Name: implantation of electrospun vascular grafts with optimized structure in a rat model
Uploaded: 2018-06-27T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Implantation of Electrospun Vascular Grafts with Optimized Structure in a Rat Model at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev økonomisk støttet af NSFC projekter (81522023, 81530059, 91639113, 81772000, 81371699 og 81401534).

Brugen af forsøgsdyr blev godkendt af dyr eksperimenter etiske udvalg af Nankai universitetet og udføres i overensstemmelse med vejledningen til pleje og brug af forsøgsdyr.
1. fabrikation af Electrospun PCL Grafts
Bemærk: Heri, en electrospinning teknik blev udnyttet til at fabrikere vaskulære podninger.
<ol><li>Forberede PCL løsninger af 25 wt % og 10 wt %, ved at opløse PCL i en blanding af metanol og chloroform, henholdsvis (1:5 volumen ratio), ved stue...

<ol>
	<li>Coombs, K. E., Leonard, A. T., Rush, M. N., Santistevan, D. A., Hedberg-Dirk, E. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolated+effect+of+material+stiffness+on+valvular+interstitial+cell+differentiation.">Isolated effect of material stiffness on valvular interstitial cell differentiation.</a> J Biomed Mater Res A. 105 (1), 51-61 (2017).</li><li>Zhang, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+sandwich+tubular+scaffold+derived+from+chitosan+for+blood+vessel+tissue+engineering.">A sandwich tubular scaffold derived from chitosan for blood vessel tissue engineering.</a> J Biomed Mater Res A. 77 (2), 277-284 (2006).</li><li>Thottappillil, N., Nair, P. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scaffolds+in+vascular+regeneration:+current+status.">Scaffolds in vascular regeneration: current status.</a> Vasc Health Risk Manag. 11, 79-91 (2015).</li><li>Pektok, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Degradation+and+healing+characteristics+of+small-diameter+poly+(e-caprolactone)+vascular+grafts+in+the+rat+systemic+arterial+circulation.">Degradation and healing characteristics of small-diameter poly (e-caprolactone) vascular grafts in the rat systemic arterial circulation.</a> Circulation. 118 (24), 2563-2570 (2008).</li><li>Innocente, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paclitaxel-eluting+biodegradable+synthetic+vascular+prostheses:+a+step+towards+reduction+of+neointima+formation?.">Paclitaxel-eluting biodegradable synthetic vascular prostheses: a step towards reduction of neointima formation?.</a> Circulation. 120 (11 Suppl), S37-S45 (2009).</li><li>de Valence, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advantages+of+bilayered+vascular+grafts+for+surgical+applicability+and+tissue+regeneration.">Advantages of bilayered vascular grafts for surgical applicability and tissue regeneration.</a> Acta Biomater. 8 (11), 3914-3920 (2012).</li><li>Assmann, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acceleration+of+autologous+in+vivo+recellularization+of+decellularized+aortic+conduits+by+fibronectin+surface+coating.">Acceleration of autologous in vivo recellularization of decellularized aortic conduits by fibronectin surface coating.</a> Biomaterials. 34 (25), 6015-6026 (2013).</li><li>Hasan, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrospun+scaffolds+for+tissue+engineering+of+vascular+grafts.">Electrospun scaffolds for tissue engineering of vascular grafts.</a> Acta Biomater. 10 (1), 11-25 (2014).</li><li>Baker, B. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+potential+to+improve+cell+infiltration+in+composite+fiber-aligned+electrospun+scaffolds+by+the+selective+removal+of+sacrificial+fibers.">The potential to improve cell infiltration in composite fiber-aligned electrospun scaffolds by the selective removal of sacrificial fibers.</a> Biomaterials. 29 (15), 2348-2358 (2008).</li><li>Wang, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Creation+of+macropores+in+electrospun+silk+fibroin+scaffolds+using+sacrificial+PEO-microparticles+to+enhance+cellular+infiltration.">Creation of macropores in electrospun silk fibroin scaffolds using sacrificial PEO-microparticles to enhance cellular infiltration.</a> Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. 101 (12), 3474-3481 (2013).</li><li>Lee, B. L. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Femtosecond+laser+ablation+enhances+cell+infiltration+into+three-dimensional+electrospun+scaffolds.">Femtosecond laser ablation enhances cell infiltration into three-dimensional electrospun scaffolds.</a> Acta Biomaterialia. 8 (7), 2648-2658 (2012).</li><li>Rnjak-Kovacina, J., Weiss, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increasing+the+pore+size+of+electrospun+scaffolds.">Increasing the pore size of electrospun scaffolds.</a> Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 17 (5), 365-372 (2011).</li><li>Zhong, S., Zhang, Y., Lim, C. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+of+large+pores+in+electrospun+nanofibrous+scaffolds+for+cellular+infiltration:+a+review.">Fabrication of large pores in electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for cellular infiltration: a review.</a> Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 18 (2), 77-87 (2012).</li><li>Pham, Q. P., Sharma, U., Mikos, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrospun+poly(epsilon-caprolactone)+microfiber+and+multilayer+nanofiber/microfiber+scaffolds:+characterization+of+scaffolds+and+measurement+of+cellular+infiltration.">Electrospun poly(epsilon-caprolactone) microfiber and multilayer nanofiber/microfiber scaffolds: characterization of scaffolds and measurement of cellular infiltration.</a> Biomacromolecules. 7 (10), 2796-2805 (2006).</li><li>Rnjak-Kovacina, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tailoring+the+porosity+and+pore+size+of+electrospun+synthetic+human+elastin+scaffolds+for+dermal+tissue+engineering.">Tailoring the porosity and pore size of electrospun synthetic human elastin scaffolds for dermal tissue engineering.</a> Biomaterials. 32 (28), 6729-6736 (2011).</li><li>Wang, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+thick+fibers+and+large+pores+of+electrospun+poly(epsilon-caprolactone)+vascular+grafts+on+macrophage+polarization+and+arterial+regeneration.">The effect of thick fibers and large pores of electrospun poly(epsilon-caprolactone) vascular grafts on macrophage polarization and arterial regeneration.</a> Biomaterials. 35 (22), 5700-5710 (2014).</li><li>Hutcheson, J. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genesis+and+growth+of+extracellular-vesicle-derived+microcalcification+in+atherosclerotic+plaques.">Genesis and growth of extracellular-vesicle-derived microcalcification in atherosclerotic plaques.</a> Nat Mater. 15 (3), 335-343 (2016).</li><li>Tara, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Well-organized+neointima+of+large-pore+poly(L-lactic+acid)+vascular+graft+coated+with+poly(L-lactic-co-epsilon-caprolactone)+prevents+calcific+deposition+compared+to+small-pore+electrospun+poly(L-lactic+acid)+graft+in+a+mouse+aortic+implantation+model.">Well-organized neointima of large-pore poly(L-lactic acid) vascular graft coated with poly(L-lactic-co-epsilon-caprolactone) prevents calcific deposition compared to small-pore electrospun poly(L-lactic acid) graft in a mouse aortic implantation model.</a> Atherosclerosis. 237 (2), 684-691 (2014).</li></ol>

Celle infiltration er kritisk for regenerering og remodellering af vaskulære graft i vivo16. Begrænset celle infiltration er ofte relateret til de relativt små porer af graften, der forhindrer migration af celler ind i graft væggen. For at løse denne vanskelighed, udviklede vi en modificeret metode for at forberede electrospun PCL vaskulære podninger med store pore struktur. Detaljeret øget porestørrelse med forhøjelsen af fiber tykkelse, der let kunne styres ved forarbejdning pa...

Vaskulære grafts fremstillet af syntetiske polymerer udnyttes bredt i klinikken til behandling af hjerte-kar-sygdomme (lidelser). Desværre for lille diameter vaskulære podninger (D < 6 mm) der findes ingen succesfulde produkter på grund af den lave passage udløst af nedsat blod flow hastighed, hvilket ofte fører til trombose, intima hyperplasi og andre komplikationer1.
Vævsmanipulering giver en alternativ strategi til at realisere langsigtede passage og homøostase baseret på et stillads-styrede vaskulære regenerering og genopbygning. Detaljeret, vaskulære graften som en tre-dimensionel skabelon, kunne give mekanisk støtte og strukturelle vejledning under regenerering af karvæv og indflydelse cellulære funktioner, herunder celle vedhæftning, migration, spredning, og sekretion af ekstracellulære matrix2. Indtil nu er blevet evalueret forskellige syntetiske polymerer til applikationer i karvæv engineering. Blandt disse polymerer, har poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) været intensivt undersøgt på grund af god celle forenelighed og langsom nedbrydning spænder fra flere måneder til to år3. I en rotte aorta model4,5,6, PCL vaskulære grafts behandles af electrospinning udstillet fremragende strukturelle integritet og passage, så godt som løbende øget celle invasion og neovascularization i den pode væg i op til 6 måneder. Men negative væv remodellering, herunder regression af celler og kapillærer og forkalkning, blev også observeret ved længere timepoints, op til 18 måneder.
Cellularization af vaskulære podekvisten er en nøglefaktor bestemmelse vævsregeneration og remolding7. Electrospinning, har som en alsidig teknik, været bredt ansat i udarbejdelsen af vaskulære podninger med nano-fiber struktur8. Desværre, den relativt lille pore struktur ofte fører til utilstrækkelig celle infiltration i electrospun vaskulære graft, som begrænser den efterfølgende vævsregeneration. Du kan lÃ¸se dette problem ved har forskellige teknikker været forsøgt at øge porestørrelse og samlet porøsitet, herunder salt/polymer udvaskning9,10, ændring af collector apparater, efterbehandling af laserstråling11 , osv. Faktisk, er strukturen af electrospun grafts (herunder fiber diameter, porestørrelse og porøsitet) nært beslægtet med forarbejdning betingelser12,13. Under electrospinning, kan fiber diameteren styres let ved at ændre parametrene, såsom koncentrationen af polymer løsning, strømningshastighed, spænding, osv. 14 , 15, og derfor porestørrelse og porøsitet er blevet forbedret i overensstemmelse hermed.
Vi har for nylig rapporteret en modificeret PCL electrospun graft med kombineret makroporøs struktur (fibre med diameter på 5-7 µm og porerne i 30-40 µm). In vivo implantation af erstatter rotte abdominale aorta viste høj sats af passage, samt god endothelialization og glatte muskler regeneration på 3 måneder efter operationen16. Endnu vigtigere, kunne ingen negative væv remodellering herunder forkalkning og celle regression konstateres selv efter et år af implantation.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly(&#949;-caprolactone) (PCL) pellets (Mn=80,000)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>704067</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol</td>
			<td>Tianjin Chemical Reagent Company</td>
			<td>1060</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcohol</td>
			<td>Tianjin Chemical Reagent Company</td>
			<td>1083</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloroform</td>
			<td>Tianjin Chemical Reagent Company</td>
			<td>A1007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sucrose</td>
			<td>Tianjin Fengchuan Company</td>
			<td>2296</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>A16046</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sprague Dawley rats</td>
			<td>Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal saline</td>
			<td>Hebei Tiancheng Pharmaceutical company</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloral hydrate</td>
			<td>Tianjin Ruijinte chemical company</td>
			<td>2223</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin sodium Injection</td>
			<td>Tianjin Biochem Pharmaceutical company</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gentamycin Sulfate Injection</td>
			<td>Jiangsu Lianshui Pharmaceutical company</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti-&#945;-SMA primary antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab7817</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti-smooth MYH primary antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab683</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit polyclonal anti-rat elastin antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab23748</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit anti-von Willebrand factor primary antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab6994</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-mouse IgG (Alexa Fluor 488)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>ab150117</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor 488)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>ab150077</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5% normal goat serum</td>
			<td>Zhongshan Golden bridge</td>
			<td>ZLI9022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hematoxylin and eosin (H&#38;E)</td>
			<td>Beijing leagene biotech</td>
			<td>DH0006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Masson&#39;s trichrome</td>
			<td>Beijing leagene biotech</td>
			<td>DC0032</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Verhoeff-van Gieson (VVG)</td>
			<td>Beijing leagene biotech</td>
			<td>DC0059</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Von Kossa</td>
			<td>Beijing leagene biotech</td>
			<td>DS0003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical sutures needles with thread,3-0 silk</td>
			<td>Shanghai Jinhuan medical supplies company</td>
			<td>G3002b</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical sutures needles with thread,9-0 silk</td>
			<td>Shanghai Jinhuan medical supplies company</td>
			<td>H901</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

implantation of electrospun vascular grafts with optimized structure in a rat model

Vi præsenterer her, en protokol til at fabrikere kombineret makroporøs PCL vaskulære graft og beskrive en evaluering protokollen ved hjælp af en rotte model af abdominale aorta udskiftning. Electrospun vaskulære grafts besidder ofte forholdsvis små porer, som begrænser celle perkolatnedsivning i podninger og hindre regenerering og remodellering af neo-arterier. I denne undersøgelse, blev PCL vaskulære podninger med tykkere fibre (5-6 µm) og større porer (~ 30 µm) fremstillet ved hjælp af en modificeret behandling teknik. De langsigtede resultater af graften blev evalueret af implantation i en rotte abdominale aorta model. Ultralyd analyse viste, at podninger forblev patent uden aneurisme eller stenose sker selv efter 12 måneder efter implantation. Kombineret makroporøs struktur forbedret celle indvækst og dermed fremmet væv regenereres på 3 måneder. Endnu vigtigere, var der ingen tegn på uønskede remodeling, såsom forkalkning i graft væggen efter 12 måneder. Derfor hold electrospun PCL vaskulære podninger med modificerede kombineret makroporøs behandling potentiale til at blive en arterie erstatning for langsigtet implantation.

PCL grafts var eksplanterede på 3 måneder og 12 måneder post-operatively og analyseret af histologiske standardteknikker for hæmatoxylin og eosin (H & E), Masson trichrome, Verhoeff-van Gieson (VVG), Von Kossa og immunfluorescens farvning for α-SMA, MYH, vWF og elastin. De histologiske billeder blev taget ved hjælp af en opretstående mikroskop, og immunfluorescens billeder blev taget ved hjælp af en ﬂuorescence mikroskop.
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Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Implantation of Electrospun Vascular Grafts with Optimized Structure in a Rat Model at JoVE.com

Implantation of Electrospun Vascular Grafts with Optimized Structure in a Rat Model

Implantation af Electrospun vaskulære Grafts med optimeret struktur i en rotte Model

Vi præsenterer her, en modificeret electrospinning metode til at fabrikere PCL vaskulære podninger med tykke fibre og store porer, og beskrive en protokol for at vurdere i vivo ydeevne i en rotte model af abdominale aorta udskiftning.

Here, we present a protocol to fabricate macroporous PCL vascular graft and describe an evaluation protocol by using a rat model of abdominal aorta ...

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