Name: following endocardial tissue movements via cell photoconversion in the zebrafish embryo
Uploaded: 2018-02-20T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Following Endocardial Tissue Movements via Cell Photoconversion in the Zebrafish Embryo at JoVE.com

Vi vil gerne takke Anne-Laure Duchemin, Denise Duchemin, Nathalie Faggianelli og Basile Gurchenkov for at hjælpe med at designe og gøre formen beskrevet i denne protokol. Dette arbejde blev støttet af FRM (DEQ20140329553), ANR (ANR-15-CE13-0015-01, ANR-12-ISV2-0001-01), EMBO Young Investigator Program, det Europæiske Fællesskab, ERC CoG N ° 682938 Evalve og af grant ANR-10-LABX-0030-INRT, en fransk statens fond forvaltet af Agence Nationale de la Recherche under ramme program Investissements d'Avenir mærket ANR-10-IDEX-0002-02.

1. forberede forme og montering Agarosen
<ol><li>Oprette en mold med de dimensioner, der er vist i figur 1 ved hjælp af enten en 3D printer eller traditionelle mekaniske værksted værktøjer.</li>
	<li>Der afpipetteres omkring 1,5 mL af smeltet 1% Agarosen i en 35-mm plastik montering parabol. Placer den plast skimmel i den flydende agarosegelelektroforese, pasning til undgå fældefangst luft mellem formen og agarosegelelektroforese. Placer skålen på 4 ° C, vent til Agarosen hærder ...

<ol>
	<li>Chow, R. W., Vermot, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+rise+of+photoresponsive+protein+technologies+applications+in+vivo:+a+spotlight+on+zebrafish+developmental+and+cell+biology.">The rise of photoresponsive protein technologies applications in vivo: a spotlight on zebrafish developmental and cell biology.</a> F1000Res. 6, (2017).</li><li>Sehnert, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+troponin+T+is+essential+in+sarcomere+assembly+and+cardiac+contractility.">Cardiac troponin T is essential in sarcomere assembly and cardiac contractility.</a> Nat Genet. 31, 106-110 (2002).</li><li>Peal, D. S., Lynch, S. N., Milan, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patterning+and+development+of+the+atrioventricular+canal+in+zebrafish.">Patterning and development of the atrioventricular canal in zebrafish.</a> J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 4, 720-726 (2011).</li><li>Boselli, F., Freund, J. B., Vermot, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood+flow+mechanics+in+cardiovascular+development.">Blood flow mechanics in cardiovascular development.</a> Cell Mol Life Sci. 72 (13), 2545-2559 (2015).</li><li>Steed, E., Boselli, F., Vermot, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemodynamics+driven+cardiac+valve+morphogenesis.">Hemodynamics driven cardiac valve morphogenesis.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. , (2015).</li><li>Boselli, F., Vermot, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+imaging+and+modeling+for+shear+stress+quantification+in+the+embryonic+zebrafish+heart.">Live imaging and modeling for shear stress quantification in the embryonic zebrafish heart.</a> Methods. , (2015).</li><li>Steed, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=klf2a+couples+mechanotransduction+and+zebrafish+valve+morphogenesis+through+fibronectin+synthesis.">klf2a couples mechanotransduction and zebrafish valve morphogenesis through fibronectin synthesis.</a> Nat Commun. 7, 11646 (2016).</li><li>Herwig, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+cellular+mechanisms+of+blood+vessel+fusion+in+the+zebrafish+embryo.">Distinct cellular mechanisms of blood vessel fusion in the zebrafish embryo.</a> Curr Biol. 21 (22), 1942-1948 (2011).</li><li>Boselli, F., Steed, E., Freund, J., Vermot, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anisotropic+shear+stress+patterns+predict+the+orientation+of+convergent+tissue+movements+in+the+embryonic+heart.">Anisotropic shear stress patterns predict the orientation of convergent tissue movements in the embryonic heart.</a> Development. , (2017).</li><li>Lombardo, V. A., Sporbert, A., Abdelilah-Seyfried, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+Tracking+Using+Photoconvertible+Proteins+During+Zebrafish+Development.">Cell Tracking Using Photoconvertible Proteins During Zebrafish Development.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (67), (2012).</li><li>JoVE Science Education Database. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Biology II: Mouse, Zebrafish, and Chick. Zebrafish Breeding and Embryo Handling. , (2017).</li><li>Watanabe, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibitory+effect+of+2,3-butanedione+monoxime+(BDM)+on+Na(+)/Ca(2+)+exchange+current+in+guinea-pig+cardiac+ventricular+myocytes.">Inhibitory effect of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange current in guinea-pig cardiac ventricular myocytes.</a> Br J Pharmacol. 132 (6), 1317-1325 (2001).</li><li>Jou, C. J., Spitzer, K. W., Tristani-Firouzi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blebbistatin+effectively+uncouples+the+excitation-contraction+process+in+zebrafish+embryonic+heart.">Blebbistatin effectively uncouples the excitation-contraction process in zebrafish embryonic heart.</a> Cell Physiol Biochem. 25 (4-5), 419-424 (2010).</li><li>Pestel, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+3D+visualization+of+cellular+rearrangements+during+cardiac+valve+formation.">Real-time 3D visualization of cellular rearrangements during cardiac valve formation.</a> Development. 143 (12), 2217-2227 (2016).</li><li>Swinburne, I. A., Mosaliganti, K. R., Green, A. A., Megason, S. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+Long-Term+Imaging+of+Embryos+with+Genetically+Encoded+alpha-Bungarotoxin.">Improved Long-Term Imaging of Embryos with Genetically Encoded alpha-Bungarotoxin.</a> PLoS One. 10 (8), e0134005 (2015).</li><li>Kaufmann, A., Mickoleit, M., Weber, M., Huisken, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multilayer+mounting+enables+long-term+imaging+of+zebrafish+development+in+a+light+sheet+microscope.">Multilayer mounting enables long-term imaging of zebrafish development in a light sheet microscope.</a> Development. 139 (17), 3242-3247 (2012).</li><li>Marchant, J. S., Stutzmann, G. E., Leissring, M. A., LaFerla, F. M., Parker, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiphoton-evoked+color+change+of+DsRed+as+an+optical+highlighter+for+cellular+and+subcellular+labeling.">Multiphoton-evoked color change of DsRed as an optical highlighter for cellular and subcellular labeling.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 19 (7), 645-649 (2001).</li><li>Dempsey, W. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+single-cell+labeling+by+confined+primed+conversion.">In vivo single-cell labeling by confined primed conversion.</a> Nat Methods. 12 (7), 645-648 (2015).</li><li>Mohr, M. A., Pantazis, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+neuron+morphology+in+vivo+with+confined+primed+conversion.">Single neuron morphology in vivo with confined primed conversion.</a> Methods Cell Biol. 133, 125-138 (2016).</li><li>Mohr, M. A., Argast, P., Pantazis, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Labeling+cellular+structures+in+vivo+using+confined+primed+conversion+of+photoconvertible+fluorescent+proteins.">Labeling cellular structures in vivo using confined primed conversion of photoconvertible fluorescent proteins.</a> Nat Protoc. 11 (12), 2419-2431 (2016).</li><li>Mohr, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rational+Engineering+of+Photoconvertible+Fluorescent+Proteins+for+Dual-Color+Fluorescence+Nanoscopy+Enabled+by+a+Triplet-State+Mechanism+of+Primed+Conversion.">Rational Engineering of Photoconvertible Fluorescent Proteins for Dual-Color Fluorescence Nanoscopy Enabled by a Triplet-State Mechanism of Primed Conversion.</a> Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 56 (38), 11628-11633 (2017).</li><li>Dempsey, W. P., Fraser, S. E., Pantazis, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PhOTO+zebrafish:+a+transgenic+resource+for+in+vivo+lineage+tracing+during+development+and+regeneration.">PhOTO zebrafish: a transgenic resource for in vivo lineage tracing during development and regeneration.</a> PLoS One. 7 (3), e32888 (2012).</li><li>Dempsey, W. P., Qin, H., Pantazis, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+cell+tracking+using+PhOTO+zebrafish.">In vivo cell tracking using PhOTO zebrafish.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1148, 217-228 (2014).</li></ol>

Timing af photoconversion: selv om Kaede forbliver smukt udtrykte i EDC selv på 96 hpf, det skal bemærkes, at som fosteret vokser, laserlys diffunderer mere før det når AVC, vanskeliggør begrænset photoconversion af Kaede. At embryonale etaper senere end 55 hpf, ballooning af ventriklen og atrium også betyder, at den violette laserstråle bruges til photoconversion ikke kan nå AVC celler uden først at passere gennem enten atrium eller ventrikel. Det betyder, at ud over 55 hpf, for at photoconvert EDC af...

For zebrafisk er i øjeblikket en af de vigtigste hvirveldyr modeller til at studere cellulær og udviklingsmæssige processer i vivo. Dette skyldes hovedsageligt den zebrafisk optisk åbenhed og imødekommenhed til genetik, hvilket gør det en kraftfuld model for anvendelsen af optiske teknikker der involverer genetisk kodet photoresponsive protein technologies1. Specifikke undersøgelse af hjertet udvikling, zebrafisk modtage tilstrækkelig ilt via diffusion sådan, at selv mutanter uden hjerteslag kan overleve gennem den første uge af udvikling, tillader analyser af virkningerne af udviklingsmæssige gener og foruroliget blodgennemstrømning på hjertet morfogenese ikke muligt i de fleste hvirveldyr2.
Zebrafisk hjerte tube er dannet af 24 timer post befrugtning (hpf). Kort efter sin dannelse starter hjerte tube aktivt slå. 36 hpf, en klar konstriktion adskiller atrium fra ventriklen. Denne region af konstriktion kaldes atrioventrikulær kanalen (AVC) og celler i denne region ændring fra en planocellulære morfologi til en cuboidal morfologi3. Zebrafisk atrioventrikulær ventil morfogenese starter omkring 48 h post befrugtning. 5 dage til at bogføre befrugtning, to ventilen foldere udvide AVC og forhindrer tilbage flow af blod fra ventriklen til atriet under hjertets cyklus4. Spore celler under AVC og ventil dannelse udfordrende som den hurtige slå af hjertet gør det vanskeligt at følge celler via traditionelle time-lapse mikroskopi5,6. Denne protokol, tilpasset fra hest et al., 20167, beskriver en metode, der bruger Tg (fli1a:gal4FFubs, UAS:kaede)8 zebrafisk transgene linjen, hvor photoconvertible protein Kaede er udtrykt i endotelceller, herunder endokardiet. Stof 2,3-butanedione-2-monoxime (BDM) bruges for midlertidigt at stoppe hjertet slå, gør det muligt nøjagtig photoconversion af EDC mellem 36 og 55 hpf og høj opløsning billeddannelse af photoconverted EDC på specifikke udviklingsmæssige tidspunkter. Det er tidligere påvist, at EDC photoconverted ved hjælp af denne metode kan forblive adskiller sig fra deres ikke-konverterede naboer i fem dage eller mere efter tidspunktet for photoconversion7. Denne protokol beskriver også en metode, der anvendes til billedanalyse af photoconverted EDC i embryoner yngre end 48 hpf, som med held har været anvendt til at følge væv bevægelser under AVC udvikling (Boselli et al., i pressen)9. Vi håber, at læserne ville finde denne protokol nyttigt for at studere AVC og ventil udvikling i normal embryoner og i mutanter, morphants eller de behandlede embryoner. For en mere generel protokollen til celle sporing ved hjælp af photoconvertible proteiner under zebrafisk udvikling, se venligst artiklen af Lombardo et al., 201210.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Materials</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Necessary equipment for raising fish and collecting eggs (see the Zebrafish Book22 for details).</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Upright confocal microscope (Equipped with lasers operating at 488 nm, 561 nm, and 405 nm, a tunable multiphoton laser, and a Leica HCX IRAPO L, 25 &#215;, N.A. 0.95 objective)</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>Leica SP8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heat block</td>
			<td>ThermoScientific</td>
			<td>88870001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35 mm x 10 mm tissue culture dish</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 well plate</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353046</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petri dish</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass pipette</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mold</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reagents</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8 mg/mL Tricaine stock solution&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 M BDM stock solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UltraPure low melting point agarose</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>16520-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>50004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PTU (1-phenyl-2-thiourea)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P7629</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Embryo medium: 30x stock solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matlab equipped with the Image Analysis, Curve Fitting, Bio-Formats Toolboxes</td>
			<td>MathWorks</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8 mg/mL Tricaine stock solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>200 mg of tricaine powder (Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonic acid)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E10521</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>25 mL Danieau</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adjust to pH 7, aliquot and store at -20 &#176;C&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 M BDM stock solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 g BDM</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>112135</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mL ddH2O</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aliquot and store at -20 &#176;C</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Embryo medium: 30x stock solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50.7 g NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7647-14-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.78 g KCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7447-40-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.47 g Magnesium sulfate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>&#160;7487-88-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2.1 g Calcium nitrite tetrahydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>13477-34-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>19.52 g HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7365-45-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adjust to pH 7.2 and store at room temperature</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mold</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PlasCLEAR resin</td>
			<td>Asiga</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plus 39&#160;Freeform Pico 3D printer</td>
			<td>Asiga</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

following endocardial tissue movements via cell photoconversion in the zebrafish embryo

Under embryogenese, celler undergå dynamiske ændringer i celle adfærd og decifrere cellulære logikken bag disse ændringer er et grundlæggende mål inden for udviklingsmæssige biologi. Opdagelse og udvikling af photoconvertible proteiner har stærkt hjulpet vores forståelse af disse dynamiske ændringer ved at give en metode til optisk fremhæve celler og væv. Men mens photoconversion, time-lapse mikroskopi og efterfølgende billedanalyse har vist sig for at være meget vellykket i afsløring cellulære dynamics i organer såsom hjernen eller øjet, denne tilgang er generelt ikke bruges i udviklingslandene hjertet grund udfordringerne i forbindelse med den hurtige bevægelse i hjertet i løbet af hjertets cyklus. Denne protokol består af to dele. Den første del beskriver en metode til photoconverting og efterfølgende sporing endokardial celler (EDC) under zebrafisk atrioventrikulær kanalen (AVC) og atrioventrikulær hjertet ventilen udvikling. Metoden indebærer tidsligt stoppe hjertet med et stof i ordre til nøjagtig photoconversion skal finde sted. Hjerter er tilladt at genoptage slå efter udtagning af narkotika- og embryonale udvikling fortsætter normalt indtil hjertet stoppes igen for høj opløsning billeddannelse af photoconverted EDC for en senere udviklingsmæssige tidspunkt. Den anden del af protokollen beskriver et billede analysemetode for at kvantificere længden af en photoconverted eller ikke-photoconverted regionen i AVC i unge embryoner ved at kortlægge den fluorescerende signal fra de tre-dimensionelle struktur på en to-dimensionel kort . Sammen, de to dele af protokollen tillader en at undersøge oprindelsen og opførsel af celler, der udgør den zebrafisk AVC og atrioventrikulær hjerteklap, og kan potentielt anvendes til at studere mutanter, morphants eller embryoner, der er blevet behandlet med reagenser, der forstyrrer AVC og/eller ventil udvikling.

Et eksempel på et embryo photoconverted på 48 hpf og afbildet igen på 80 hpf er vist i figur 2, film 1 og 2. Udsætter Kaede til 405 nm lys uigenkaldeligt konvertitter fra protein fra sin fluorescerende grøn form til fluorescerende rød form, gør det muligt for opførsel af celler mærket med enten grønne eller røde formularen skal følges med hensyn til deres varierende farvede naboer under ventil dannelse. Det kan se...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Following Endocardial Tissue Movements via Cell Photoconversion in the Zebrafish Embryo at JoVE.com

Following Endocardial Tissue Movements via Cell Photoconversion in the Zebrafish Embryo

Denne protokol beskriver en metode til photoconversion af Kaede fluorescerende proteiner i endokardial celler levende zebrafisk embryon, der muliggør sporing af endokardial celler under atrioventrikulær canal og atrioventrikulær hjertet ventilen udvikling .

Følgende endokardial væv bevægelser via celle Photoconversion i zebrafisk Embryo

During embryogenesis, cells undergo dynamic changes in cell behavior, and deciphering the cellular logic behind these changes is a fundamental goal in the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Measuring Protein Stability in Living Zebrafish Embryos Using Fluorescence Decay After Photoconversion (FDAP)

Measuring Protein Stability in Living Zebrafish Embryos Using Fluorescence Decay After Photoconversion FDAP

Måling Protein Stabilitet i Living zebrafisk embryoner anvendelse af fluorescens Decay Efter fotoomdannelse (FDAP)

Protein stability influences many aspects of biology, and measuring the clearance kinetics of proteins can provide important insights into biological ...

Microbead Implantation in the Zebrafish Embryo

Mikroperle Implantation i Zebrafisk Embryo

The zebrafish has emerged as a valuable genetic model system for the study of developmental biology and disease. Zebrafish share a high degree of genomic ...

Imaging Subcellular Structures in the Living Zebrafish Embryo

Imaging Subcellulære Strukturer i Living Zebrafisk Embryo

In vivo imaging provides unprecedented access to the dynamic behavior of cellular and subcellular structures in their natural context. Performing such ...

Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo

Observation Mitotisk Division og Dynamics i en Live zebrafisk Embryo

Mitosis is critical for organismal growth and differentiation. The process is highly dynamic and requires ordered events to accomplish proper chromatin ...

Visualizing the Interrenal Steroidogenic Tissue and Its Vascular Microenvironment in Zebrafish

Visualisere Interrenal steroidogeniske Tissue og dens Vaskulær mikromiljø i Zebrafisk

This protocol introduces how to detect differentiated interrenal steroidogenic cells through a simple whole-mount enzymatic activity assay. Identifying ...

Use of Immunolabeling to Analyze Stable, Dynamic, and Nascent Microtubules in the Zebrafish Embryo

Brug af Immunolabeling til at analysere stabil, dynamisk og vordende mikrotubuli i zebrafisk Embryo

Microtubules (MTs) are dynamic and fragile structures that are challenging to image in vivo, particularly in vertebrate embryos. Immunolabeling methods ...

Live Imaging of Mouse Secondary Palate Fusion

The fusion of the secondary palatal shelves to form the intact secondary palate is a key process in mammalian development and its disruption can lead to ...

AFM and Microrheology in the Zebrafish Embryo Yolk Cell

AFM og Microrheology i cellen zebrafisk Embryo æggeblomme

Elucidating the factors that direct the spatio-temporal organization of evolving tissues is one of the primary purposes in the study of development. ...

Single-cell Photoconversion in Living Intact Zebrafish

Encellede Photoconversion i levende intakt zebrafisk

Animal and plant tissue is composed of distinct populations of cells. These cells interact over time to build and maintain the tissue and can cause ...

Microinjection-based System for In Vivo Implantation of Embryonic Cardiomyocytes in the Avian Embryo

Mikroinjektion-baseret System for i Vivo Implantation af embryonale Cardiomyocytes i aviær Embryo

Interpreting the relative impact of cell autonomous patterning versus extrinsic microenvironmental influence on cell lineage determination represents a ...