Name: following endocardial tissue movements via cell photoconversion in the zebrafish embryo
Uploaded: 2018-02-20T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Following Endocardial Tissue Movements via Cell Photoconversion in the Zebrafish Embryo at JoVE.com

我们要感谢安妮-玛丽·韦尔坎贝里弗朗辛·杜舍芒, 丹尼斯弗朗辛·杜舍芒, 纳塔莉 Faggianelli 和巴西莱 Gurchenkov 帮助设计和制作本协议中描述的模具。这项工作得到了 FRM (DEQ20140329553)、国家情报局 (ANR-15-CE13-0015-01、ANR-12-ISV2-0001-01)、EMBO 青年调查员计划、欧洲共同体、紧急救济机构 N°682938 Evalve 和赠款 ANR-10-LABX-0030-INRT 的支助, 由一个法国国有基金管理, 由研究所的框架计划 Investissements 艾文莉标记 ANR-10-IDEX-0002-02。

1. 制备模具和安装琼脂糖
<ol><li>使用3D 打印机或传统的机械车间工具, 创建具有图 1所示尺寸的模具。</li>
	<li>吸管约1.5 毫升熔化1% 琼脂糖成35毫米塑料安装盘。将塑料模具放在液体琼脂糖中, 注意避免在霉菌和琼脂糖之间捕获空气。把盘子放在4摄氏度, 等到琼脂糖变硬 (这大约需要5分钟), 然后取出塑料模具。</li>
	<li>要储存安装盘供以后使用, 用盖子盖上盘子, 然后用 parafilm...

<ol>
	<li>Chow, R. W., Vermot, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+rise+of+photoresponsive+protein+technologies+applications+in+vivo:+a+spotlight+on+zebrafish+developmental+and+cell+biology.">The rise of photoresponsive protein technologies applications in vivo: a spotlight on zebrafish developmental and cell biology.</a> F1000Res. 6, (2017).</li><li>Sehnert, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+troponin+T+is+essential+in+sarcomere+assembly+and+cardiac+contractility.">Cardiac troponin T is essential in sarcomere assembly and cardiac contractility.</a> Nat Genet. 31, 106-110 (2002).</li><li>Peal, D. S., Lynch, S. N., Milan, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patterning+and+development+of+the+atrioventricular+canal+in+zebrafish.">Patterning and development of the atrioventricular canal in zebrafish.</a> J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 4, 720-726 (2011).</li><li>Boselli, F., Freund, J. B., Vermot, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood+flow+mechanics+in+cardiovascular+development.">Blood flow mechanics in cardiovascular development.</a> Cell Mol Life Sci. 72 (13), 2545-2559 (2015).</li><li>Steed, E., Boselli, F., Vermot, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemodynamics+driven+cardiac+valve+morphogenesis.">Hemodynamics driven cardiac valve morphogenesis.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. , (2015).</li><li>Boselli, F., Vermot, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+imaging+and+modeling+for+shear+stress+quantification+in+the+embryonic+zebrafish+heart.">Live imaging and modeling for shear stress quantification in the embryonic zebrafish heart.</a> Methods. , (2015).</li><li>Steed, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=klf2a+couples+mechanotransduction+and+zebrafish+valve+morphogenesis+through+fibronectin+synthesis.">klf2a couples mechanotransduction and zebrafish valve morphogenesis through fibronectin synthesis.</a> Nat Commun. 7, 11646 (2016).</li><li>Herwig, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+cellular+mechanisms+of+blood+vessel+fusion+in+the+zebrafish+embryo.">Distinct cellular mechanisms of blood vessel fusion in the zebrafish embryo.</a> Curr Biol. 21 (22), 1942-1948 (2011).</li><li>Boselli, F., Steed, E., Freund, J., Vermot, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anisotropic+shear+stress+patterns+predict+the+orientation+of+convergent+tissue+movements+in+the+embryonic+heart.">Anisotropic shear stress patterns predict the orientation of convergent tissue movements in the embryonic heart.</a> Development. , (2017).</li><li>Lombardo, V. A., Sporbert, A., Abdelilah-Seyfried, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+Tracking+Using+Photoconvertible+Proteins+During+Zebrafish+Development.">Cell Tracking Using Photoconvertible Proteins During Zebrafish Development.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (67), (2012).</li><li>JoVE Science Education Database. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Biology II: Mouse, Zebrafish, and Chick. Zebrafish Breeding and Embryo Handling. , (2017).</li><li>Watanabe, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibitory+effect+of+2,3-butanedione+monoxime+(BDM)+on+Na(+)/Ca(2+)+exchange+current+in+guinea-pig+cardiac+ventricular+myocytes.">Inhibitory effect of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange current in guinea-pig cardiac ventricular myocytes.</a> Br J Pharmacol. 132 (6), 1317-1325 (2001).</li><li>Jou, C. J., Spitzer, K. W., Tristani-Firouzi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blebbistatin+effectively+uncouples+the+excitation-contraction+process+in+zebrafish+embryonic+heart.">Blebbistatin effectively uncouples the excitation-contraction process in zebrafish embryonic heart.</a> Cell Physiol Biochem. 25 (4-5), 419-424 (2010).</li><li>Pestel, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+3D+visualization+of+cellular+rearrangements+during+cardiac+valve+formation.">Real-time 3D visualization of cellular rearrangements during cardiac valve formation.</a> Development. 143 (12), 2217-2227 (2016).</li><li>Swinburne, I. A., Mosaliganti, K. R., Green, A. A., Megason, S. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+Long-Term+Imaging+of+Embryos+with+Genetically+Encoded+alpha-Bungarotoxin.">Improved Long-Term Imaging of Embryos with Genetically Encoded alpha-Bungarotoxin.</a> PLoS One. 10 (8), e0134005 (2015).</li><li>Kaufmann, A., Mickoleit, M., Weber, M., Huisken, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multilayer+mounting+enables+long-term+imaging+of+zebrafish+development+in+a+light+sheet+microscope.">Multilayer mounting enables long-term imaging of zebrafish development in a light sheet microscope.</a> Development. 139 (17), 3242-3247 (2012).</li><li>Marchant, J. S., Stutzmann, G. E., Leissring, M. A., LaFerla, F. M., Parker, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiphoton-evoked+color+change+of+DsRed+as+an+optical+highlighter+for+cellular+and+subcellular+labeling.">Multiphoton-evoked color change of DsRed as an optical highlighter for cellular and subcellular labeling.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 19 (7), 645-649 (2001).</li><li>Dempsey, W. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+single-cell+labeling+by+confined+primed+conversion.">In vivo single-cell labeling by confined primed conversion.</a> Nat Methods. 12 (7), 645-648 (2015).</li><li>Mohr, M. A., Pantazis, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+neuron+morphology+in+vivo+with+confined+primed+conversion.">Single neuron morphology in vivo with confined primed conversion.</a> Methods Cell Biol. 133, 125-138 (2016).</li><li>Mohr, M. A., Argast, P., Pantazis, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Labeling+cellular+structures+in+vivo+using+confined+primed+conversion+of+photoconvertible+fluorescent+proteins.">Labeling cellular structures in vivo using confined primed conversion of photoconvertible fluorescent proteins.</a> Nat Protoc. 11 (12), 2419-2431 (2016).</li><li>Mohr, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rational+Engineering+of+Photoconvertible+Fluorescent+Proteins+for+Dual-Color+Fluorescence+Nanoscopy+Enabled+by+a+Triplet-State+Mechanism+of+Primed+Conversion.">Rational Engineering of Photoconvertible Fluorescent Proteins for Dual-Color Fluorescence Nanoscopy Enabled by a Triplet-State Mechanism of Primed Conversion.</a> Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 56 (38), 11628-11633 (2017).</li><li>Dempsey, W. P., Fraser, S. E., Pantazis, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PhOTO+zebrafish:+a+transgenic+resource+for+in+vivo+lineage+tracing+during+development+and+regeneration.">PhOTO zebrafish: a transgenic resource for in vivo lineage tracing during development and regeneration.</a> PLoS One. 7 (3), e32888 (2012).</li><li>Dempsey, W. P., Qin, H., Pantazis, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+cell+tracking+using+PhOTO+zebrafish.">In vivo cell tracking using PhOTO zebrafish.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1148, 217-228 (2014).</li></ol>

photoconversion 的定时: 尽管枫在 EdCs 中仍然保持明亮的表达, 即使在 96 hpf, 也应该注意到, 随着胚胎的生长, 激光在到达 AVC 之前扩散得更多, 使得 photoconversion 的限制枫更加困难。在胚胎阶段比 55 hpf, 心室和心房的膨胀也意味着, 用于 photoconversion 的紫激光束不能到达 AVC 细胞, 而不首先穿过心房或心室。这意味着, 在 55 hpf 以后, 为了 photoconvert EdCs, 你必须也 photoconvert 另外的 EdCs 在心房和脑室。<...

斑马鱼目前是最重要的脊椎动物模型之一, 研究细胞和发育过程的在体内。这主要是由于斑马鱼的光学透明度和顺从遗传学, 这使得它成为一个强大的模型应用光学技术涉及基因编码 photoresponsive 蛋白技术1。针对心脏发育的研究, 斑马鱼通过扩散获得足够的氧气, 即使没有心跳的突变体也能在发育的第一周存活下来, 允许分析发育基因的影响和扰动在大多数脊椎动物中, 血流在心脏形态发生是不可能的2。
斑马鱼心脏管由24小时后受精 (hpf) 形成。形成后不久, 心脏管开始积极跳动。由 36 hpf, 清晰的收缩将心房与心室隔开。这一收缩区称为房室道 (AVC), 该区域的细胞从鳞状形态学转变为立方形态学3。斑马鱼房室瓣膜形态发生开始约48小时后受精。5天后受精, 两个瓣膜小叶延伸到 AVC 和防止血液从心室的背部流到心房在心脏周期的4。当心脏的快速跳动使得通过传统的时间失效显微镜5,6时, 跟踪细胞变得困难。此协议从骏马et., 20167, 描述使用 Tg 的方法(fli1a: gal4FF瑞银, 无人参与: 枫)8斑马鱼转基因线, 其中 photoconvertible 蛋白枫表示在内皮细胞, 包括心内膜。药物 23-butanedione 2-肟 (BDM) 用于暂时停止心脏跳动, 允许在36和 55 EdCs 之间精确 photoconversion hpf, 以及在特定发育时间点的 photoconverted EdCs 的高分辨率成像。以前已显示, 使用此方法的 EdCs photoconverted 在 photoconversion7之后的五天或更远的时间内可以与未转换的邻居保持可区分性。该协议还详细介绍了一种用于在 48 hpf 的胚胎中 photoconverted EdCs 的图像分析方法, 它已成功地用于在 AVC 开发过程中的组织运动 (路易吉·博塞利et), 按下)9。我们希望读者能发现这项议定书对于研究正常胚胎中的 AVC 和瓣膜发育, 以及突变体、morphants 或药物治疗的胚胎都是有用的。有关在斑马鱼开发过程中使用 photoconvertible 蛋白进行细胞跟踪的更通用的协议, 请查看由伦巴多et, 201210的文章。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Materials</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Necessary equipment for raising fish and collecting eggs (see the Zebrafish Book22 for details).</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Upright confocal microscope (Equipped with lasers operating at 488 nm, 561 nm, and 405 nm, a tunable multiphoton laser, and a Leica HCX IRAPO L, 25 &#215;, N.A. 0.95 objective)</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>Leica SP8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heat block</td>
			<td>ThermoScientific</td>
			<td>88870001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35 mm x 10 mm tissue culture dish</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 well plate</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353046</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petri dish</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass pipette</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mold</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reagents</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8 mg/mL Tricaine stock solution&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 M BDM stock solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UltraPure low melting point agarose</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>16520-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>50004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PTU (1-phenyl-2-thiourea)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P7629</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Embryo medium: 30x stock solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matlab equipped with the Image Analysis, Curve Fitting, Bio-Formats Toolboxes</td>
			<td>MathWorks</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8 mg/mL Tricaine stock solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>200 mg of tricaine powder (Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonic acid)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E10521</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>25 mL Danieau</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adjust to pH 7, aliquot and store at -20 &#176;C&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 M BDM stock solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 g BDM</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>112135</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mL ddH2O</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aliquot and store at -20 &#176;C</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Embryo medium: 30x stock solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50.7 g NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7647-14-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.78 g KCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7447-40-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.47 g Magnesium sulfate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>&#160;7487-88-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2.1 g Calcium nitrite tetrahydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>13477-34-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>19.52 g HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7365-45-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adjust to pH 7.2 and store at room temperature</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mold</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PlasCLEAR resin</td>
			<td>Asiga</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plus 39&#160;Freeform Pico 3D printer</td>
			<td>Asiga</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

following endocardial tissue movements via cell photoconversion in the zebrafish embryo

在胚胎发生过程中, 细胞在细胞行为中发生动态变化, 破译这些变化背后的细胞逻辑是发育生物学领域的一个基本目标。photoconvertible 蛋白的发现和发展极大地帮助我们理解这些动态变化, 提供了一种光学突出细胞和组织的方法。然而, 虽然 photoconversion, 时间推移显微镜, 和随后的图像分析已经证明是非常成功的揭露细胞动力学的器官, 如大脑或眼睛, 这种方法一般不使用在发展中的心脏由于心脏循环过程中心的快速运动所带来的挑战。该协议由两部分组成。第一部分介绍了在斑马鱼房室管 (photoconverting) 和房室心脏瓣膜发育过程中, 对心内膜细胞 (EdCs) 进行追踪和跟踪的方法。该方法包括用药物暂时停止心脏, 以便准确 photoconversion 发生。心脏被允许恢复跳动后, 药物的清除和胚胎发育继续正常, 直到心脏再次停止的高分辨率成像 photoconverted EdCs 在以后的发展时间点。该协议的第二部分描述了一种图像分析方法, 通过将三维结构中的荧光信号映射到二维地图上来量化 photoconverted 或非 photoconverted 区域在幼胚中的长度.同时, 该协议的两个部分允许一个人检查组成斑马鱼和房室心脏瓣膜的细胞的起源和行为, 并有可能被应用于研究突变体, morphants, 或胚胎, 已治疗破坏 AVC 和/或阀门发展的试剂。

图 2、影片 1和2中显示了一个 48 hpf 的胚胎 photoconverted 的示例, 并在 80 hpf 中再次映像。暴露枫到405毫微米光不可逆转地转换从从它的荧光绿色形式的蛋白质到荧光红色形式, 使标记以绿色或他们的红色形式的细胞的行为将跟随关于他们的差异色邻居在阀门形成期间。可以看出, 48 hpf 的几个 photoconverted 细胞后来激增, 后来主要?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Following Endocardial Tissue Movements via Cell Photoconversion in the Zebrafish Embryo at JoVE.com

Following Endocardial Tissue Movements via Cell Photoconversion in the Zebrafish Embryo

该协议描述了在活斑马鱼胚胎的心内膜细胞中 photoconversion 枫荧光蛋白的方法, 能够在房室管和房室心脏瓣膜发育过程中跟踪心内膜细胞。.

在斑马鱼胚胎中通过细胞 Photoconversion 的心内膜组织运动后

During embryogenesis, cells undergo dynamic changes in cell behavior, and deciphering the cellular logic behind these changes is a fundamental goal in the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Measuring Protein Stability in Living Zebrafish Embryos Using Fluorescence Decay After Photoconversion (FDAP)

Measuring Protein Stability in Living Zebrafish Embryos Using Fluorescence Decay After Photoconversion FDAP

测量生活中的斑马鱼胚胎蛋白质稳定性使用荧光衰减光转化后（FDAP）

Protein stability influences many aspects of biology, and measuring the clearance kinetics of proteins can provide important insights into biological ...

科研

发育生物学

Microbead Implantation in the Zebrafish Embryo

微珠植入斑马鱼胚胎

The zebrafish has emerged as a valuable genetic model system for the study of developmental biology and disease. Zebrafish share a high degree of genomic ...

Imaging Subcellular Structures in the Living Zebrafish Embryo

在活斑马鱼胚胎成像的亚细胞结构

In vivo imaging provides unprecedented access to the dynamic behavior of cellular and subcellular structures in their natural context. Performing such ...

Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo

观察有丝分裂和动力学在现场斑马鱼胚胎

Mitosis is critical for organismal growth and differentiation. The process is highly dynamic and requires ordered events to accomplish proper chromatin ...

Visualizing the Interrenal Steroidogenic Tissue and Its Vascular Microenvironment in Zebrafish

可视化Interrenal类固醇合成组织及其血管微环境斑马鱼

This protocol introduces how to detect differentiated interrenal steroidogenic cells through a simple whole-mount enzymatic activity assay. Identifying ...

Use of Immunolabeling to Analyze Stable, Dynamic, and Nascent Microtubules in the Zebrafish Embryo

利用 Immunolabeling 分析斑马鱼胚胎中的稳定、动态和初生的微管

Microtubules (MTs) are dynamic and fragile structures that are challenging to image in vivo, particularly in vertebrate embryos. Immunolabeling methods ...

Live Imaging of Mouse Secondary Palate Fusion

小鼠第二腭融合的实时成像

The fusion of the secondary palatal shelves to form the intact secondary palate is a key process in mammalian development and its disruption can lead to ...

AFM and Microrheology in the Zebrafish Embryo Yolk Cell

斑马鱼胚胎卵黄细胞中的 AFM 和 Microrheology

Elucidating the factors that direct the spatio-temporal organization of evolving tissues is one of the primary purposes in the study of development. ...

Single-cell Photoconversion in Living Intact Zebrafish

活完好斑马鱼的单细胞 Photoconversion

Animal and plant tissue is composed of distinct populations of cells. These cells interact over time to build and maintain the tissue and can cause ...

Microinjection-based System for In Vivo Implantation of Embryonic Cardiomyocytes in the Avian Embryo

基于微注射的免疫胚胎心肌细胞体内植入系统

Interpreting the relative impact of cell autonomous patterning versus extrinsic microenvironmental influence on cell lineage determination represents a ...