Name: the mplex protocol for multi-omic analyses of soil samples
Uploaded: 2018-05-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The MPLEx Protocol for Multi-omic Analyses of Soil Samples at JoVE.com

Yazarlar Nathan Johnson rakamlar hazırlarken onun yardım için teşekkür etmek istiyorum. Bu araştırma ABD Enerji Bakanlığı'nın Office biyolojik ve çevresel araştırma (genom bilim programı), Microbiomes geçiş (nane) laboratuvar yönelik araştırma geliştirme tarafından finanse Pan-omics Program tarafından desteklenmiştir Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, hem de ulusal kurumları, Sağlık Ulusal Çevre Sağlık Bilimler Enstitüsü (R01 ES022190) girişimi ve NIH (P42 ES027704). KEBJ R21 HD084788 geliştirmek ve yeni multi-omic ayıklama teknikleri doğrulamak finansal destek için teşekkür etmek istiyorum. Bu eser içinde W. R. Wiley çevre moleküler Bilimleri Laboratuvarı (EMSL), DOE Ulusal bilimsel Kullanıcı olanağı Pacific Northwest Ulusal Laboratuvarı (PNNL) adlı gerçekleştirildi. PNNL için sözleşme DE-AC06-76RL01830 altında DOE Battelle tarafından işletilen bir çok program Ulusal laboratuvardır.

Not: Çok ıslak toprak çıkarma çıkarma önce zarar vermeden etkinliği için liyofilize. Islak toprak da kullanılabilir ancak reaktifler belirli oranlarıyla eklerken düşünülmelidir.
Not: Bu iki 50 mL tüpler (en fazla 50 mL tüp başına 10 g toprak) arasındaki ayırmalısınız ayıklama başına kuru toprak ağırlığının 20 g kullanmak için tavsiye edilir. Çekimi bağlıdır kullanılabilir örnek aşağı ve yukarı ölçeklendirilebilir.
Not: K...

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Belirli yöntemleri, örneğin lizis adım, adapte edilebilir böylece tüm laboratuvarlar aynı kullanılabilir donanım olduğunu unutmamak gerekir. Burada kullanıyoruz vortexing ve sonicating, ancak bir büyük 50 mL boncuk çırpıcı kullanımı işe yarar. Bir toplayıcı sıcaklığı-105 ° C yetenekli bir lyophilizer yoksa, o zaman örnekleri bir azot akış altında kurutulmuş. Ayrıca toprak türleri çok çeşitli ve kum, silt, kil, torf ve kerpiç (vb) içerebilir ve onlar da pH, tuzluluk ve organ...

Toprak mikrobiyal toplulukları değerlendirirken karbon Bisiklete binme ve iklim değişikliği anlamak için önemli sonuçları vardır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda ancak microbiota çeşitli toprak tipleri için sıralı genleri eksikliği ve birçok tespit proteinlerin bilinmeyen fonksiyon gibi zorluklar sermiştir. Bu zorluklar sonucu1,2,3bugüne kadar bilinen en karmaşık mikrobiyal topluluk olmak toprak nedeniyle. Birleştirme sonuçları metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, metaproteomic, metabolomic ve lipidomic çalışmaları, Multi-omic analizleri, son zamanlarda içine mikropların mevcut ise daha büyük bir anlayış kazanmak için çok sayıda toprak çalışmalarda hayata geçirdik çevre tedirginlikler1,4,5nedeniyle gerçekleşen moleküler değişiklikler hakkında kapsamlı bilgi edinme. Multi-omic çalışmaları ile bir meydan okuma kütle spektrometresi (MS) olduğunu-tabanlı metaproteomic, metabolomic ve lipidomic ölçümleri genellikle MS uyumlu6,7 olmak her omic için bir özel ayıklama işlemi gerektirir , 8 , 9. sınırlı bir miktar örneği yalnızca kesin bu yordamları bunların uygulanması çok güç veya imkansız ne zaman yapmak. Bu sorunlar bize bir eşzamanlı metaboliti, protein ve lipit ayıklama (karmaşık) yöntemi daha küçük örnek birimleri veya kitleler kullanarak, doğruluğu artırma ve daha hızlı örnek hazırlıklar tüm üç analizleri için sağlama yeteneğine sahip araştırmak için isteniyor 10. bugüne kadar tüm bu gol elde edebilirsiniz hiçbir alternatif toprak ayıklama yordamlar vardır.
Küresel multi-omic analizleri tek toprak örneği etkinleştirmek için kloroform, metanol ve su ayrımları dayalı bir organik solvent ekstraksiyon protokolü kullanıldığında10yaşındaydım. Bu yöntem was orijinal gelişmiş toplam lipid çekimi9,11 ve son zamanlarda bir tek örnek12,13 metabolitleri, proteinler ve yağlar ekstraksiyon eşzamanlı değiştirilmiştir ,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22, daha az örnek miktar etkinleştirme 23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30, ve Deneysel değişkenlik10. Karmaşık iletişim kuralında kloroform örnek bileşenlerinin trifazik kimyasal ayırma içine ayrı kesirler için temel sağlar su ile karışan değil. En iyi sulu faz bu nedenle alt kloroform aşamasında (Şekil 1) ardından bir protein disk ve sonra bir lipit katmanı hidrofilik metabolitleri içerir. Karmaşık çoğu topraklar için uygulandığında, partikül enkaz örnekleme tüpler çok altında birikir ve tüm katmanları toplandıktan sonra iptal edilecek. Her toprak tipi-ebilmek var olmak farklı, ancak ve torf gibi son derece organik toprak, toprak enkaz Orta katmanda kalır ve örnekleme tüp altına girmemektedir. Karmaşık sağlar çeşitli yararları 1) küçük örnek miktarlarda multi-omic analizleri, aynı örnek azalma gelen 2) multi-omic çekimi için kullanılan gibi birden fazla molekül yalıtma aynı örnekten yazdığında genel olarak deneysel değişkenliği, ve 3) daha fazla sayıda örnekleri çok daha hızlı daha yüksek üretilen iş çalışmalar10için hazır olun. Birlikte bu faydalar toprak örnekleri ve karmaşık mikrobiyal topluluklar değerlendirmek için daha iyi ölçüm yeteneği sağlamak için hayati önem taşımaktadır.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloroform</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>650498</td>
			<td>Stored at -20&#176;C !Caution chloroform has acute potential health effects, skin irritation and possible chemical burns, irritation to the respiratory system, may affect the kidneys, liver, heart. Wear suitable protective glasses, clothing and gloves, work in a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>34860</td>
			<td>Stored at -20&#176;C !Caution Methanol may cause respiratory tract, skin and eye irritation, may damage the nerves, kidneys and liver. Wear suitable protective glasses, clothing and gloves, work in a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Purified water from Millipore</td>
			<td>Milli-Q</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Water purification system.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium dodecyl sulfate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L6026</td>
			<td>!Caution SDS causes acute toxicity and is flammable. It is a skin, eye and airway irritant. Wear gloves and safety glasses.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Soil protein extraction kit</td>
			<td>MoBio, NoviPure Soil Protein Extraction Kit, Qiagen</td>
			<td>30000-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DL-dithiothreitol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>43815</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1M Trizma HCL</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T2694</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trichloroacetic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T0699</td>
			<td>!Caution TCA is caustic, toxic and may cause skin burns. Wear gloves and safety glasses.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>650501</td>
			<td>Stored at -20&#176;C !Caution Acetone may cause respiratory tract and skin and eye irritation. Flammable liquid and vapor. Wear safety glasses gloves and a lab coat, work in a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Urea</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>208884</td>
			<td>!Caution Urea is an eye and skin irritant, use gloves and safety glasses</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Fluka</td>
			<td>09830</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>V528A</td>
			<td>20&#181;g vials</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit</td>
			<td>Pierce</td>
			<td>23227</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium Formate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>09735</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetonitrile</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>34998</td>
			<td>!Caution Acetonitrile is a skin and eye irritant. Highly flammable. Wear gloves and safety glasses. Work in a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trifluoroacetic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T6508</td>
			<td>!Caution TFA is extremely hazardous in case of skin contact, eye contact, ingestion and inhalation. May produce tissue damage particularly on mucous membranes of eyes, mouth and respiratory tract. Skin contact may produce burns. Wear gloves, lab coat, safety glasses and work in a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methoxyamine hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>226904</td>
			<td>!Caution Methoxyamine hydrochloride causes severe burns and serious damage to eyes, may cause sensitization by skin contact. Wear safety glasses, gloves and lab coat, work in a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pyridine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>270970</td>
			<td>!Caution Pyridine can cause skin and eye irritation, central nervous system depression. Vapor may cause flash fire. Wear safety glasses, gloves and lab coat, work in a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with 1% trimethylchlorosilane</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>69478</td>
			<td>!Caution MSTFA + 1% TMCS can cause skin corrosion, serious eye damage and specific target organ toxicity. Flammable liquid and vapor. Wear safety glasses, gloves and lab coat, work in a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P9541</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Milli-Q water purification system</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>model MPGP04001</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vortex</td>
			<td>Scientific Industries</td>
			<td>SI-0236</td>
			<td>Vortex Genie 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Probe sonicator</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>model FB505</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Refrigerated centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>model 5810R</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50mL tube swinging bucket rotor</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>A-4-44</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50mL fixed angle rotor</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>FA-45-6-30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Balance</td>
			<td>OHAUS</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>model V22PWE150IT</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Serological pipette controller</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>12-654-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10mL, 25mL glass serological pipettes</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>13-678-27F, 13-678-36D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermomixer with Thermotop</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5382000015, 5308000003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.9 &#8211; 2.0 mm blend stainless steel beads</td>
			<td>NextAdvance</td>
			<td>SSB14B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.15 mm garnet beads</td>
			<td>MoBio</td>
			<td>13122-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic stir plate</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>11-100-16SH</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic stir bar</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>14512130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pH paper strips, pH range 0&#8211;14</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>M95903</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15mL, 50mL conical polypropylene centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>21-103 21-108</td>
			<td>chloroform compatible</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50mL vortex attachment</td>
			<td>MoBio</td>
			<td>13000-V1-50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ice bucket</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>02-591-44</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>27.25x70mm glass vials</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>03-339-22K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Breathe Easier plate membranes</td>
			<td>Midwest Scientific</td>
			<td>BERM-2000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcohol wipes</td>
			<td>Diversified Biotech</td>
			<td>BPWP-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heater shaker incubator</td>
			<td>Benchmark, Incu-Shaker Mini</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Analog rotisserie tube rotator</td>
			<td>SoCal BioMed, LLC</td>
			<td>82422001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filter-Aided-Sample-Prep kit</td>
			<td>FASP; Expedeon</td>
			<td>44250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microplate reader</td>
			<td>Biotek, EPOCH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>-20 Degree Celsius Freezer</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>13986149</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>-80 Degree Celsius Freezer</td>
			<td>Stirling Ultracold</td>
			<td>SU78OUE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Q-Exactive ion trap mass spectrometer</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agilent 7890A gas chromatograph coupled with a single quadrupole 5975C mass spectrometer</td>
			<td>Agilent Technologies, Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LTQ-Orbitrap Velo</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Waters NanoEquityTM UPLC system</td>
			<td>Millford, MA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>250mL media bottle</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>1395-250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Waters vial</td>
			<td>Waters</td>
			<td>186002805</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass MS sample vial and inserts</td>
			<td>MicroSolv</td>
			<td>9502S-WCV, 9502S-02ND</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass HPLC vial and snap caps</td>
			<td>MicroSolv</td>
			<td>9512C-0DCV, 9502C-10C-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HPLC 96-well plate</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>5042-6454</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Large glass vial 27.25x70mm</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>03-339-22K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lyophilizer</td>
			<td>Labconco</td>
			<td>7934021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polished stainless steel flat head spatula</td>
			<td>Spoonula; FisherBrand</td>
			<td>14-375-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kim wipes</td>
			<td>Kimberly-Clark</td>
			<td>34721</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>XBridge C18, 250x4.6 mm, 5 &#956;M with 4.6x20 mm guard column</td>
			<td>Waters</td>
			<td>186003117, 186003064</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agilent 1100 series HPLC system</td>
			<td>Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td>G1380-90000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.7mL centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Sorenson</td>
			<td>11700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hamilton Glass Syringes, 5mL, 50&#181;L and 250&#181;L</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>81517, 80975, 81175</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pasteur Pipettes</td>
			<td>FisherBrand</td>
			<td>13-678-20A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pasteur Pipette Bulbs</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z111597</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bath Sonicator</td>
			<td>Branson 1800 Ultrasonic Cleaner</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum Centrifuge</td>
			<td colspan="2">Labconco Centrivap Acid-Resistant Concentrator System</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MicroSpin Columns, C18 Silica</td>
			<td>The Nest Group</td>
			<td>SEM SS18V</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the mplex protocol for multi-omic analyses of soil samples

Kütle spektrometresi (MS)-tabanlı entegre metaproteomic, metabolomic ve lipidomic (multi-omic) çalışmaları bizim yetenek anlamak ve mikrobiyal topluluklar çevre ve biyolojik sistemleri karakterize dönüştürme. Bu ölçümler bile en karmaşık toprak mikrobiyal topluluklar, gelişmiş analizler etkinleştiriyorsanız bugüne kadar bilinen karmaşık mikrobiyal sistemleri. Ayrı çekimi genellikle gerekli örnek miktarı ve hazırlık zamanı böylece önemli ölçüde yükseltecek her omic çalışması için gerekli olan bu yana Multi-omic analizleri, ancak, örnek hazırlama zorluklar vardır. Bu sınırlama adrese, 3'ü 1 metodu metabolitleri, proteinler ve yağlar (karmaşık) eşzamanlı çekme--dan aynı toprak örneği için solvent bazli bir yaklaşım adapte tarafından oluşturulur. Bu karmaşık iletişim kuralı ne zaman bile sınırlı miktarlarda karmaşık toprak örnekleri için kullanılan basit ve pek çok örnek türü, sağlam olduğu ispatlanmıştır. Karmaşık yöntem da büyük ölçüde daha iyi bir mikrobiyal her topluluk üyeleri biyolojik ve çevresel tedirginlikler üzerine gerçekleşen değişiklikleri değerlendirme sırasında anlayış kazanmak için gerekli hızlı multi-omic ölçümleri etkin.

Molekülleri Kansas yerel kır topraktan (Mollisol toprak) ayıklamak için karmaşık iletişim kuralı kullanıldığında, ineklemek analizleri sonuçları 3376 peptidler, 105 lipidler ve 102 kutup metabolitleri (tüm benzersiz kimlikleri) için sağlanan. Süre karmaşık iletişim kuralı lipidler ve metabolitleri12,13,14,15,16<...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The MPLEx Protocol for Multi-omic Analyses of Soil Samples at JoVE.com

The MPLEx Protocol for Multi-omic Analyses of Soil Samples

Bir iletişim kuralı aynı anda metabolitleri, proteinler ve yağlar bir tek toprak örneğinden ayıklanması, azaltılmış örnek hazırlama kez izin ve multi-omic kütle spektrometresi analizleri ile sınırlı miktarda örnekleri etkinleştirme için sunulmaktadır.

Toprak örnekleri Multi-omic analizleri için karmaşık iletişim kuralı

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based integrated metaproteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic (multi-omic) studies are transforming our ability to understand and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Transport of Surface-modified Carbon Nanotubes through a Soil Column

Bir Toprak Kolonundaki Yüzey modifiye Karbon Nanotüpler taşınması

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely manufactured nanoparticles, which are being utilized in a number of consumer products, such as sporting goods, ...

A Direct, Early Stage Guanidinylation Protocol for the Synthesis of Complex Aminoguanidine-containing Natural Products

Karmaşık Aminoguanidine içeren Doğal Ürünler Sentezi için bir Direct, Erken Evre Guanidinylation Protokolü

The guanidine functional group, displayed most prominently in the amino acid arginine, one of the fundamental building blocks of life, is an important ...

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Sentezi İçin Protokol<em&gt; Ortho</em&gt; -trifluoromethoxylated Anilin türevleri

Molecules bearing trifluoromethoxy (OCF3) group often show desired pharmacological and biological properties. However, facile synthesis of ...

A Protocol for the Production of Gliadin-cyanoacrylate Nanoparticles for Hydrophilic Coating

Hidrofilik Kaplama için Gliadin-siyanoakrilat Nanopartiküller Üretimi için Protokol

This article presents a protocol for the production of protein-based nanoparticles that changes the hydrophobic surface to hydrophilic by a simple spray ...

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes

Fonksiyonel norbornenler Katalitik Yerleştirme Polimerizasyon için Basit ve Etkin Protokol

Norbornene can be polymerized by a variety of mechanisms, including insertion polymerization whereby the double bond is polymerized and the bicyclic ...

A Protocol for Safe Lithiation Reactions Using Organolithium Reagents

Organolityum Reaktifleri kullanarak Güvenli litiasyon Reaksiyonlar için Protokol

Organolithium reagents are powerful tools in the synthetic chemist&#39;s toolbox. However, the extreme pyrophoric nature of the most reactive reagents ...

An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group

An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group

Bir Kullanarak Altın Nanopartiküller Verimli Radyoaktif bir Optimize Protokolü<sup&gt; 125</sup&gt; I-etiketli Azid Protez Grubu

Here, we demonstrate a detailed protocol for the radiosynthesis of a 125I-labeled azide prosthetic group and its application to the efficient ...

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles (PPAs) and Related Biomaterials

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials

Polyamine tabanlı peptid Amphiphiles (PPAs) ve ilgili Biyomalzeme kendi kendine montaj sentezi için facile iletişim kuralı

Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles (PPAs) are a new class of self-assembling amphiphilic biomaterials-related to the peptide amphiphiles (PAs). ...

Automation of a Positron-emission Tomography (PET) Radiotracer Synthesis Protocol for Clinical Production

Automation of a Positron-emission Tomography PET Radiotracer Synthesis Protocol for Clinical Production

Klinik üretim için bir pozitron emisyon tomografi (PET) Radiotracer sentez protokolü'nün Otomasyon

The development of new positron-emission tomography (PET) tracers is enabling researchers and clinicians to image an increasingly wide array of biological ...

Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution  X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Yüksek Çözünürlüklü X-Işını Absorpsiyon Spektroskopisi Kullanılarak Kriyojenik Sıcaklıkta Türleşme için Biyolojik Numunelerin Hazırlanması

The study of elements with X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is of particular interest when studying the role of metals in biological systems. Sample ...