i fliker. De fleste 2 PM systemer kan produsere et etikett-gratis bilde av fibrillar kollagen ved å måle 2nd harmonisk signalet, men vanligvis fluorescerende molekyler er nødv...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Murine Submandibular Salivary Gland for Upright Intravital Microscopy at JoVE.com

Preparation of Murine Submandibular Salivary Gland for Upright Intravital Microscopy

Utarbeidelse av Murine Submandibular Salivary kjortelen for stående Intravital mikroskopi

Vi beskriver en protokoll for å kirurgisk avsløre og stabilisere det murine submandibular salivary kjortelen intravital bildevisning oppreist intravital mikroskopi. Denne protokollen er lett tilpasses andre exocrine kjertler av hodet og nakken regionen av mus og annet liten Red.

The submandibular salivary gland (SMG) is one of the three major salivary glands, and is of interest for many different fields of biological research, ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Intravital Microscopy of the Inguinal Lymph Node

Lymph nodes (LN's), located throughout the body, are an integral component of the immune system. They serve as a site for induction of adaptive immune ...

Intravital Imaging of the Mouse Thymus using 2-Photon Microscopy

Intravital Imaging av Mouse Thymus med 2-Photon Mikroskopi

Two-photon Microscopy (TPM) provides image acquisition in deep areas inside tissues and organs. In combination with the development of new stereotactic ...

Intravital Microscopy of the Spleen: Quantitative Analysis of Parasite Mobility and Blood Flow

Intravital Mikroskopi av Spleen: Kvantitativ analyse av Parasite Mobilitet og Blood Flow

The advent of intravital microscopy in experimental rodent malaria models has allowed major advances to the knowledge of parasite-host interactions 1,2. ...

Saliva, Salivary Gland, and Hemolymph Collection from Ixodes scapularis Ticks

Saliva, Salivary Gland, and Hemolymph Collection from Ixodes scapularis Ticks

Spytt, spyttkjertel, og Hemolymph Collection fra Ixodes Scapularis Flått

Ticks are found worldwide and afflict humans with many tick-borne illnesses. Ticks are vectors for pathogens that cause Lyme disease and tick-borne ...

Highly Resolved Intravital Striped-illumination Microscopy of Germinal Centers

Meget Løst Intravital Striped-belysning Mikroskopi av Germinal Centers

Monitoring cellular communication by intravital deep-tissue multi-photon microscopy is the key for understanding the fate of immune cells within thick ...

Intravital Microscopy Imaging of the Liver following Leishmania Infection: An Assessment of Hepatic Hemodynamics

Intravital Microscopy Imaging of the Liver following Leishmania Infection: An Assessment of Hepatic Hemodynamics

Intramikroskopi Imaging av leveren følgende<em&gt; Leishmania</em&gt; Infeksjon: An Assessment of Lever hemodynamikken

Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful optical imaging technique that has made possible the visualization, monitoring and quantification of various ...

Long Term Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy Imaging of Immune Cells in Healthy and Diseased Liver Using CXCR6.Gfp Reporter Mice

Long Term intra multiphoton Mikros Imaging av immunceller i friske og syke leveren Bruke CXCR6.Gfp Reporter Mus

Liver inflammation as a response to injury is a highly dynamic process involving the infiltration of distinct subtypes of leukocytes including monocytes, ...

A Method for the Measurement of Salivary Gland Function in Mice

En metode for måling av Salivary kjortelen funksjon i mus

Patients with Sj&#246;gren&#39;s syndrome, an autoimmune disease affecting the exocrine glands, develop salivary gland inflammation and have reduced ...

Imaging Cell Interaction in Tracheal Mucosa During Influenza Virus Infection Using Two-photon Intravital Microscopy

Bildebehandling celle interaksjon i Tracheal Mucosa under influensa Virus smitte med to-fotonet Intravital mikroskopi

The analysis of cell-cell or cell-pathogen interaction in vivo is an important tool to understand the dynamics of the immune response to infection. ...