Name: the mplex protocol for multi-omic analyses of soil samples
Uploaded: 2018-05-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The MPLEx Protocol for Multi-omic Analyses of Soil Samples at JoVE.com

Forfatterne vil gjerne takke Nathan Johnson for hans hjelp forberede tallene. Denne forskningen ble støttet av Pan-omics programmet er finansiert av US Department of Energy's Office av biologiske og Environmental Research (Genomic vitenskap Program), Microbiomes i overgang (MinT) Laboratory regissert forskning utvikling Initiativ i Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, så vel som nasjonale institutter av helse National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01 ES022190) og NIH (P42 ES027704). KEBJ ønsker å takke R21 HD084788 for økonomisk støtte til utvikle og validere romanen multi-omic utvinning teknikker. Dette arbeidet ble utført i den W. R. Wiley miljømessige molekylær Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), en DOE nasjonale vitenskapelige bruker anlegg i Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL er et multi programmet nasjonale laboratorium drives av Battelle for DOE under kontrakten DE-AC06-76RL01830.

Merk: Veldig våt jord kan være lyofiliserte før ekstraksjon uten skade for effektiviteten av utvinning. Våt jord kan også brukes, men bør vurderes når du legger til reagenser i spesifikke formater.
Merk: Det anbefales å bruke 20 g tørr jord vekten per avstamning, som må deles mellom to 50 mL rør (maksimalt 10 g jord per 50 mL tube). Utdrag kan skaleres opp eller ned avhengig av tilgjengelige utvalget.
Merk: Tørr jord prøvene kan være soldet gjennom en ...

<ol>
	<li>Hultman, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multi-omics+of+permafrost,+active+layer+and+thermokarst+bog+soil+microbiomes.">Multi-omics of permafrost, active layer and thermokarst bog soil microbiomes.</a> Nature. 521, 208-212 (2015).</li><li>White, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Moleculo+long-read+sequencing+facilitates+assembly+and+genomic+binning+from+complex+soil+metagenomes.">Moleculo long-read sequencing facilitates assembly and genomic binning from complex soil metagenomes.</a> mSystems. 1, (2016).</li><li>White, R. A., Callister, S. J., Moore, R. J., Baker, E. S., Jansson, J. 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L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+fungus+gardens+of+leaf-cutter+ants+undergo+a+distinct+physiological+transition+during+biomass+degradation.">The fungus gardens of leaf-cutter ants undergo a distinct physiological transition during biomass degradation.</a> Environ Microbiol Rep. 6, 389-395 (2014).</li><li>Deatherage Kaiser, B. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Multi-Omic+View+of+Host-Pathogen-Commensal+Interplay+in+Salmonella-Mediated+Intestinal+Infection.">A Multi-Omic View of Host-Pathogen-Commensal Interplay in Salmonella-Mediated Intestinal Infection.</a> PLoS One. 8, e67155 (2013).</li><li>Kim, Y. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Salmonella+modulates+metabolism+during+growth+under+conditions+that+induce+expression+of+virulence+genes.">Salmonella modulates metabolism during growth under conditions that induce expression of virulence genes.</a> Mol Biosyst. 9, 1522-1534 (2013).</li><li>Ansong, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+multi-omic+systems+approach+to+elucidating+Yersinia+virulence+mechanisms.">A multi-omic systems approach to elucidating Yersinia virulence mechanisms.</a> Mol Biosyst. 9, 44-54 (2013).</li><li>Bordbar, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Model-driven+multi-omic+data+analysis+elucidates+metabolic+immunomodulators+of+macrophage+activation.">Model-driven multi-omic data analysis elucidates metabolic immunomodulators of macrophage activation.</a> Mol Syst Biol. 8, 558 (2012).</li><li>Hu, Z. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolomic+response+of+human+skin+tissue+to+low+dose+ionizing+radiation.">Metabolomic response of human skin tissue to low dose ionizing radiation.</a> Mol Biosyst. 8, 1979-1986 (2012).</li><li>Perera, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dengue+virus+infection+perturbs+lipid+homeostasis+in+infected+mosquito+cells.">Dengue virus infection perturbs lipid homeostasis in infected mosquito cells.</a> PLoS Pathog. 8, e1002584 (2012).</li><li>Gao, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+reversed-phase+capillary+ultra-performance+liquid+chromatography-mass+spectrometry+(UPLC-MS)+method+for+comprehensive+top-down/bottom-up+lipid+profiling.">A reversed-phase capillary ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method for comprehensive top-down/bottom-up lipid profiling.</a> Anal Bioanal Chem. 402, 2923-2933 (2012).</li><li>Sorensen, C. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perturbations+in+the+lipid+profile+of+individuals+with+newly+diagnosed+type+1+diabetes+mellitus:+Lipidomics+analysis+of+a+Diabetes+Antibody+Standardization+Program+sample+subset.">Perturbations in the lipid profile of individuals with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus: Lipidomics analysis of a Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program sample subset.</a> Clin Biochem. 43, 948-956 (2010).</li><li>Diamond, D. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temporal+proteome+and+lipidome+profiles+reveal+hepatitis+C+virus-associated+reprogramming+of+hepatocellular+metabolism+and+bioenergetics.">Temporal proteome and lipidome profiles reveal hepatitis C virus-associated reprogramming of hepatocellular metabolism and bioenergetics.</a> PLoS Pathog. 6, e1000719 (2010).</li><li>Alquier, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deletion+of+GPR40+impairs+glucose-induced+insulin+secretion+in+vivo+in+mice+without+affecting+intracellular+fuel+metabolism+in+islets.">Deletion of GPR40 impairs glucose-induced insulin secretion in vivo in mice without affecting intracellular fuel metabolism in islets.</a> Diabetes. 58, 2607-2615 (2009).</li><li>Ding, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+the+accurate+mass+and+time+tag+approach+in+studies+of+the+human+blood+lipidome.">Application of the accurate mass and time tag approach in studies of the human blood lipidome.</a> J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 871, 243-252 (2008).</li><li>Rasmussen, A. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systems+virology+identifies+a+mitochondrial+fatty+acid+oxidation+enzyme,+dodecenoyl+coenzyme+A+delta+isomerase,+required+for+hepatitis+C+virus+replication+and+likely+pathogenesis.">Systems virology identifies a mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation enzyme, dodecenoyl coenzyme A delta isomerase, required for hepatitis C virus replication and likely pathogenesis.</a> J Virol. 85, 11646-11654 (2011).</li><li>Manza, L. L., Stamer, S. L., Ham, A. J., Codreanu, S. G., Liebler, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sample+preparation+and+digestion+for+proteomic+analyses+using+spin+filters.">Sample preparation and digestion for proteomic analyses using spin filters.</a> Proteomics. 5, 1742-1745 (2005).</li><li>Wisniewski, J. R., Zougman, A., Nagaraj, N., Mann, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Universal+sample+preparation+method+for+proteome+analysis.">Universal sample preparation method for proteome analysis.</a> Nat Methods. 6, 359-362 (2009).</li><li>Zhou, J. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simple+sodium+dodecyl+sulfate-assisted+sample+preparation+method+for+LC-MS-based+proteomics+applications.">Simple sodium dodecyl sulfate-assisted sample preparation method for LC-MS-based proteomics applications.</a> Anal Chem. 84, 2862-2867 (2012).</li><li>Anderson, J. 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Det er viktig å merke seg at ikke alle laboratorier vil ha samme tilgjengelig utstyr så bestemte metoder, for eksempel lysis trinnet, kan tilpasses. Her bruker vi vortexing og sonicating, men bruk av en stor 50 mL perle beater ville fungere. Hvis en lyophilizer med en samler temperatur kan-105 ° C ikke er tilgjengelig, og deretter prøver kan tørkes under en nitrogen strøm. Også jordsmonn variere og kan inkludere sand, silt, leire, torv og leirjord (osv), og de kan også variere avhengig av pH, saltholdigh...

Evaluere jord mikrobielle samfunn har viktige implikasjoner for å forstå karbon sykling og klima endring. Nyere studier har imidlertid merket problemer, for eksempel mangel på sekvensert genomer for bakterieflora i ulike jord og ukjent funksjon mange av proteiner oppdaget. Disse utfordringene resultatet på grunn av jord blir mest komplekse mikrobiell samfunnet kjent hittil1,2,3. Multi-omic analyser, som kombinerer resultatene fra metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, metaproteomic, metabolomic og lipidomic studier, har nylig implementert i mange jord studier for å få større forståelse i mikrobene finnes, mens få omfattende informasjon om molekylære endringene som skjer på grunn av miljømessige forstyrrelser1,4,5. En utfordring med multi-omic studier er at massespektrometri (MS)-basert metaproteomic, metabolomic og lipidomic mål krever vanligvis en bestemt utpakkingen for hver omic skal MS kompatibel6,7 , 8 , 9. disse presis prosedyrer gjøre gjennomføringen svært vanskelig eller umulig når bare en begrenset mengde utvalg er tilgjengelig. Disse utfordringene har bedt oss å undersøke en samtidige metabolitten, protein og lipid utvinning (omfattende) metode kan bruke mindre utvalg volumer eller massene, forbedre nøyaktigheten og gi raskere utvalg forberedelser for alle tre analyser 10. dato det er ingen alternativ jord utvinning prosedyrer som kan oppnå alle disse målene.
Hvis du vil aktivere global multi-omic analyser av en enkelt jordprøve, var en organisk løsemiddel utvinning protokoll basert på kloroform, metanol og vann separasjoner utnyttet10. Denne metoden ble opprinnelig utviklet for totalt lipid utdrag9,11 og nylig endret for samtidig utvinning av metabolitter, proteiner og lipider fra en enkelt prøve12,13 ,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22, 23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30, slik at mindre utvalg antallet og eksperimentell variasjoner10. I den omfattende protokollen er kloroform ikke blandbar med vann, som danner grunnlaget for triphasic kjemisk separasjon av prøven bestanddeler i forskjellige fraksjoner. Den øverste vandige fasen inneholder derfor hydrofile metabolitter, etterfulgt av en protein-disk, og deretter et lipid lag i bunnen kloroform fase (figur 1). Når omfattende brukes på de fleste jord, partikler avfall akkumuleres på bunnen av prøvetaking rørene og kan bli forkastet etter at alle lagene er samlet. Hver jordtype kan være forskjellige, men, og svært organisk jord som torv, jord rusk opphold i midten laget og ikke faller til bunnen av prøvetaking røret. Omfattende gir flere fordeler når isolere flere molekyl skriver fra samme eksempel som 1) mindre utvalg mengder kan brukes for multi-omic analyser, 2) multi-omic utdrag fra samme eksempel nedgangen samlet eksperimentelle variasjon, og 3) større antall prøver kan tilberedes mye raskere for høyere gjennomstrømming studier10. Sammen disse fordelene er avgjørende for å gi bedre måling evner for å vurdere jordprøver og deres komplekse mikrobielle samfunn.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloroform</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>650498</td>
			<td>Stored at -20&#176;C !Caution chloroform has acute potential health effects, skin irritation and possible chemical burns, irritation to the respiratory system, may affect the kidneys, liver, heart. Wear suitable protective glasses, clothing and gloves, work in a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>34860</td>
			<td>Stored at -20&#176;C !Caution Methanol may cause respiratory tract, skin and eye irritation, may damage the nerves, kidneys and liver. Wear suitable protective glasses, clothing and gloves, work in a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Purified water from Millipore</td>
			<td>Milli-Q</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Water purification system.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium dodecyl sulfate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L6026</td>
			<td>!Caution SDS causes acute toxicity and is flammable. It is a skin, eye and airway irritant. Wear gloves and safety glasses.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Soil protein extraction kit</td>
			<td>MoBio, NoviPure Soil Protein Extraction Kit, Qiagen</td>
			<td>30000-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DL-dithiothreitol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>43815</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1M Trizma HCL</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T2694</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trichloroacetic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T0699</td>
			<td>!Caution TCA is caustic, toxic and may cause skin burns. Wear gloves and safety glasses.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>650501</td>
			<td>Stored at -20&#176;C !Caution Acetone may cause respiratory tract and skin and eye irritation. Flammable liquid and vapor. Wear safety glasses gloves and a lab coat, work in a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Urea</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>208884</td>
			<td>!Caution Urea is an eye and skin irritant, use gloves and safety glasses</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Fluka</td>
			<td>09830</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>V528A</td>
			<td>20&#181;g vials</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit</td>
			<td>Pierce</td>
			<td>23227</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium Formate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>09735</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetonitrile</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>34998</td>
			<td>!Caution Acetonitrile is a skin and eye irritant. Highly flammable. Wear gloves and safety glasses. Work in a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trifluoroacetic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T6508</td>
			<td>!Caution TFA is extremely hazardous in case of skin contact, eye contact, ingestion and inhalation. May produce tissue damage particularly on mucous membranes of eyes, mouth and respiratory tract. Skin contact may produce burns. Wear gloves, lab coat, safety glasses and work in a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methoxyamine hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>226904</td>
			<td>!Caution Methoxyamine hydrochloride causes severe burns and serious damage to eyes, may cause sensitization by skin contact. Wear safety glasses, gloves and lab coat, work in a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pyridine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>270970</td>
			<td>!Caution Pyridine can cause skin and eye irritation, central nervous system depression. Vapor may cause flash fire. Wear safety glasses, gloves and lab coat, work in a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with 1% trimethylchlorosilane</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>69478</td>
			<td>!Caution MSTFA + 1% TMCS can cause skin corrosion, serious eye damage and specific target organ toxicity. Flammable liquid and vapor. Wear safety glasses, gloves and lab coat, work in a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P9541</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Milli-Q water purification system</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>model MPGP04001</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vortex</td>
			<td>Scientific Industries</td>
			<td>SI-0236</td>
			<td>Vortex Genie 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Probe sonicator</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>model FB505</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Refrigerated centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>model 5810R</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50mL tube swinging bucket rotor</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>A-4-44</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50mL fixed angle rotor</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>FA-45-6-30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Balance</td>
			<td>OHAUS</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>model V22PWE150IT</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Serological pipette controller</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>12-654-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10mL, 25mL glass serological pipettes</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>13-678-27F, 13-678-36D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermomixer with Thermotop</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5382000015, 5308000003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.9 &#8211; 2.0 mm blend stainless steel beads</td>
			<td>NextAdvance</td>
			<td>SSB14B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.15 mm garnet beads</td>
			<td>MoBio</td>
			<td>13122-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic stir plate</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>11-100-16SH</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic stir bar</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>14512130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pH paper strips, pH range 0&#8211;14</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>M95903</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15mL, 50mL conical polypropylene centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>21-103 21-108</td>
			<td>chloroform compatible</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50mL vortex attachment</td>
			<td>MoBio</td>
			<td>13000-V1-50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ice bucket</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>02-591-44</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>27.25x70mm glass vials</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>03-339-22K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Breathe Easier plate membranes</td>
			<td>Midwest Scientific</td>
			<td>BERM-2000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcohol wipes</td>
			<td>Diversified Biotech</td>
			<td>BPWP-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heater shaker incubator</td>
			<td>Benchmark, Incu-Shaker Mini</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Analog rotisserie tube rotator</td>
			<td>SoCal BioMed, LLC</td>
			<td>82422001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filter-Aided-Sample-Prep kit</td>
			<td>FASP; Expedeon</td>
			<td>44250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microplate reader</td>
			<td>Biotek, EPOCH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>-20 Degree Celsius Freezer</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>13986149</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>-80 Degree Celsius Freezer</td>
			<td>Stirling Ultracold</td>
			<td>SU78OUE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Q-Exactive ion trap mass spectrometer</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agilent 7890A gas chromatograph coupled with a single quadrupole 5975C mass spectrometer</td>
			<td>Agilent Technologies, Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LTQ-Orbitrap Velo</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Waters NanoEquityTM UPLC system</td>
			<td>Millford, MA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>250mL media bottle</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>1395-250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Waters vial</td>
			<td>Waters</td>
			<td>186002805</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass MS sample vial and inserts</td>
			<td>MicroSolv</td>
			<td>9502S-WCV, 9502S-02ND</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass HPLC vial and snap caps</td>
			<td>MicroSolv</td>
			<td>9512C-0DCV, 9502C-10C-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HPLC 96-well plate</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>5042-6454</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Large glass vial 27.25x70mm</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>03-339-22K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lyophilizer</td>
			<td>Labconco</td>
			<td>7934021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polished stainless steel flat head spatula</td>
			<td>Spoonula; FisherBrand</td>
			<td>14-375-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kim wipes</td>
			<td>Kimberly-Clark</td>
			<td>34721</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>XBridge C18, 250x4.6 mm, 5 &#956;M with 4.6x20 mm guard column</td>
			<td>Waters</td>
			<td>186003117, 186003064</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agilent 1100 series HPLC system</td>
			<td>Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td>G1380-90000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.7mL centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Sorenson</td>
			<td>11700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hamilton Glass Syringes, 5mL, 50&#181;L and 250&#181;L</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>81517, 80975, 81175</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pasteur Pipettes</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>13-678-20A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pasteur Pipette Bulbs</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z111597</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bath Sonicator</td>
			<td>Branson 1800 Ultrasonic Cleaner</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum Centrifuge</td>
			<td colspan="2">Labconco Centrivap Acid-Resistant Concentrator System</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MicroSpin Columns, C18 Silica</td>
			<td>The Nest Group</td>
			<td>SEM SS18V</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the mplex protocol for multi-omic analyses of soil samples

Massespektrometri (MS)-basert integrert metaproteomic, metabolomic og lipidomic (multi-omic) studier transformerer vår evne til å forstå og karakterisere mikrobielle samfunn i miljø og biologiske systemer. Disse målingene er selv muliggjør forbedret analyser av komplekse jord mikrobiell samfunn, som er de mest komplekse mikrobiell systemer kjent ennå. Multi-omic analyser, men har prøven forberedelse utfordringer, siden separat utdrag kreves vanligvis for hver omic studien, og dermed sterkt forsterke Forberedelsestid og mengde eksempel kreves. For å løse denne begrensningen, ble en 3-i-1-metoden for samtidig utvinning av metabolitter, proteiner og lipider (omfattende) fra den samme jordprøve opprettet ved å tilpasse en løsemiddelbasert tilnærming. Denne omfattende protokollen har vist seg for å være både enkel og robust for mange eksempel typer, selv når benyttes for begrensede mengder av komplekse jordprøver. Metoden omfattende aktivert også sterkt rask multi-omic målinger for å få en bedre forståelse av hvert mikrobielle samfunn, under evaluering av endringene som skjer på biologisk og miljømessig forstyrrelser.

Når omfattende protokollen ble brukt til å hente molekyler fra Kansas innfødt prairie jord (en Mollisol jord), gitt tre eksemplarer analysene resultater for 3376 peptider, 105 lipider og 102 polar metabolitter (alle unike identifikasjoner). Mens omfattende protokollen er blitt godt etablert for generelle utvinning av lipider og metabolitter12,13,14,15,</...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The MPLEx Protocol for Multi-omic Analyses of Soil Samples at JoVE.com

The MPLEx Protocol for Multi-omic Analyses of Soil Samples

En protokoll er presentert for samtidig trekke metabolitter, proteiner og lipider fra en enkelt jordprøve, slik at redusert eksempel Klargjøringstiden og aktivere multi-omic massespektrometri analyser av prøver med begrensede mengder.

Omfattende protokoll for Multi-omic analyser av jordprøver

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based integrated metaproteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic (multi-omic) studies are transforming our ability to understand and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Transport of Surface-modified Carbon Nanotubes through a Soil Column

Transport av Surface-modifisert karbonnanorør gjennom en Soil kolonne

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely manufactured nanoparticles, which are being utilized in a number of consumer products, such as sporting goods, ...

A Direct, Early Stage Guanidinylation Protocol for the Synthesis of Complex Aminoguanidine-containing Natural Products

En direkte, Early Stage Guanidinylation protokoll for syntese av komplekse aminoguanidin holdig Natural Products

The guanidine functional group, displayed most prominently in the amino acid arginine, one of the fundamental building blocks of life, is an important ...

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Protokoll for syntese av<em&gt; Ortho</em&gt; -trifluoromethoxylated anilinderivater

Molecules bearing trifluoromethoxy (OCF3) group often show desired pharmacological and biological properties. However, facile synthesis of ...

A Protocol for the Production of Gliadin-cyanoacrylate Nanoparticles for Hydrophilic Coating

En protokoll for produksjon av Gliadin-cyanoakrylat Nanopartikler for hydrofile belegget

This article presents a protocol for the production of protein-based nanoparticles that changes the hydrophobic surface to hydrophilic by a simple spray ...

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes

En enkel og effektiv protokoll for katalytisk Insertion Polymerisering av funksjonelle norbornener

Norbornene can be polymerized by a variety of mechanisms, including insertion polymerization whereby the double bond is polymerized and the bicyclic ...

A Protocol for Safe Lithiation Reactions Using Organolithium Reagents

En protokoll for sikker litium Reaksjoner Bruke organolitiumreagenser

Organolithium reagents are powerful tools in the synthetic chemist&#39;s toolbox. However, the extreme pyrophoric nature of the most reactive reagents ...

An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group

An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group

En optimalisert Protokoll for effektiv Radiomerking av gull nanopartikler ved hjelp av en<sup&gt; 125</sup&gt; I-merket Azid Prosthetic Gruppe

Here, we demonstrate a detailed protocol for the radiosynthesis of a 125I-labeled azide prosthetic group and its application to the efficient ...

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles (PPAs) and Related Biomaterials

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials

Lettvinte protokollen for syntese av selv monterer polyamin-baserte peptid Amphiphiles (PPAs) og relaterte biologisk materiale

Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles (PPAs) are a new class of self-assembling amphiphilic biomaterials-related to the peptide amphiphiles (PAs). ...

Automation of a Positron-emission Tomography (PET) Radiotracer Synthesis Protocol for Clinical Production

Automation of a Positron-emission Tomography PET Radiotracer Synthesis Protocol for Clinical Production

Automatisering av en fantes et Positron-utslipp tomografi (PET) Radiotracer syntese protokoll for klinisk produksjon

The development of new positron-emission tomography (PET) tracers is enabling researchers and clinicians to image an increasingly wide array of biological ...

Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution  X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Biologiske prøver Forberedelse for spesiering ved kryogen temperatur ved bruk av høyoppløselig røntgenabsorpsjonsspektroskopi

The study of elements with X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is of particular interest when studying the role of metals in biological systems. Sample ...