Name: skeletal muscle neurovascular coupling, oxidative capacity, and microvascular function with 'one stop shop' near-infrared spectroscopy
Uploaded: 2018-02-20T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy at JoVE.com

Dette arbeidet ble støttet av en University of Texas i Arlington tverrfaglig forskningsprogram grant.

Denne protokollen følger retningslinjene for institusjonelle gjennomgang styret ved University of Texas i Arlington og overholder standarder fastsatt av den nyeste versjonen av erklæringen i Helsinki. Følgelig skriftlig samtykke var (og bør) innhentet før begynnelsen av forskning prosedyrer.
1. instrumentering
Merk: Følgende instrumentering beskrivelse er basert på nær infrarød (NIR) spectrometer og data oppkjøpet systemet brukes i vår lab (se Tabell fo...

<ol>
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Observations on influence of carotid sinus on oxygen uptake.</a> Circ Res. 11, 370-380 (1962).</li><li>Kodama, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiorespiratory+fitness+as+a+quantitative+predictor+of+all-cause+mortality+and+cardiovascular+events+in+healthy+men+and+women:+A+meta-analysis.">Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: A meta-analysis.</a> JAMA. 301 (19), 2024-2035 (2009).</li><li>Westerblad, H., Place, N., Yamada, T., Rassier, D. 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L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Muscle+function+and+quality+of+life+in+the+Crohn's+disease.">Muscle function and quality of life in the Crohn's disease.</a> Fisioter Mov. 30, 337-345 (2017).</li><li>Esch, B. T., Scott, J. M., Warburton, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Construction+of+a+lower+body+negative+pressure+chamber.">Construction of a lower body negative pressure chamber.</a> Adv Physiol Educ. 31 (1), 76-81 (2007).</li><li>Ryan, T. E., Southern, W. M., Reynolds, M. A., McCully, K. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+cross-validation+of+near-infrared+spectroscopy+measurements+of+skeletal+muscle+oxidative+capacity+with+phosphorus+magnetic+resonance+spectroscopy.">A cross-validation of near-infrared spectroscopy measurements of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy.</a> J Appl Physiol. 115 (12), 1757-1766 (2013).</li><li>Ryan, T. E., Brophy, P., Lin, C. T., Hickner, R. C., Neufer, P. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+in+vivo+skeletal+muscle+mitochondrial+respiratory+capacity+in+humans+by+near-infrared+spectroscopy:+a+comparison+with+in+situ+measurements.">Assessment of in vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity in humans by near-infrared spectroscopy: a comparison with in situ measurements.</a> J Physiol. 592 (15), 3231-3241 (2014).</li><li>Adami, A., Rossiter, H. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Principles,+insights+and+potential+pitfalls+of+the+non-invasive+determination+of+muscle+oxidative+capacity+by+near-infrared+spectroscopy.">Principles, insights and potential pitfalls of the non-invasive determination of muscle oxidative capacity by near-infrared spectroscopy.</a> J Appl Physiol. , (2017).</li><li>Corretti, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+for+the+ultrasound+assessment+of+endothelial-dependent+flow-mediated+vasodilation+of+the+brachial+artery+-+A+report+of+the+International+Brachial+Artery+Reactivity+Task+Force.">Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery - A report of the International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force.</a> J Am Coll Cardiol. 39 (2), 257-265 (2002).</li><li>Thijssen, D. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+flow-mediated+dilation+in+humans:+a+methodological+and+physiological+guideline.">Assessment of flow-mediated dilation in humans: a methodological and physiological guideline.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 300 (1), H2-H12 (2011).</li><li>Green, D. J., Jones, H., Thijssen, D., Cable, N. T., Atkinson, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow-mediated+dilation+and+cardiovascular+event+prediction:+does+nitric+oxide+matter?.">Flow-mediated dilation and cardiovascular event prediction: does nitric oxide matter?.</a> Hypertension. 57 (3), 363-369 (2011).</li><li>Southern, W. M., Ryan, T. E., Reynolds, M. A., McCully, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reproducibility+of+near-infrared+spectroscopy+measurements+of+oxidative+function+and+postexercise+recovery+kinetics+in+the+medial+gastrocnemius+muscle.">Reproducibility of near-infrared spectroscopy measurements of oxidative function and postexercise recovery kinetics in the medial gastrocnemius muscle.</a> Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 39 (5), 521-529 (2014).</li><li>Ryan, T. E., Erickson, M. L., Brizendine, J. T., Young, H. J., McCully, K. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+evaluation+of+skeletal+muscle+mitochondrial+capacity+with+near-infrared+spectroscopy:+correcting+for+blood+volume+changes.">Noninvasive evaluation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity with near-infrared spectroscopy: correcting for blood volume changes.</a> J Appl Physiol. 113 (2), 175-183 (2012).</li><li>Ryan, T. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skeletal+muscle+oxidative+capacity+in+amyotrophic+lateral+sclerosis.">Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</a> Muscle Nerve. 50 (5), 767-774 (2014).</li><li>Mayeur, C., Campard, S., Richard, C., Teboul, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+four+different+vascular+occlusion+tests+for+assessing+reactive+hyperemia+using+near-infrared+spectroscopy.">Comparison of four different vascular occlusion tests for assessing reactive hyperemia using near-infrared spectroscopy.</a> Crit Care Med. 39 (4), 695-701 (2011).</li><li>McLay, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascular+responsiveness+determined+by+near-infrared+spectroscopy+measures+of+oxygen+saturation.">Vascular responsiveness determined by near-infrared spectroscopy measures of oxygen saturation.</a> Exp Physiol. 101 (1), 34-40 (2016).</li><li>McLay, K. M., Nederveen, J. P., Pogliaghi, S., Paterson, D. H., Murias, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repeatability+of+vascular+responsiveness+measures+derived+from+near-infrared+spectroscopy.">Repeatability of vascular responsiveness measures derived from near-infrared spectroscopy.</a> Physiol Rep. 4 (9), (2016).</li><li>Ryan, T. E., Southern, W. M., Brizendine, J. T., McCully, K. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activity-induced+changes+in+skeletal+muscle+metabolism+measured+with+optical+spectroscopy.">Activity-induced changes in skeletal muscle metabolism measured with optical spectroscopy.</a> Med Sci Sports Exerc. 45 (12), 2346-2352 (2013).</li><li>Southern, W. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduced+skeletal+muscle+oxidative+capacity+and+impaired+training+adaptations+in+heart+failure.">Reduced skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and impaired training adaptations in heart failure.</a> Physiol Rep. 3 (4), (2015).</li><li>Ryan, T. E., Brizendine, J. T., McCully, K. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparison+of+exercise+type+and+intensity+on+the+noninvasive+assessment+of+skeletal+muscle+mitochondrial+function+using+near-infrared+spectroscopy.">A comparison of exercise type and intensity on the noninvasive assessment of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function using near-infrared spectroscopy.</a> J Appl Physiol. 114 (2), 230-237 (2013).</li><li>Adami, A., Cao, R., Porszasz, J., Casaburi, R., Rossiter, H. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reproducibility+of+NIRS+assessment+of+muscle+oxidative+capacity+in+smokers+with+and+without+COPD.">Reproducibility of NIRS assessment of muscle oxidative capacity in smokers with and without COPD.</a> Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 235, 18-26 (2017).</li><li>Lacroix, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reproducibility+of+near-infrared+spectroscopy+parameters+measured+during+brachial+artery+occlusion+and+reactive+hyperemia+in+healthy+men.">Reproducibility of near-infrared spectroscopy parameters measured during brachial artery occlusion and reactive hyperemia in healthy men.</a> J Biomed Opt. 17 (7), 077010 (2012).</li><li>Bopp, C. M., Townsend, D. K., Warren, S., Barstow, T. 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Metodene som er beskrevet her kan ikke-invasiv, klinisk evaluering av reaktive hyperemia nevrovaskulære kopling og skjelettlidelser muskel oksidativt kapasitet i en klinikk eller laboratorium besøk.
Kritiske betraktninger
Selv om NIRS er relativt robust og enkel å bruke, innsamling av disse dataene kreve forsiktig optodes rett over magemusklene, sikret tett å unngå bevegelse gjenstand, og dekket med et svart vinyl ark i en dunkelt oppl...

Hyperemic responsen på en kort periode av vev iskemi har dukket opp som viktige ikke-invasiv mål (mikro) vaskulær funksjonen. Under okklusjon av en arterie kanal dilate nedstrøms arterioler å oppveie den iskemiske fornærmelsen. Etter utgivelsen av okklusjon, redusert vaskulær motstand resulterer i hyperemia, omfanget av dem er diktert av ens evne til å dilate den nedstrøms microvasculature. Reaktiv hyperemia er en sterk selvstendig prediktor for hjerte hendelser1,2 , og derfor et klinisk signifikant sluttpunkt, er funksjonell betydning å utøve toleranse og livskvalitet mindre klart.
Faktisk representerer dynamisk trening en store hjerte-stress som krever svært koordinert nevrovaskulære svar for å matche oksygen levering til metabolske behovet. For eksempel kan skjelettlidelser muskel blodstrømmen øke nesten 100-fold under isolert muskel sammentrekninger3, hvilke ville overmanne pumpekapasitet hjertets hvis slik hemodynamic respons var extrapolated til hele kroppen øvelse. Følgelig å unngå alvorlige hypotensjon, sympatisk (dvs. vasoconstrictor) nervøs aktivitet øker for å videredistribuere cardiac output fra inaktive og visceral vev og mot aktive Skjelettmuskel4. Sympatisk utløp er også rettet mot de trener Skjelettmuskel5; men lokale metabolske signalering attenuates vasoconstrictor svaret for å sikre tilstrekkelig vev oksygen levering6,7,8,9,10, 11. kollektivt, denne prosessen kalles funksjonell sympatholysis12, og er viktig å normal regulering av Skjelettmuskel blodstrøm under trening. Siden skjelettlidelser muskel blodstrømmen er en viktig determinant av Aerob kapasitet, en uavhengig prediktor for kvalitet av livet og hjerte-og karsykdommer sykelighet og dødelighet13-forståelse av Skjelettmuskel blodet flyt og vev oksygen levering under trening er stor klinisk betydning.
Oksygen levering er bare halvparten av Fick ligningen, men med oksygen utnyttelse tilfredsstille den andre halvdelen av ligningen. Blant store determinates av oksygen utnyttelse, mitokondrie oxidative fosforylering spiller en viktig rolle i å levere tilstrekkelig energi for mobilnettet prosesser resten og under trening. Faktisk, impairments i muskel oksidativt kapasitet kan begrense funksjonell kapasitet og livskvalitet14,15,16. Ulike tiltak er vanlig å gi en indeks av muskel oksidativt kapasitet, inkludert invasiv muskel biopsier og dyre og tidkrevende magnetisk resonans spektroskopi (MRS) teknikker.
Her foreslår vi en roman, ikke-invasiv tilnærming, med nær infrarød spektroskopi (NIRS), for å vurdere hver av disse tre store klinisk endepunktene (reaktive hyperemia, sympatholysis og muskel oksidativt kapasitet) i en enkelt klinikk eller laboratorium besøk. De store fordelene med denne tilnærmingen er tre-fold: først, denne teknikken er lett bærbar, relativt lave kostnader og enkel å utføre. Gjeldende Doppler ultralyd tilnærminger for å måle reaktive hyperemia er svært operatøravhengig-som krever omfattende kompetanse og opplæring, og krever avansert, høye kostnader, data oppkjøpet maskinvare og post-prosessering programvare. Videre, dette kan tenkes bli introdusert i klinikken og/eller store kliniske studier for sengen overvåking og testing terapeutiske effekten. Andre i kraft av metodene fokuserer denne teknikken spesielt på skjelettmuskulatur microvasculature, øker den samlede spesifisiteten av teknikken. Alternative tilnærminger ved hjelp av Doppler ultralyd fokusere utelukkende på oppstrøms kanal fartøy og antyde endringer nedstrøms, som kan dempe signalet. Tredje, denne teknikken er fullstendig non-invasiv. Skjelettmuskel oksidativt kapasitet er tradisjonelt vurdert med invasiv og smertefulle muskel biopsier og funksjonelle sympatholysis vurderes med intra arteriell injeksjon av sympatomimetika og sympatholytics. Dette unngår disse kravene alle sammen.

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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:328px;">Dual-channel OxiplexTS Near-infrared spectroscopy machine</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Iss Medical</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">101</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">NIRS muscle sensor</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Iss Medical</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">201.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">E20 Rapid cuff inflation system</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Hokanson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">AG101 Air Source</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Hokanson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AG101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Smedley Handgrip dynometer (recording)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Stolting</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">56380</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Powerlab 16/35, 16 Channel Recorder</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">ADInstruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PL3516</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Human NIBP Set</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">ADInstruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ML282-SM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Bio Amp</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">ADInstruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FE132</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Quad Bridge Amp</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">ADInstruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FE224</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Connex Spot Monitor</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Welch Allyn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">71WX-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Origin(Pro) graphing software</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">OrignPro</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Pro</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:328px;">Lower body negative pressure chamber</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Physiology Research Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">standard unit</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

skeletal muscle neurovascular coupling, oxidative capacity, and microvascular function with 'one stop shop' near-infrared spectroscopy

Øvelse representerer en store hemodynamic stress som krever svært koordinert nevrovaskulære svar for å matche oksygen levering til metabolske behovet. Reaktiv hyperemia (som svar på en kort periode av vev iskemi) er en uavhengig prediktor for hjerte hendelser og gir viktig innsikt i vaskulær helse og vasodilatory kapasitet. Skjelettmuskel oksidativt kapasitet er like viktig i helse og sykdom, fordi den avgjør energiforsyning for myocellular prosesser. Her beskriver vi en enkel, ikke-invasiv tilnærming med nær infrarød spektroskopi for å vurdere hver av disse store klinisk endepunktene (reaktive hyperemia nevrovaskulære kopling og muskel oksidativt kapasitet) under et klinikk eller laboratorium besøk. I motsetning til Doppler ultralyd, magnetisk resonans bilder/spektroskopi, eller invasiv kateter-baserte flyt mål eller muskel biopsier er vår tilnærming mindre operatøravhengig, rimelig og helt ikke-invasiv. Representant data fra vår lab tatt med sammendragsdata fra tidligere publisert litteratur illustrerer nytten av hver av disse end-meningene. Når denne teknikken er mestret, vil programmet klinisk bestander gi viktig mekanistisk innsikt mosjon intoleranse og hjerte dysfunksjon.

Skjelettmuskel oksidativt kapasitet
Figur 2 viser et representativt deltaker svar under en NIRS-avledet Skjelettmuskel oksidativt kapasitet vurdering. Panelet A viser vev metning profil under en 5 min arteriell mansjett okklusjon protokollen, håndtaket trening og intermitterende arteriell okklusjon under gjenoppretting etter trening. Panelet B illustrerer den forventede ve...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy at JoVE.com

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Skjelettmuskel nevrovaskulære kopling og oksidativt kapasitet mikrovaskulær funksjon med 'One Stop Shop' nær infrarød spektroskopi

Her beskriver vi en enkel, ikke-invasiv tilnærming med nær infrarød spektroskopi for å vurdere reaktive hyperemia, nevrovaskulære kopling og skjelettlidelser muskel oksidativt kapasitet i en klinikk eller laboratorium besøk.

Exercise represents a major hemodynamic stress that demands a highly coordinated neurovascular response in order to match oxygen delivery to metabolic ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Myo-mechanical Analysis of Isolated Skeletal Muscle

To assess the in vivo effects of therapeutic interventions for the treatment of muscle disease 1,2,3, quantitative methods are needed that measure force ...

In Vivo Canine Muscle Function Assay

In Vivo Canine Muscle Function Assay

We describe a minimally-invasive and reproducible method to measure canine pelvic limb muscle strength and muscle response to repeated eccentric 
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Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics

Skeletal Muscle Kjønn Dimorphism fra Proteomikk

Gross contraction in skeletal muscle is primarily determined by a relatively small number of contractile proteins, however this tissue is also remarkably ...

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function

Non-invasiv Vurdering av Mikrovaskulær og endotelfunksjon

The authors have utilized capillaroscopy and forearm blood flow techniques to investigate the role of microvascular dysfunction in pathogenesis of ...

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Kvantitativ Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) describes the development and use of MRI to quantify physical, chemical, and/or biological properties of ...

Combined Near-infrared Fluorescent Imaging and Micro-computed Tomography for Directly Visualizing Cerebral Thromboemboli

Kombinert Nær-infrarød Fluorescent Imaging og Micro-computertomografi for Direkte Visualisering Cerebral tromboemboli

Direct thrombus imaging visualizes the root cause of thromboembolic infarction. Being able to image thrombus directly allows far better investigation of ...

Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans

Induksjon og vurdering av anstrengelsesutløst Skeletal Muscle skader hos mennesker

Contraction-induced muscle damage via voluntary eccentric (lengthening) contractions offers an excellent model for studying muscle adaptation and recovery ...

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Fosfor-31 Magnetic Resonance spektroskopi: Et verktøy for måling<em&gt; I Vivo</em&gt; Mitokondriell oksidativ fosforylering Kapasitet i Human Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity, which is critically important in health and disease, can be measured in vivo ...

Assessment of Human Adipose Tissue Microvascular Function Using Videomicroscopy

Vurdering av menneskelig fettvev mikrovaskulær funksjon med Videomicroscopy

While obesity is closely linked to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disease, little is known about mechanisms that govern these processes. ...

A New Best Practice for Validating Tail Vein Injections in Rat with Near-infrared-Labeled Agents

En ny beste praksis for validering av halen blodåre injeksjoner i rotte med nær-infrarød-merket agenter

Intravenous (IV) administration of agents into the tail vein of rats can be both difficult and inconsistent. Optimizing tail vein injections is a key part ...