Name: dual effects of melanoma cell-derived factors on bone marrow adipocytes differentiation
Uploaded: 2018-08-23T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dual Effects of Melanoma Cell-derived Factors on Bone Marrow Adipocytes Differentiation at JoVE.com

Agradecemos Dov Zipori (Instituto de Ciência Weizmann, Rehovot, Israel) gentilmente para nos fornecer a célula do estroma murino medula óssea linha 14F1.1. Este estudo foi suportado por concessões do chinês Fundação Nacional da ciência Natural (n º 81771729) e a Universidade Yongchuan Hospital de Chongqing médica (n º s. YJQN201330; YJZQN201527).

Nota: Todas as células, usadas no presente protocolo devem ser adultos pelo menos três gerações após o descongelamento de células congeladas de estoque.
1. colheita fatores de derivado de células de Melanoma
<ol><li>
Preparações
	<ol>
<li>Obter células B16F10 e uma linhagem de células de melanoma de rato. Nota: Para este protocolo, uma linhagem de células de melanoma de rato foi obtida do banco de células-tronco da Academia Chinesa de Ciências.</li>
		<li>Fa...

<ol>
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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+bone+marrow+adipocytes+in+bone+metastasis.">The role of bone marrow adipocytes in bone metastasis.</a> Journal of Bone Oncology. 5 (3), 121-123 (2016).</li><li>Diedrich, J. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+marrow+adipocytes+promote+the+Warburg+phenotype+in+metastatic+prostate+tumors+via+HIF-1alpha+activation.">Bone marrow adipocytes promote the Warburg phenotype in metastatic prostate tumors via HIF-1alpha activation.</a> Oncotarget. 7 (40), 64854-64877 (2016).</li><li>Chkourko Gusky, H., Diedrich, J., MacDougald, O. A., Podgorski, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Omentum+and+bone+marrow:+how+adipocyte-rich+organs+create+tumour+microenvironments+conducive+for+metastatic+progression.">Omentum and bone marrow: how adipocyte-rich organs create tumour microenvironments conducive for metastatic progression.</a> Obesity Reviews. 17 (11), 1015-1029 (2016).</li><li>Chen, G. 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Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mammary+adipocytes+stimulate+breast+cancer+invasion+through+metabolic+remodeling+of+tumor+cells.">Mammary adipocytes stimulate breast cancer invasion through metabolic remodeling of tumor cells.</a> JCI Insight. 2 (4), 87489 (2017).</li><li>Wang, C., Gao, C., Meng, K., Qiao, H., Wang, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+adipocytes+stimulate+invasion+of+breast+cancer+MCF-7+cells+by+secreting+IGFBP-2.">Human adipocytes stimulate invasion of breast cancer MCF-7 cells by secreting IGFBP-2.</a> PLoS One. 10 (3), 0119348 (2015).</li><li>Nieman, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipocytes+promote+ovarian+cancer+metastasis+and+provide+energy+for+rapid+tumor+growth.">Adipocytes promote ovarian cancer metastasis and provide energy for rapid tumor growth.</a> Nature Medicine. 17 (11), 1498-1503 (2011).</li><li>Herroon, M. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+marrow+adipocytes+promote+tumor+growth+in+bone+via+FABP4-dependent+mechanisms.">Bone marrow adipocytes promote tumor growth in bone via FABP4-dependent mechanisms.</a> Oncotarget. 4 (11), 2108-2123 (2013).</li><li>Tabe, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+Marrow+Adipocytes+Facilitate+Fatty+Acid+Oxidation+Activating+AMPK+and+a+Transcriptional+Network+Supporting+Survival+of+Acute+Monocytic+Leukemia+Cells.">Bone Marrow Adipocytes Facilitate Fatty Acid Oxidation Activating AMPK and a Transcriptional Network Supporting Survival of Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cells.</a> Cancer Research. 77 (6), 1453-1464 (2017).</li><li>Wen, Y. 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S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Breast+Cancer+Cell+Colonization+of+the+Human+Bone+Marrow+Adipose+Tissue+Niche.">Breast Cancer Cell Colonization of the Human Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Niche.</a> Neoplasia. 17 (12), 849-861 (2015).</li><li>Daquinag, A. C., Souza, G. R., Kolonin, M. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose+tissue+engineering+in+three-dimensional+levitation+tissue+culture+system+based+on+magnetic+nanoparticles.">Adipose tissue engineering in three-dimensional levitation tissue culture system based on magnetic nanoparticles.</a> Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods. 19 (5), 336-344 (2013).</li><li>Emont, M. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+a+3D+Culture+System+to+Differentiate+Visceral+Adipocytes+In+Vitro.">Using a 3D Culture System to Differentiate Visceral Adipocytes In Vitro.</a> Endocrinology. 156 (12), 4761-4768 (2015).</li><li>Katt, M. E., Placone, A. L., Wong, A. D., Xu, Z. S., Searson, P. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+Vitro+Tumor+Models:+Advantages,+Disadvantages,+Variables,+and+Selecting+the+Right+Platform.">In Vitro Tumor Models: Advantages, Disadvantages, Variables, and Selecting the Right Platform.</a> Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 4, 12 (2016).</li><li>Edmondson, R., Broglie, J. J., Adcock, A. F., Yang, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+cell+culture+systems+and+their+applications+in+drug+discovery+and+cell-based+biosensors.">Three-dimensional cell culture systems and their applications in drug discovery and cell-based biosensors.</a> ASSAY and Drug Development Technologies. 12 (4), 207-218 (2014).</li><li>Herroon, M. K., Diedrich, J. D., Podgorski, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+3D-Culture+Approaches+to+Study+Interactions+of+Bone+Marrow+Adipocytes+with+Metastatic+Prostate+Cancer+Cells.">New 3D-Culture Approaches to Study Interactions of Bone Marrow Adipocytes with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells.</a> Frontiers in Endocrinology (Lausanne). 7, 84 (2016).</li><li>Lee, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+three-dimensional+microenvironment+alters+protein+expression+and+chemosensitivity+of+epithelial+ovarian+cancer+cells+in+vitro.">A three-dimensional microenvironment alters protein expression and chemosensitivity of epithelial ovarian cancer cells in vitro.</a> Laboratory Investigation. 93 (5), 528-542 (2013).</li><li>Imamura, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+2D-+and+3D-culture+models+as+drug-testing+platforms+in+breast+cancer.">Comparison of 2D- and 3D-culture models as drug-testing platforms in breast cancer.</a> Oncology Reports. 33 (4), 1837-1843 (2015).</li><li>Birgersdotter, A., Sandberg, R., Ernberg, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+expression+perturbation+in+vitro--a+growing+case+for+three-dimensional+(3D)+culture+systems.">Gene expression perturbation in vitro--a growing case for three-dimensional (3D) culture systems.</a> Seminars in Cancer Biology. 15 (5), 405-412 (2005).</li><li>Wang, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=3D+spheroid+culture+system+on+micropatterned+substrates+for+improved+differentiation+efficiency+of+multipotent+mesenchymal+stem+cells.">3D spheroid culture system on micropatterned substrates for improved differentiation efficiency of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells.</a> Biomaterials. 30 (14), 2705-2715 (2009).</li><li>Dirat, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cancer-associated+adipocytes+exhibit+an+activated+phenotype+and+contribute+to+breast+cancer+invasion.">Cancer-associated adipocytes exhibit an activated phenotype and contribute to breast cancer invasion.</a> Cancer Research. 71 (7), 2455-2465 (2011).</li><li>Scott, M. A., Nguyen, V. T., Levi, B., James, A. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+methods+of+adipogenic+differentiation+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells.">Current methods of adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.</a> Stem Cells and Development. 20 (10), 1793-1804 (2011).</li><li>Zipori, D., Toledo, J., von der Mark, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phenotypic+heterogeneity+among+stromal+cell+lines+from+mouse+bone+marrow+disclosed+in+their+extracellular+matrix+composition+and+interactions+with+normal+and+leukemic+cells.">Phenotypic heterogeneity among stromal cell lines from mouse bone marrow disclosed in their extracellular matrix composition and interactions with normal and leukemic cells.</a> Blood. 66 (2), 447-455 (1985).</li><li>Maridas, D. E., Rendina-Ruedy, E., Le, P. T., Rosen, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation,+Culture,+and+Differentiation+of+Bone+Marrow+Stromal+Cells+and+Osteoclast+Progenitors+from+Mice.">Isolation, Culture, and Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and Osteoclast Progenitors from Mice.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (131), e56750 (2018).</li><li>Iguchi, T., Niino, N., Tamai, S., Sakurai, K., Mori, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Absolute+Quantification+of+Plasma+MicroRNA+Levels+in+Cynomolgus+Monkeys,+Using+Quantitative+Real-time+Reverse+Transcription+PCR.">Absolute Quantification of Plasma MicroRNA Levels in Cynomolgus Monkeys, Using Quantitative Real-time Reverse Transcription PCR.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (132), e56850 (2018).</li><li>Bozec, A., Hannemann, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanism+of+Regulation+of+Adipocyte+Numbers+in+Adult+Organisms+Through+Differentiation+and+Apoptosis+Homeostasis.">Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (112), e53822 (2016).</li><li>Shafat, M. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Leukemic+blasts+program+bone+marrow+adipocytes+to+generate+a+protumoral+microenvironment.">Leukemic blasts program bone marrow adipocytes to generate a protumoral microenvironment.</a> Blood. 129 (10), 1320-1332 (2017).</li><li>Gazi, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+evidence+of+lipid+translocation+between+adipocytes+and+prostate+cancer+cells+with+imaging+FTIR+microspectroscopy.">Direct evidence of lipid translocation between adipocytes and prostate cancer cells with imaging FTIR microspectroscopy.</a> The Journal of Lipid Research. 48 (8), 1846-1856 (2007).</li><li>Brown, M. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+omega-6+PUFA+arachidonic+acid+and+bone+marrow+adipocytes+on+metastatic+spread+from+prostate+cancer.">Influence of omega-6 PUFA arachidonic acid and bone marrow adipocytes on metastatic spread from prostate cancer.</a> British Journal of Cancer. 102 (2), 403-413 (2010).</li><li>Hardaway, A. L., Herroon, M. 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Cocultures com inserções foram amplamente utilizados para estudar as interações de célula para célula. O sistema coculture 2D é uma maneira eficaz de observar como as duas partes crosstalk em vitro, pelo qual mostramos aqui dois efeitos diferentes de câncer orientado a célula na medula óssea de adipócitos. Muitos laboratórios têm utilizado este método para investigar o crosstalk entre adipócitos e câncer células6,12,,<sup clas...

Metástases ósseas são comuns entre pacientes com câncer avançado, mas um tratamento curativo é ainda não está disponível. Além de especializada em armazenamento de energia como gordura, adipócitos podem suportar o crescimento do tumor e metástases em medula óssea e outros órgãos1,2,3,4,5,6. Além disso, adipócitos desempenham um papel essencial na regulação câncer célula biologia7,8,9,10 e metabolismo4,11,12 ,13,14,15,16, como bem como em osso metástase1,4,12. No nicho de medula óssea, adipócitos também podem afetar o comportamento biológico do câncer células4,6,17. A interacção entre a medula óssea adipócitos e células de câncer com osteotropism é significativa para a compreensão da metástase óssea. No entanto, pouco se sabe.
Baseado nos estudos atuais, vários métodos são aplicados a adipócitos, incluindo duas ou três dimensões (2/3D) e ex vivo culturas17,18,19,20,21. Recentemente, Herroon et al desenhou uma nova abordagem de 3D-cultura para estudar as interações dos adipócitos de medula óssea com células de câncer22. Embora o coculture 3D é ideal para imitar fisiológicas interações entre adipócitos e câncer células na vivo, sofre pobre reprodutibilidade22,23. Em comparação com um sistema de coculture 2D, um sistema 3D coculture pode fornecer diferentes fenótipos celulares, tais como célula morfologia21,22,24,25,26. Além disso, a cultura ex vivo de fragmentos de tecido ósseo esponjoso isolado pode levar a uma consequência robusta de adipócitos de células de medula culta17.
Em contraste com os modelos anteriores, no entanto, o modelo de cultura celular 2D continua a ser uma técnica clássica, confiável e fácil para digitalização rapidamente as moléculas do candidato e os fenótipos mudados em adipócitos ou câncer células in vitro1, 4,6,12,15,27. Para entender melhor o crosstalk entre adipócitos de medula óssea e as células de melanoma, nós fornecemos um protocolo detalhado para um sistema 2D coculture dos adipócitos de medula óssea com células de melanoma.

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		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:18px;width:215px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Invitrogen Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">11965092</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Invitrogen Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">16000&#8211;044</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Invitrogen Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">14190-144</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">Insulin</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">91077C</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">I5879</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">Dexamethasone</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">D4902</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">Oil Red o</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">O0625</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">24-well plate</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">CLS3527</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">Transwell insert</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">MCHT24H48</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">isopropanol</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">I9516</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">0.25% trypsin</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">25200056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">hemocytometer</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">1450016</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">Culture incubator</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">50ml falcon</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">CLS430828</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">Clean Bench</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">Microscopy</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">200 &#956;L pipet tips</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">BeyoGold</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">FTIP620</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:215px;">1000 mL pipet tips</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">BeyoGold</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">FTIP628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

dual effects of melanoma cell-derived factors on bone marrow adipocytes differentiation

O crosstalk entre adipócitos de medula óssea e células tumorais pode desempenhar um papel crítico no processo de metástase óssea. Uma variedade de métodos estão disponíveis para estudar a interferência significativa; no entanto, um sistema bidimensional transwell para coculture continua a ser um clássico, confiável e fácil caminho para este estudo de interferência. Aqui, apresentamos um protocolo detalhado que mostra o coculture de adipócitos de medula óssea e células de melanoma. No entanto, tal sistema coculture poderia não só contribuir para o estudo da transductions de sinal de celular das células cancerosas induzidas pela medula óssea adipócitos, mas também para o futuro mecanicista estudo de metástase óssea, que pode revelar novos alvos terapêuticos para o osso metástase.

Na medula óssea, adipócitos podem aparecer no tumor microambiente1,13,33,34,35 numa fase precoce para apoiar a progressão do tumor através de fatores solúveis ou Ativando a12,osteoclastogenesis6,36, especialmente no contexto da ob...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dual Effects of Melanoma Cell-derived Factors on Bone Marrow Adipocytes Differentiation at JoVE.com

Dual Effects of Melanoma Cell-derived Factors on Bone Marrow Adipocytes Differentiation

Aqui, apresentamos um sistema confiável e simples bidimensional coculture (2D) para estudar a interação entre as células do tumor e da medula óssea de adipócitos, que revela um duplo efeito de fatores derivado de células de melanoma em adipócitos a medula óssea diferenciação e também coloca um método clássico para o estudo mecanicista da metástase óssea.

Efeitos duplos de fatores derivado de células de Melanoma na diferenciação de adipócitos de medula óssea

The crosstalk between bone marrow adipocytes and tumor cells may play a critical role in the process of bone metastasis. A variety of methods are ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Conditional Knockdown of Gene Expression in Cancer Cell Lines to Study the Recruitment of Monocytes/Macrophages to the Tumor Microenvironment

Knockdown condicional de expressão gênica em linhas de células de câncer para estudar o recrutamento de monócitos/macrófagos para o microambiente do Tumor

siRNA and shRNA-mediated knock down (KD) methods of regulating gene expression are invaluable tools for understanding gene and protein function. However, ...

Pesquisa do câncer

Comprehensive Protocol to Sample and Process Bone Marrow for Measuring Measurable Residual Disease and Leukemic Stem Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Protocolo abrangente de amostra e da medula óssea do processo de medição de doença Residual mensurável e células leucêmicas em leucemia mieloide aguda

Response criteria in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has recently been re-established, with morphologic examination utilized to determine whether patients ...

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model

Um modelo de pele Melanoma de Organotypic 3D esferoide

Malignant transformation of melanocytes, the pigment cells of human skin, causes formation of melanoma, a highly aggressive cancer with increased ...

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice

Imagem de tomografia computadorizada multimodal bioluminescentes e emissão positrônica Tomography/computacional de mieloma múltiplo Xenografts de medula óssea em camundongos NOG

Multiple myeloma (MM) tumors engraft in the bone marrow (BM) and their survival and progression are dependent upon complex molecular and cellular ...

A Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Model

Um modelo de Xenoenxerto derivado do paciente com melanoma

Accumulating evidence suggests that molecular and biological properties differ in melanoma cells grown in traditional two-dimensional tissue culture ...

Generation of a Liver Orthotopic Human Uveal Melanoma Xenograft Platform in Immunodeficient Mice

Geração de uma plataforma de xenoenxerto de melanoma uveal humano ortotópico do fígado em camundongos imunodeficientes

In recent decades, subcutaneously implanted patient-derived xenograft tumors or cultured human cell lines have been increasingly recognized as more ...

Characterization of the Effects of Migrastatic Inhibitors on 3D Tumor Spheroid Invasion by High-resolution Confocal Microscopy

Caracterização dos efeitos de inibidores de Migrastatic na invasão do spheroid do tumor 3D pela microscopia confocal de alta resolução

Drug discovery and development in cancer research is increasingly being based on drug screens in a 3D format. Novel inhibitors targeting the migratory and ...

Modeling Primary Bone Tumors and Bone Metastasis with Solid Tumor Graft Implantation into Bone

Modelagem de Tumores Ósseos Primários e Metástases Ósseas com Implante de Enxerto Sólido de Tumor em Osso

Primary bone tumors or bone metastasis from solid tumors result in painful osteolytic, osteoblastic, or mixed osteolytic/osteoblastic lesions. These ...

Mapping the Structure-Function Relationships of Disordered Oncogenic Transcription Factors Using Transcriptomic Analysis

Mapeando as Relações Estrutura-Função de Fatores de Transcrição Oncogênica Desordenados usando análise transcriômica

Many cancers are characterized by chromosomal translocations which result in the expression of oncogenic fusion transcription factors. Typically, these ...

Modeling the Effects of Hemodynamic Stress on Circulating Tumor Cells using a Syringe and Needle

Modelando os efeitos do estresse hemodinâmico em células tumorais circulantes usando uma seringa e agulha

During metastasis, cancer cells from solid tissues, including epithelia, gain access to the lymphatic and hematogenous circulation where they are exposed ...