Name: skeletal muscle neurovascular coupling, oxidative capacity, and microvascular function with 'one stop shop' near-infrared spectroscopy
Uploaded: 2018-02-20T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af en University of Texas i Arlington tværfagligt forskningsprogram grant.

Denne protokol følger retningslinjerne i den institutionelle review board på University of Texas i Arlington og overholder de standarder fastsat af den nyeste version af Helsinki-erklæringen. Derfor skriftlig informeret samtykke var (og bør) opnåede forud for påbegyndelsen af forskning procedurer.
1. instrumentering
Bemærk: Følgende instrumentation beskrivelse er baseret på den nær-infrarødt (NIR) spektrometret og data erhvervelse system, der anvendes i vor...

<ol>
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L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Predictive+value+of+reactive+hyperemia+for+cardiovascular+events+in+patients+with+peripheral+arterial+disease+undergoing+vascular+surgery.">Predictive value of reactive hyperemia for cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral arterial disease undergoing vascular surgery.</a> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 27 (10), 2113-2119 (2007).</li><li>Suryapranata, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Predictive+value+of+reactive+hyperemic+response+on+reperfusion+on+recovery+of+regional+myocardial+function+after+coronary+angioplasty+in+acute+myocardial+infarction.">Predictive value of reactive hyperemic response on reperfusion on recovery of regional myocardial function after coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction.</a> Circulation. 89 (3), 1109-1117 (1994).</li><li>Richardson, R. 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Observations on influence of carotid sinus on oxygen uptake.</a> Circ Res. 11, 370-380 (1962).</li><li>Kodama, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiorespiratory+fitness+as+a+quantitative+predictor+of+all-cause+mortality+and+cardiovascular+events+in+healthy+men+and+women:+A+meta-analysis.">Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: A meta-analysis.</a> JAMA. 301 (19), 2024-2035 (2009).</li><li>Westerblad, H., Place, N., Yamada, T., Rassier, D. 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L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Muscle+function+and+quality+of+life+in+the+Crohn's+disease.">Muscle function and quality of life in the Crohn's disease.</a> Fisioter Mov. 30, 337-345 (2017).</li><li>Esch, B. T., Scott, J. M., Warburton, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Construction+of+a+lower+body+negative+pressure+chamber.">Construction of a lower body negative pressure chamber.</a> Adv Physiol Educ. 31 (1), 76-81 (2007).</li><li>Ryan, T. E., Southern, W. M., Reynolds, M. A., McCully, K. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+cross-validation+of+near-infrared+spectroscopy+measurements+of+skeletal+muscle+oxidative+capacity+with+phosphorus+magnetic+resonance+spectroscopy.">A cross-validation of near-infrared spectroscopy measurements of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy.</a> J Appl Physiol. 115 (12), 1757-1766 (2013).</li><li>Ryan, T. E., Brophy, P., Lin, C. T., Hickner, R. C., Neufer, P. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+in+vivo+skeletal+muscle+mitochondrial+respiratory+capacity+in+humans+by+near-infrared+spectroscopy:+a+comparison+with+in+situ+measurements.">Assessment of in vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity in humans by near-infrared spectroscopy: a comparison with in situ measurements.</a> J Physiol. 592 (15), 3231-3241 (2014).</li><li>Adami, A., Rossiter, H. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Principles,+insights+and+potential+pitfalls+of+the+non-invasive+determination+of+muscle+oxidative+capacity+by+near-infrared+spectroscopy.">Principles, insights and potential pitfalls of the non-invasive determination of muscle oxidative capacity by near-infrared spectroscopy.</a> J Appl Physiol. , (2017).</li><li>Corretti, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+for+the+ultrasound+assessment+of+endothelial-dependent+flow-mediated+vasodilation+of+the+brachial+artery+-+A+report+of+the+International+Brachial+Artery+Reactivity+Task+Force.">Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery - A report of the International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force.</a> J Am Coll Cardiol. 39 (2), 257-265 (2002).</li><li>Thijssen, D. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+flow-mediated+dilation+in+humans:+a+methodological+and+physiological+guideline.">Assessment of flow-mediated dilation in humans: a methodological and physiological guideline.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 300 (1), H2-H12 (2011).</li><li>Green, D. J., Jones, H., Thijssen, D., Cable, N. T., Atkinson, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow-mediated+dilation+and+cardiovascular+event+prediction:+does+nitric+oxide+matter?.">Flow-mediated dilation and cardiovascular event prediction: does nitric oxide matter?.</a> Hypertension. 57 (3), 363-369 (2011).</li><li>Southern, W. M., Ryan, T. E., Reynolds, M. A., McCully, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reproducibility+of+near-infrared+spectroscopy+measurements+of+oxidative+function+and+postexercise+recovery+kinetics+in+the+medial+gastrocnemius+muscle.">Reproducibility of near-infrared spectroscopy measurements of oxidative function and postexercise recovery kinetics in the medial gastrocnemius muscle.</a> Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 39 (5), 521-529 (2014).</li><li>Ryan, T. E., Erickson, M. L., Brizendine, J. T., Young, H. J., McCully, K. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+evaluation+of+skeletal+muscle+mitochondrial+capacity+with+near-infrared+spectroscopy:+correcting+for+blood+volume+changes.">Noninvasive evaluation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity with near-infrared spectroscopy: correcting for blood volume changes.</a> J Appl Physiol. 113 (2), 175-183 (2012).</li><li>Ryan, T. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skeletal+muscle+oxidative+capacity+in+amyotrophic+lateral+sclerosis.">Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</a> Muscle Nerve. 50 (5), 767-774 (2014).</li><li>Mayeur, C., Campard, S., Richard, C., Teboul, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+four+different+vascular+occlusion+tests+for+assessing+reactive+hyperemia+using+near-infrared+spectroscopy.">Comparison of four different vascular occlusion tests for assessing reactive hyperemia using near-infrared spectroscopy.</a> Crit Care Med. 39 (4), 695-701 (2011).</li><li>McLay, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascular+responsiveness+determined+by+near-infrared+spectroscopy+measures+of+oxygen+saturation.">Vascular responsiveness determined by near-infrared spectroscopy measures of oxygen saturation.</a> Exp Physiol. 101 (1), 34-40 (2016).</li><li>McLay, K. M., Nederveen, J. P., Pogliaghi, S., Paterson, D. H., Murias, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repeatability+of+vascular+responsiveness+measures+derived+from+near-infrared+spectroscopy.">Repeatability of vascular responsiveness measures derived from near-infrared spectroscopy.</a> Physiol Rep. 4 (9), (2016).</li><li>Ryan, T. E., Southern, W. M., Brizendine, J. T., McCully, K. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activity-induced+changes+in+skeletal+muscle+metabolism+measured+with+optical+spectroscopy.">Activity-induced changes in skeletal muscle metabolism measured with optical spectroscopy.</a> Med Sci Sports Exerc. 45 (12), 2346-2352 (2013).</li><li>Southern, W. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduced+skeletal+muscle+oxidative+capacity+and+impaired+training+adaptations+in+heart+failure.">Reduced skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and impaired training adaptations in heart failure.</a> Physiol Rep. 3 (4), (2015).</li><li>Ryan, T. E., Brizendine, J. T., McCully, K. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparison+of+exercise+type+and+intensity+on+the+noninvasive+assessment+of+skeletal+muscle+mitochondrial+function+using+near-infrared+spectroscopy.">A comparison of exercise type and intensity on the noninvasive assessment of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function using near-infrared spectroscopy.</a> J Appl Physiol. 114 (2), 230-237 (2013).</li><li>Adami, A., Cao, R., Porszasz, J., Casaburi, R., Rossiter, H. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reproducibility+of+NIRS+assessment+of+muscle+oxidative+capacity+in+smokers+with+and+without+COPD.">Reproducibility of NIRS assessment of muscle oxidative capacity in smokers with and without COPD.</a> Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 235, 18-26 (2017).</li><li>Lacroix, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reproducibility+of+near-infrared+spectroscopy+parameters+measured+during+brachial+artery+occlusion+and+reactive+hyperemia+in+healthy+men.">Reproducibility of near-infrared spectroscopy parameters measured during brachial artery occlusion and reactive hyperemia in healthy men.</a> J Biomed Opt. 17 (7), 077010 (2012).</li><li>Bopp, C. M., Townsend, D. K., Warren, S., Barstow, T. 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De metoder, der beskrives heri aktiverer ikke-invasiv, klinisk evaluering af reaktiv hyperæmi, neurovaskulære kobling og skeletmuskulatur oxidative kapacitet i et enkelt klinik eller laboratorium besøg.
Kritiske overvejelser
Selvom NIRS er relativt robust og let at bruge, indsamling af disse data kræve omhyggelig placering af optodes direkte over musklen mave, sikret stramt for at undgå bevægelse artefakt, og dækket med en sort vinyl...

Den hyperemic svar til en kort periode af væv iskæmi er opstået som en nøgle non-invasiv måling af (mikro) vaskulær funktion. Under okklusion af en conduit arterie spile downstream arterioler i et forsøg på at udligne de iskæmisk fornærmelse. Ved udgivelse af okklusion, nedsat vaskulære modstand resulterer i hyperæmi, omfanget af som er dikteret af ens evne til at spile det efterfølgende microvasculature. Mens reaktiv hyperæmi er en stærk uafhængig prædiktor af hjertekarsygdom1,2 og derfor en klinisk signifikant slutpunkt, er dets funktionelle betydning at udvise tolerance og livskvalitet mindre klar.
Faktisk, dynamisk motion repræsenterer en større hjerte-kar-stress, der kræver en meget koordineret neurovaskulære reaktion for at matche ilttilførsel til metaboliske efterspørgsel. Skeletmuskulatur blodgennemstrømning kan for eksempel øge næsten 100 under isolerede muskel sammentrækninger3, som ville overvælde pumpekapacitet af hjertet, hvis sådan en hæmodynamiske svar blev ekstrapoleret til hele kroppen motion. I overensstemmelse hermed, at undgå alvorlige hypotension, sympatisk (dvs. vasokonstriktor) nervøs aktivitet øger for at omfordele minutvolumen fra inaktive og visceralt væv og mod aktive skeletmuskulatur4. Sympatisk udstrømning er også rettet til udøve skeletmuskulatur5; men lokale metaboliske signalering dæmper vasokonstriktor svar for at sikre tilstrækkelig væv ilt levering6,7,8,9,10, 11. kollektivt, denne proces kaldes funktionelle sympatholysis12, og er absolut nødvendigt for normal regulering af skeletmuskulatur blodgennemstrømning under træningen. Da skeletmuskulaturen blodgennemstrømningen er en afgørende faktor for aerob kapacitet – en uafhængig prædiktor for livskvalitet og hjertekarsygdomme morbiditet og dødelighed13— forståelse kontrol af skeletmuskulatur blod flow og væv ilt levering under træningen er af stor klinisk betydning.
Ilt levering er kun halvdelen af Fick ligning, dog med ilt udnyttelse opfylder anden halvdelen af ligningen. Blandt store determinates af ilt udnyttelse, mitokondrie oxidativ fosforylering spiller en væsentlig rolle i at levere tilstrækkelig energi til cellulære processer både i hvile og under træningen. Funktionsnedsættelse i muskel oxidative kapacitet kan faktisk begrænse funktionelle kapacitet og livskvalitet14,15,16. Forskellige foranstaltninger er almindeligt anvendt til at give en indeks af muskel oxidative kapacitet, herunder invasive muskelbiopsier og dyre og tidskrævende Kernemagnetisk resonans-spektroskopi (MRS) teknikker.
Her foreslår vi en roman, ikke-invasiv metode, ved hjælp af nær-infrarød spektroskopi (NIRS), til at vurdere hver af disse tre store klinisk slutpunkter (reaktiv hyperæmi, sympatholysis og muskel oxidative kapacitet) i en enkelt klinik eller laboratorium besøg. De store fordele ved denne tilgang er tredobbelt: først, denne teknik er let bærbar, relativt billig og nem at udføre. Nuværende Doppler ultralyd tilgange til at måle reaktiv hyperæmi er meget afhænger af operatøren — kræver omfattende færdigheder og uddannelse — og kræver sofistikerede, høje omkostninger, data erhvervelse hardware og efterbehandling software. Desuden kunne dette tænkes indført i klinik og/eller store kliniske forsøg for bedside overvågning eller test terapeutiske virkning. For det andet i kraft af metoden fokuserer denne teknik specifikt på skeletmuskulatur microvasculature, øge den samlede specificiteten af teknikken. Alternative metoder ved hjælp af Doppler ultralyd fokusere udelukkende på upstream conduit fartøjer og udlede ændringer nedstrøms, som kan dæmpe signalet. For det tredje, denne teknik er fuldstændig ikke-invasiv. Skeletmuskulatur oxidative kapacitet vurderes traditionelt med invasive og smertefuld muskelbiopsier og funktionelle sympatholysis kan vurderes med intraarteriel injektion af sympatomimetika og sympatholytics. Denne metode undgår disse krav alle sammen.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="836">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:328px;">Dual-channel OxiplexTS Near-infrared spectroscopy machine</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Iss Medical</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">101</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">NIRS muscle sensor</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Iss Medical</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">201.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">E20 Rapid cuff inflation system</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Hokanson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">AG101 Air Source</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Hokanson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AG101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Smedley Handgrip dynometer (recording)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Stolting</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">56380</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Powerlab 16/35, 16 Channel Recorder</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">ADInstruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PL3516</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Human NIBP Set</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">ADInstruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ML282-SM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Bio Amp</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">ADInstruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FE132</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Quad Bridge Amp</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">ADInstruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FE224</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Connex Spot Monitor</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Welch Allyn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">71WX-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Origin(Pro) graphing software</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">OrignPro</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Pro</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:328px;">Lower body negative pressure chamber</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Physiology Research Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">standard unit</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

skeletal muscle neurovascular coupling, oxidative capacity, and microvascular function with 'one stop shop' near-infrared spectroscopy

Motion repræsenterer en større hæmodynamiske stress, der kræver en meget koordineret neurovaskulære reaktion for at matche ilttilførsel til metaboliske efterspørgsel. Reaktiv hyperæmi (i svar til en kort periode af væv iskæmi) er en uafhængig prædiktor for hjerte-kar-hændelser og giver vigtig indsigt i vaskulær sundhed og vasodepressivt kapacitet. Skeletmuskulatur oxidative kapacitet er lige så vigtigt i sundhed og sygdom, da den bestemmer energitilførslen til myocellular processer. Her, beskriver vi en simpel, ikke-invasiv metode ved hjælp af nær-infrarød spektroskopi til at vurdere hver af disse store klinisk slutpunkter (reaktiv hyperæmi, neurovaskulære kobling og muskel oxidative kapacitet) under en enkelt klinik eller laboratorium besøg. I modsætning til Doppler ultralyd, magnetisk resonans billeder/spektroskopi, eller invasive kateter-baserede flow målinger eller muskelbiopsier er vores tilgang mindre afhænger af operatøren, lave omkostninger og fuldstændig ikke-invasiv. Repræsentative data fra vores lab sammen med opsummerede data fra tidligere publicerede litteratur illustrerer nytten af hvert af disse punkter. Når denne teknik er mestret, vil overførelse at kliniske populationer giver vigtige mekanistiske indblik motion intolerance og hjerte-kar-dysfunktion.

Skeletmuskulatur oxidative kapacitet
Figur 2 illustrerer en repræsentant deltager svar under en NIRS-afledte skeletmuskulatur oxidative kapacitet vurdering. Panel A viser væv mætning profil under en 5 min arteriel manchet okklusion protokol, håndgreb motion og intermitterende arteriel okklusion i recovery fra øvelse. Panelet B illustrerer den forventede væv desatureri...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy at JoVE.com

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Skeletmuskulatur neurovaskulære kobling, Oxidative kapacitet og mikrovaskulære funktion med 'Et Stop Shop' nær-infrarød spektroskopi

Her, beskriver vi en simpel, ikke-invasiv metode ved hjælp af nær-infrarød spektroskopi til at vurdere reaktiv hyperæmi, neurovaskulære kobling og skeletmuskulatur oxidative kapacitet i et enkelt klinik eller laboratorium besøg.

Exercise represents a major hemodynamic stress that demands a highly coordinated neurovascular response in order to match oxygen delivery to metabolic ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Myo-mechanical Analysis of Isolated Skeletal Muscle

To assess the in vivo effects of therapeutic interventions for the treatment of muscle disease 1,2,3, quantitative methods are needed that measure force ...

In Vivo Canine Muscle Function Assay

In Vivo Canine Muscle Function Assay

We describe a minimally-invasive and reproducible method to measure canine pelvic limb muscle strength and muscle response to repeated eccentric 
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Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics

Skeletmuskulatur Køn Dimorphism fra Proteomics

Gross contraction in skeletal muscle is primarily determined by a relatively small number of contractile proteins, however this tissue is also remarkably ...

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function

Ikke-invasiv vurdering af mikrovaskulære og endotelfunktion

The authors have utilized capillaroscopy and forearm blood flow techniques to investigate the role of microvascular dysfunction in pathogenesis of ...

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Kvantitativ Magnetic Resonance Imaging af Skeletal Muscle Disease

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) describes the development and use of MRI to quantify physical, chemical, and/or biological properties of ...

Combined Near-infrared Fluorescent Imaging and Micro-computed Tomography for Directly Visualizing Cerebral Thromboemboli

Kombineret Nær-infrarød Fluorescent Imaging og Micro-computertomografi for Direkte Visualisering Cerebral tromboemboli

Direct thrombus imaging visualizes the root cause of thromboembolic infarction. Being able to image thrombus directly allows far better investigation of ...

Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans

Induktion og vurdering af anstrengelses Skeletal Muscle Damage i mennesker

Contraction-induced muscle damage via voluntary eccentric (lengthening) contractions offers an excellent model for studying muscle adaptation and recovery ...

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Fosfor-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: et redskab til måling<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Mitokondrie Oxidativ phosphorylering Kapacitet i human skeletmuskulatur

Skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity, which is critically important in health and disease, can be measured in vivo ...

Assessment of Human Adipose Tissue Microvascular Function Using Videomicroscopy

Vurdering af menneskers fedtvæv mikrovaskulære funktion ved hjælp af Videomicroscopy

While obesity is closely linked to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disease, little is known about mechanisms that govern these processes. ...

A New Best Practice for Validating Tail Vein Injections in Rat with Near-infrared-Labeled Agents

En ny bedste praksis for validering hale vene injektioner i rotte med nær-infrarød-mærket agenter

Intravenous (IV) administration of agents into the tail vein of rats can be both difficult and inconsistent. Optimizing tail vein injections is a key part ...