Name: optimizing the use of a liquid handling robot to conduct a high throughput forward chemical genetics screen of arabidopsis thaliana
Uploaded: 2018-04-30T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Optimizing the Use of a Liquid Handling Robot to Conduct a High Throughput Forward Chemical Genetics Screen of Arabidopsis thaliana at JoVE.com

Vi takker Jozsef Stork, Mitchel Richmond, Jarrad Gollihue og Andrea Sanchez for konstruktiv og kritisk diskussion. Dr. Sharyn Perry for de fænotypiske fotografier. Dette materiale er baseret på arbejde støttet af National Science Foundation under Cooperative aftale nr. 1355438.

1. at skabe en fortynding bibliotek
<ol><li>Label 625 fortynding bibliotek plader i hånden, at sikre, at de passer til deres tilsvarende plade fra den kemiske bibliotek. Derudover forbinde i flow og out flow slanger til multikanal Tip vask automatiseret Labware Positioner (ALP) ved at overføre dem via konsollen kørsel til 5 Gallon Reservoir (Se Tabel af materialer).</li>
	<li>Få adgang til computeren og tænde vask pumpen gennem tilslutning af enheden-Controller til multikanal Tip vask ALP for at c...

<ol>
	<li>Blackwell, H. E., Zhao, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+genetic+approaches+to+plant+biology.">Chemical genetic approaches to plant biology.</a> Plant Physiol. 133 (2), 448-455 (2003).</li><li>Dejonghe, W., Russinova, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plant+chemical+genetics:+From+phenotype-based+screens+to+synthetic+biology.">Plant chemical genetics: From phenotype-based screens to synthetic biology.</a> Plant Physiol. 174 (1), 5-20 (2017).</li><li>McCourt, P., Desveaux, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plant+chemical+genetics.">Plant chemical genetics.</a> New Phytol. 185 (1), 15-26 (2010).</li><li>Lumba, S., Cutler, S., McCourt, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plant+nuclear+hormone+receptors:+A+role+for+small+molecules+in+protein-protein+interactions.">Plant nuclear hormone receptors: A role for small molecules in protein-protein interactions.</a> Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 26, 445-469 (2010).</li><li>Hicks, G. R., Raikhel, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Opportunities+and+challenges+in+plant+chemical+biology.">Opportunities and challenges in plant chemical biology.</a> Nat Chem Biol. 5 (5), 268-272 (2009).</li><li>De Rybel, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+role+for+the+root+cap+in+root+branching+revealed+by+the+non-auxin+probe+naxillin.">A role for the root cap in root branching revealed by the non-auxin probe naxillin.</a> Nat Chem Biol. 8 (9), 798-805 (2012).</li><li>Koornneef, M., Meinke, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+development+of+Arabidopsis+as+a+model+plant.">The development of Arabidopsis as a model plant.</a> Plant J. 61 (6), 909-921 (2010).</li><li>Serrano, M., Kombrink, E., Meesters, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Considerations+for+designing+chemical+screening+strategies+in+plant+biology.">Considerations for designing chemical screening strategies in plant biology.</a> Front Plant Sci. 6, 131 (2015).</li><li>Yoshitani, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+structure-based+strategy+for+discovery+of+small+ligands+binding+to+functionally+unknown+proteins:+Combination+of+in+silico+screening+and+surface+plasmon+resonance+measurements.">A structure-based strategy for discovery of small ligands binding to functionally unknown proteins: Combination of in silico screening and surface plasmon resonance measurements.</a> Proteomics. 5 (6), 1472-1480 (2005).</li><li>Macarron, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+high-throughput+screening+in+biomedical+research.">Impact of high-throughput screening in biomedical research.</a> Nat Rev Drug Discov. 10 (3), 188-195 (2011).</li><li>DeBolt, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morlin,+an+inhibitor+of+cortical+microtubule+dynamics+and+cellulose+synthase+movement.">Morlin, an inhibitor of cortical microtubule dynamics and cellulose synthase movement.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104 (14), 5854-5859 (2007).</li><li>Christian, M., Hannah, W. B., Luthen, H., Jones, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+auxins+by+a+chemical+genomics+approach.">Identification of auxins by a chemical genomics approach.</a> J Exp Bot. 59 (10), 2757-2767 (2008).</li><li>Drakakaki, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clusters+of+bioactive+compounds+target+dynamic+endomembrane+networks+in+vivo.">Clusters of bioactive compounds target dynamic endomembrane networks in vivo.</a> PNAS. 108 (43), 17850-17855 (2011).</li><li>Armstrong, J. I., Yuan, S., Dale, J. M., Tanner, V. N., Theologis, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+inhibitors+of+auxin+transcriptional+activation+by+means+of+chemical+genetics+in+Arabidopsis.">Identification of inhibitors of auxin transcriptional activation by means of chemical genetics in Arabidopsis.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 101 (41), 14978-14983 (2004).</li><li>Brown, L. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+small+molecule+with+differential+effects+on+the+PTS1+and+PTS2+peroxisome+matrix+import+pathways.">A small molecule with differential effects on the PTS1 and PTS2 peroxisome matrix import pathways.</a> Plant J. 65 (6), 980-990 (2011).</li><li>De Rybel, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+inhibition+of+a+subset+of+Arabidopsis+thaliana+GSK3-like+kinases+activates+brassinosteroid+signaling.">Chemical inhibition of a subset of Arabidopsis thaliana GSK3-like kinases activates brassinosteroid signaling.</a> Chem Biol. 16 (6), 594-604 (2009).</li><li>Arkin, M. R., Tang, Y., Wells, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small-molecule+inhibitors+of+protein-protein+interactions:+progressing+toward+the+reality.">Small-molecule inhibitors of protein-protein interactions: progressing toward the reality.</a> Chem Biol. 21 (9), 1102-1114 (2014).</li><li>St Onge, R., Schlecht, U., Scharfe, C., Evangelista, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Forward+chemical+genetics+in+yeast+for+discovery+of+chemical+probes+targeting+metabolism.">Forward chemical genetics in yeast for discovery of chemical probes targeting metabolism.</a> Molecules. 17 (11), 13098-13115 (2012).</li><li>Vassilev, L. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+activation+of+the+p53+pathway+by+small-molecule+antagonists+of+MDM2.">In vivo activation of the p53 pathway by small-molecule antagonists of MDM2.</a> Science. 303 (5659), 844-848 (2004).</li><li>Zhao, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+genetic+interrogation+of+natural+variation+uncovers+a+molecule+that+is+glycoactivated.">Chemical genetic interrogation of natural variation uncovers a molecule that is glycoactivated.</a> Nat Chem Biol. 3 (11), 716-721 (2007).</li><li>Walsh, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+emerging+field+of+chemical+genetics:+Potential+applications+for+pesticide+discovery.">The emerging field of chemical genetics: Potential applications for pesticide discovery.</a> Pest Manag Sci. 63 (12), 1165-1171 (2007).</li><li>. Seed Handling Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://abrc.osu.edu/seed-handling">https://abrc.osu.edu/seed-handling</a> (2013)</li><li>Knoth, C., Salus, M. S., Girke, T., Eulgem, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+synthetic+elicitor+3,5-dichloroanthranilic+acid+induces+NPR1-dependent+and+NPR1-independent+mechanisms+of+disease+resistance+in+Arabidopsis.">The synthetic elicitor 3,5-dichloroanthranilic acid induces NPR1-dependent and NPR1-independent mechanisms of disease resistance in Arabidopsis.</a> Plant Physiol. 150 (1), 333-347 (2009).</li><li>Conway, M. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scalable+96-well+Plate+based+iPSC+culture+and+production+using+a+robotic+liquid+handling+system.">Scalable 96-well Plate based iPSC culture and production using a robotic liquid handling system.</a> J Vis Exp. , (2015).</li><li>Daniszewski, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+cell+culture+systems+and+their+applications+to+human+pluripotent+stem+cell+studies.">Automated cell culture systems and their applications to human pluripotent stem cell studies.</a> SLAS Technol. , (2017).</li><li>Popa-Burke, I., Russell, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Compound+precipitation+in+high-concentration+DMSO+solutions.">Compound precipitation in high-concentration DMSO solutions.</a> J Biomol Screen. 19 (9), 1302-1308 (2014).</li><li>Partridge, F. 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Denne protokol er designet til at hjælpe forskere med at udføre en fremadrettet kemiske genetik skærm på Arabidopsis. Vi give repræsentative resultater fra en skærm af 50.000 forbindelser (figur 2 og figur 3), en af de største fremskudte kemiske genetik skærme udføres på Arabidopsis til dato9,13,23. Brugen af en flydende håndtering robot aktiveret mere effekt...

I de sidste 20 år har forskere inden for Plantebiologi gjort store fremskridt ved hjælp af kemiske genetik tilgange, både frem og bak, forbedre vores forståelse af cellevæggen biosyntesen, cytoskeleton, hormon biosyntese og signalerer, gravitropism, patogenese, purin biosyntese og endomembrane handel med1,2,3,4,5. Ansætte fremad kemiske genetik teknikker giver mulighed for identifikation af fænotyper af interesse og gør det muligt for forskere at forstå de genotypiske fundament for bestemte processer. Omvendt, omvendt kemiske genetik opsøger kemikalier, der interagerer med en forudbestemt protein mål6. Arabidopsis har været på forkant med disse opdagelser i Plantebiologi, fordi dens genom er små, kortlagt, og kommenteret. Det har en kort generationstid, og der er flere mutant/reporter linier til rådighed til at lette identifikationen af afvigende subcellulært maskiner7.
Der er to flaskehalse, der langsomt fremskridt frem kemiske genetiske skærme, den indledende screening proces og fastsættelse af mål for sammensat af interesse8. En større støtte i at øge hastigheden af lille molekyle udvalg er brug af automatisering og automatiseret udstyr9. Flydende håndtering robotter er et fremragende værktøj til håndtering af store biblioteker af små molekyler og har medvirket i driving fremskridt i biologiske videnskaber10. Protokollen præsenteres her er designet til at afhjælpe flaskehalsen tilknyttet screeningsprocessen, muliggør identifikation af bioaktive små molekyler i et hastigt tempo. Denne teknik reducerer byrden af arbejdskraft og tid for erhvervsdrivende, mens også mindske de økonomiske omkostninger til princippet investigator.
Hidtil har mest kemisk biblioteker analyseret holdt mellem 10.000 og 20.000 forbindelser, nogle med så mange som 150.000 og nogle med så få som 709,11,12,13,14, 15 , 16. protokol indført heri blev gennemført på et lille molekyle bibliotek af 50.000 forbindelser (Se Tabel af materialer), en af de større fremad kemiske genetik skærme foregår på Arabidopsis til dato. Denne protokol passer med den nuværende tendens til øget effektivitet og hastighed vedrørende fremad kemiske genetik, især da det vedrører herbicid discovery, insekticid discovery, fungicid opdage, narkotikamisbrug opdagelse og kræft biologi17 ,18,19,20,21. Selvom gennemført her med Arabidopsis, kan denne protokol, let tilpasses til cellekulturer, sporer og potentielt selv insekter i Lage i 96-, 384- eller 1536-godt plader. På grund af sin lille størrelse er Arabidopsis indstillet til screening i 96 godt plader. Distribuere frøene jævnt blandt brønde er dog en udfordring. Hånd såning er nøjagtig men arbejdskrævende, og selv om der er enheder designet til at dispensere frø i 96-brønd plader, de er dyre at købe. Vi viser her, hvordan dette trin kan omgås med bare en lille tab i nøjagtighed.
Det overordnede mål med denne metode var at gøre screening et stort kemisk bibliotek mod Arabidopsis mere håndterbare, uden at gå på kompromis nøjagtighed, via brugen af en flydende håndtering robot. Brug af denne metode forbedrer effektiviteten af forskeren ved at reducere den tid, det tager at fuldføre første fortynding serie forvaltning og efterfølgende fænotypiske skærme, giver mulighed for hurtig visualisering af prøver under en dissekere mikroskop, og hurtig identifikation af nye bioaktive små molekyler. Figur 1 viser denne protokol centrale resultater i 4 trin.
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/57393/57393fig1.jpg"> Fig. 1: samlede arbejdsproces af skærmbilledet frem kemiske genetik. En oversigt over protokollen kan beskrives med nogle detaljer for hver af de 4 vigtigste skridt. 1: modtager den kemiske bibliotek, 2: gør biblioteket fortynding, 3: at gøre Screening plader og 4: inkubere og visualisere Screening pladerne. <a href="/files/ftp_upload/57393/57393fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Venligst klik her for at se en større version af dette tal.</a>

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Keyboard</td>
			<td>Local Provider</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Used for protocol design and operating the Biomek FX</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse</td>
			<td>Local Provider</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Used for protocol design and operating the Biomek FX</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Computer Screen</td>
			<td>Local Provider</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Used for protocol design and operating the Biomek FX</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Computer</td>
			<td>Local Provider</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Used for protocol design and operating the Biomek FX</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DIVERSet Diverse Screening Library</td>
			<td>ChemBridge</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Chemical library</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biomek Software</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Runs and designs the Biomek FX</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Device Controller</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>719366</td>
			<td>Operates the water pump/tip washing station</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stacker Carousel Pendent</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>148240</td>
			<td>Manual operation of Biomek Stacker Carousel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biomek Stacker Carousel</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>148520</td>
			<td>Rotary unit that houses all FX Stacker 10&#39;s</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FX Stacker 10</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>148522</td>
			<td>Elevator unit that houses components for screen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FX Stacker 10</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>148522</td>
			<td>Elevator unit that houses components for screen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FX Stacker 10</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>148522</td>
			<td>Elevator unit that houses components for screen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FX Stacker 10</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>148522</td>
			<td>Elevator unit that houses components for screen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biomek FX</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>https://www.beckman.com/liquid-handlers</td>
			<td>Robot that performs the desired operations</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Accuframe</td>
			<td>Artisan Technology Group</td>
			<td>76853-4</td>
			<td>Frames arm to place components corretly</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Framing Fixture</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>719415</td>
			<td>Centers arm in the Accuframe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multichannel Tip Wash ALP</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>719662</td>
			<td>Washes the tips after the ethanol bath</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tip Loader ALP</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>719356</td>
			<td>Pneumatically loads tips onto the arm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Air Compressor</td>
			<td>Local Provider</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Provides air for pneumatic tip loading</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MasterFlex Console Drive</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>77200-65</td>
			<td>Pump used to circulate water through the Multichannel Tip Washer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Air Hose</td>
			<td>Local Provider</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Provides air from air compressor to Tip Loader</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water Hose</td>
			<td>Local Provider</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Provides water from 5 Gallon Reserviour to Tip Washer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Static ALP&#39;s</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>Comes with Biomek FX</td>
			<td>Supports equipment for the Screen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5 Gallon Reserviour</td>
			<td>Local Provider</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Recirculates the dirty water from cleaning the tips</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Grippers</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>Comes with Biomek FX</td>
			<td>Grabs and moves the equipment to the correct places</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-Channel 200 &#181;L Head</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>Comes with Biomek FX</td>
			<td>Holds the 96 tips used within the screen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AP96 P200 Pipette Tips</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>717251</td>
			<td>Used to make the screening library</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96 Well Flat Bottom Plate</td>
			<td>Costar</td>
			<td>9018</td>
			<td>Aids in visulization of screen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96 Well V-Bottom Plate</td>
			<td>Costar</td>
			<td>3897</td>
			<td>Aids in storing of dilution library</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AlumaSeal 96 Sealing Film</td>
			<td>MedSci</td>
			<td>F-96-100</td>
			<td>Seals for storage both the chemicle library and dilution library</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plastic ziplock sandwich bags</td>
			<td>Local Provider</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Used to ensure a humid environment for screen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AP96 P20 Pipette Tips</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>717254</td>
			<td>Used in the dilution library creation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Growth Chamber</td>
			<td>Percival</td>
			<td>AR36L3</td>
			<td>Germinates seeds for phenotypic visulization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spatula</td>
			<td>Local Provider</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Holds seeds to add into wells where liquid seeding failed seed adequatly</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Toothpick</td>
			<td>Local Provider</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Pushes seeds from spatula to wells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Murashige and Skoog Basal Salt Mixture</td>
			<td>PhytoTechnology Laboratories</td>
			<td>M524</td>
			<td>Add to MS media mixture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MES Free Acid Monohydrate</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>ICN19483580</td>
			<td>Added to MS media to decrease pH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agar Powder</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>9002-18-0</td>
			<td>Increases thickness of media to support seed suspension</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5M KOH</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>484016</td>
			<td>Increases pH to adequate levels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1L Media Storage Bottle</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>1395-1L</td>
			<td>Holds enough media for a screen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polypropylene Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>431470</td>
			<td>Sterilizes seeds prior to vernilization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pH Probe</td>
			<td>Davis Instruments</td>
			<td>YX-58825-26</td>
			<td>Used for making media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ALPs (Automated Labware Positioners) Users Manual</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>PN 987836</td>
			<td>Aids in setting up the accompaning equipment for the Biomek FX</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biomek 2000 Stacker Carousel Users Guide</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>609862-AA</td>
			<td>Aids in setting up the Stacker Carousel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biomek FX and FXP Laboratory Automation Workstations Users Manual</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>PN 987834</td>
			<td>Used to frame the Multichannel Pod</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biomek FXP Laboratory Automation Workstation Customer Startup Guide</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>PN B32335AB</td>
			<td>Used to aid in setting up the Biomek FX</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biomek Software User&#39;s Manual</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>PN 987835</td>
			<td>Used to set up and understand the Software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

optimizing the use of a liquid handling robot to conduct a high throughput forward chemical genetics screen of arabidopsis thaliana

Kemiske genetik anvendes i stigende grad til at afkode træk i planter, der kan være genstridige at traditionelle genetik på grund af genet redundans eller dødelighed. Men sandsynligheden for et syntetisk lille molekyle bliver bioaktive er lav; Derfor, tusindvis af molekyler skal afprøves for at finde dem, af interesse. Flydende håndtering robotics systemer er designet til at håndtere store mængder prøver, øge den hastighed, hvormed en kemisk bibliotek kan blive screenet ud over at minimere/standardisering fejl. At opnå en høj overførselshastighed fremad kemiske genetik skærm af et bibliotek af 50.000 små molekyler på Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), protokoller ved hjælp af en bænk-top multikanals væske håndtering robot blev udviklet som kræver minimal tekniker inddragelse. Med disse protokoller, blev 3,271 små molekyler opdaget der forårsagede synlige fænotypiske forandringer. 1,563 forbindelser induceret korte rødder, 1,148 forbindelser ændret farvning, 383 forbindelser forårsaget rod hår og andre, ikke kategoriseret, ombygninger og 177 forbindelser hæmmet spiring.

Evnen til at præcist og effektivt karakterisere fænotyper baseret på tilsætning af små molekyler på screening koncentrationer under et dissekere mikroskop er det endelige mål for denne metode frem kemiske genetik på Arabidopsis. Fænotyper observeret, når alle 50.000 forbindelser var blevet screenet var forskellige og kan inddeles i flere forskellige klasser (figur 2). Figur 3A -F afbilder eksem...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Optimizing the Use of a Liquid Handling Robot to Conduct a High Throughput Forward Chemical Genetics Screen of Arabidopsis thaliana at JoVE.com

Optimizing the Use of a Liquid Handling Robot to Conduct a High Throughput Forward Chemical Genetics Screen of Arabidopsis thaliana

Optimering af brugen af en flydende håndtering Robot til at gennemføre en høj overførselshastighed frem kemiske genetik skærm fra Arabidopsis thaliana

En høj overførselshastighed skærm af syntetiske små molekyler blev gennemført på model plantearter, Arabidopsis thaliana. Denne protokol, udviklet til et flydende håndtering robot, øger hastigheden af fremad kemiske genetik skærme, fremskynde opdagelsen af nye små molekyler påvirker plantefysiologi.

Chemical genetics is increasingly being employed to decode traits in plants that may be recalcitrant to traditional genetics due to gene redundancy or ...

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Bioengineering

Optimizing the Use of a Liquid Handling Robot to Conduct a High Throughput Forward Chemical Genetics Screen of Arabidopsis thaliana

Adaptation of a Haptic Robot in a 3T fMRI

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides excellent functional brain imaging via the BOLD signal 1 with advantages including non-ionizing ...

High-throughput Protein Expression Generator Using a Microfluidic Platform

High-throughput Protein Expression Generator Ved hjælp af en Mikrofluid Platform

Rapidly increasing fields, such as systems biology, require the development and implementation of new technologies, enabling high-throughput and ...

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles

High-throughput Syntese af kulhydrater og Funktionalisering af polyanhydridet Nanopartikler

Transdisciplinary approaches involving areas such as material design, nanotechnology, chemistry, and immunology have to be utilized to rationally design ...

Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

Design af et Bio-responsiv Robot fra DNA Origami

Nucleic acids are astonishingly versatile. In addition to their natural role as storage medium for biological information1, they can be utilized in ...

High-throughput, Automated Extraction of DNA and RNA from Clinical Samples using TruTip Technology on Common Liquid Handling Robots

High-throughput, Automated Udvinding af DNA og RNA fra kliniske prøver ved hjælp TruTip Technology om fælles Væskehåndtering Robotter

TruTip is a simple nucleic acid extraction  technology whereby a porous, monolithic binding matrix is inserted into a  pipette tip. The geometry of the ...

Optimizing Attachment of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Poly(&#949;-caprolactone) Electrospun Yarns

Optimizing Attachment of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on PolyÃƒÅ½Ã‚Âµ-caprolactone Electrospun Yarns

Optimering Binding af humane mesenchymstamceller på Poly (ε-caprolacton) elektrospundne Garn

Research into biomaterials and tissue engineering often includes cell-based in vitro investigations, which require initial knowledge of the starting cell ...

Use of a High-throughput In Vitro Microfluidic System to Develop Oral Multi-species Biofilms

Use of a High-throughput In Vitro Microfluidic System to Develop Oral Multi-species Biofilms

Anvendelse af et High-throughput<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Mikrofluidsystem at udvikle Oral Multi-arter biofilm

There are few high-throughput in vitro systems which facilitate the development of multi-species biofilms that contain numerous species commonly detected ...

Generation of Scalable, Metallic High-Aspect Ratio Nanocomposites in a Biological Liquid Medium

Generation af skalerbare, Metallic High-Aspect Ratio nanokompositter i en biologisk Liquid Medium

The goal of this protocol is to describe the synthesis of two novel biocomposites with high-aspect ratio structures. The biocomposites consist of copper ...

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

Automatiseret robot flydende håndtering forsamling af modulære DNA enheder

Recent advances in modular DNA assembly techniques have enabled synthetic biologists to test significantly more of the available &#34;design space&#34; ...

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Syntese af Biokompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Skum som Cell Stilladser til 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Here, we present a step-by-step preparation of a 3D, biodegradable, foam-like cell scaffold. These scaffolds were prepared by cross-linking star block ...