Name: rapid in vivo assessment of adjuvant's cytotoxic t lymphocytes generation capabilities for vaccine development
Uploaded: 2018-06-19T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development at JoVE.com

Vi står i gæld til vores tekniske assistenter: U. Bröder og H. Shkarlet, der har hjulpet os under eksperimentelle procedurer. Dette arbejde var delvis finansieret af EU-tilskud (UniVax, kontrakt nr. 601738 og TRANSVAC2, kontrakt nr. 730964), og en Helmholtz Association grant (HAI-IDR). De finansieringskilder ikke indflydelse på forskningen design, generation af manuskript eller beslutning om at sende det til offentliggørelse.

Alle mus anvendes i denne undersøgelse var fra C57BL/6 baggrund. Alle dyrene blev holdt på patogenfrie betingelser. Alle eksperimenter blev udført ifølge den normative i den tyske dyreværnslovgivning (TierSchG BGBl. I S 1105; 25.05.1998) og blev godkendt af den lavere Sachsen på etik dyr eksperimenter og det statslige kontor (lavere Sachsen statslige kontor for forbrugerbeskyttelse og fødevaresikkerhed), under tilladelse nummer 33.4-42502-04-13/1281 og 162280.
1. CFSE farvning af OT-jeg T...

<ol>
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P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mucosal+delivery+of+a+respiratory+syncytial+virus+CTL+peptide+with+enterotoxin-based+adjuvants+elicits+protective,+immunopathogenic,+and+immunoregulatory+antiviral+CD8++T+cell+responses.">Mucosal delivery of a respiratory syncytial virus CTL peptide with enterotoxin-based adjuvants elicits protective, immunopathogenic, and immunoregulatory antiviral CD8+ T cell responses.</a> Journal of immunology. 166, 1106-1113 (2001).</li><li>Fulginiti, V. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Respiratory+Virus+Immunizationa+Field+Trial+Of+Two+Inactivated+Respiratory+Virus+Vaccines;+An+Aqueous+Trivalent+Paratnfluenza+Virus+Vaccine+And+An+Alum-Precipitated+Respiratory+Syncytial+Virus+Vaccine1.">Respiratory Virus Immunizationa Field Trial Of Two Inactivated Respiratory Virus Vaccines; An Aqueous Trivalent Paratnfluenza Virus Vaccine And An Alum-Precipitated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine1.</a> American journal of epidemiology. 89, 435-448 (1969).</li><li>Olson, M. R., Varga, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CD8+T+cells+inhibit+respiratory+syncytial+virus+(RSV)+vaccine-enhanced+disease.">CD8 T cells inhibit respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine-enhanced disease.</a> Journal of immunology. 179, 5415-5424 (2007).</li><li>Lirussi, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Type+I+IFN+and+not+TNF,+is+Essential+for+Cyclic+Di-nucleotide-elicited+CTL+by+a+Cytosolic+Cross-presentation+Pathway.">Type I IFN and not TNF, is Essential for Cyclic Di-nucleotide-elicited CTL by a Cytosolic Cross-presentation Pathway.</a> EBioMedicine. 22, 100-111 (2017).</li><li>Ebensen, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bis-(3',5')-cyclic+dimeric+adenosine+monophosphate:+strong+Th1/Th2/Th17+promoting+mucosal+adjuvant.">Bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate: strong Th1/Th2/Th17 promoting mucosal adjuvant.</a> Vaccine. 29, 5210-5220 (2011).</li><li>Hogquist, K. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=T+cell+receptor+antagonist+peptides+induce+positive+selection.">T cell receptor antagonist peptides induce positive selection.</a> Cell. 76, 17-27 (1994).</li><li>Clarke, S. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+the+ovalbumin-specific+TCR+transgenic+line+OT-I:+MHC+elements+for+positive+and+negative+selection.">Characterization of the ovalbumin-specific TCR transgenic line OT-I: MHC elements for positive and negative selection.</a> Immunology and cell biology. 78, 110-117 (2000).</li><li>Topham, D. J., Castrucci, M. R., Wingo, F. S., Belz, G. T., Doherty, P. 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H., Sanz, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiparameter+Flow+Cytometry+and+Bioanalytics+for+B+Cell+Profiling+in+Systemic+Lupus+Erythematosus.">Multiparameter Flow Cytometry and Bioanalytics for B Cell Profiling in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.</a> Methods in molecular biology. 900, 109-134 (2012).</li><li>Bayer, J., Grunwald, D., Lambert, C., Mayol, J. F., Maynadie, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thematic+workshop+on+fluorescence+compensation+settings+in+multicolor+flow+cytometry.">Thematic workshop on fluorescence compensation settings in multicolor flow cytometry.</a> Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry. 72, 8-13 (2007).</li><li>Newrzela, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=T-cell+receptor+diversity+prevents+T-cell+lymphoma+development.">T-cell receptor diversity prevents T-cell lymphoma development.</a> Leukemia. 26, 2499-2507 (2012).</li><li>Iwasaki, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Allergen+endotoxins+induce+T-cell-dependent+and+non-IgE-mediated+nasal+hypersensitivity+in+mice.">Allergen endotoxins induce T-cell-dependent and non-IgE-mediated nasal hypersensitivity in mice.</a> J Allergy Clin Immunol. 139, 258-268 (2017).</li><li>Tsuchiya, K., Siddiqui, S., Risse, P. A., Hirota, N., Martin, J. 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American journal of physiology.</a> Lung cellular and molecular physiology. , L54-L63 (2012).</li><li>Burgdorf, S., Scholz, C., Kautz, A., Tampe, R., Kurts, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+and+mechanistic+separation+of+cross-presentation+and+endogenous+antigen+presentation.">Spatial and mechanistic separation of cross-presentation and endogenous antigen presentation.</a> Nature. 9, 558-566 (2008).</li><li>Last'ovicka, J., Budinsky, V., Spisek, R., Bartunkova, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+lymphocyte+proliferation:+CFSE+kills+dividing+cells+and+modulates+expression+of+activation+markers.">Assessment of lymphocyte proliferation: CFSE kills dividing cells and modulates expression of activation markers.</a> Cellular immunology. , 79-85 (2009).</li><li>Oelke, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+characterization+of+CD8(+)+antigen-specific+cytotoxic+T+lymphocytes+after+enrichment+based+on+cytokine+secretion:+comparison+with+the+MHC-tetramer+technology.">Functional characterization of CD8(+) antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes after enrichment based on cytokine secretion: comparison with the MHC-tetramer technology.</a> Scand J Immunol. 52, 544-549 (2000).</li><li>Wang, W., Golding, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cytotoxic+T+lymphocyte+response+against+a+protein+antigen+does+not+decrease+the+antibody+response+to+that+antigen+although+antigen-pulsed+B+cells+can+be+targets.">The cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against a protein antigen does not decrease the antibody response to that antigen although antigen-pulsed B cells can be targets.</a> Immunology letters. 100, 195-201 (2005).</li><li>O'Sullivan, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Memory+CD8(+)+T+cells+use+cell-intrinsic+lipolysis+to+support+the+metabolic+programming+necessary+for+development.">Memory CD8(+) T cells use cell-intrinsic lipolysis to support the metabolic programming necessary for development.</a> Immunity. 41, 75-88 (2014).</li><li>Xu, H. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Type+I+interferon+protects+antiviral+CD8++T+cells+from+NK+cell+cytotoxicity.">Type I interferon protects antiviral CD8+ T cells from NK cell cytotoxicity.</a> Immunity. 40, 949-960 (2014).</li><li>Volk, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+three+humanized+mouse+models+for+adoptive+T+cell+transfer.">Comparison of three humanized mouse models for adoptive T cell transfer.</a> The journal of gene medicine. 14, 540-548 (2012).</li><li>Safinia, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Humanized+Mice+as+Preclinical+Models+in+Transplantation.">Humanized Mice as Preclinical Models in Transplantation.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1371, 177-196 (2016).</li><li>Grover, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Humanized+NOG+mice+as+a+model+for+tuberculosis+vaccine-induced+immunity:+a+comparative+analysis+with+the+mouse+and+guinea+pig+models+of+tuberculosis.">Humanized NOG mice as a model for tuberculosis vaccine-induced immunity: a comparative analysis with the mouse and guinea pig models of tuberculosis.</a> Immunology. 152, 150-162 (2017).</li></ol>

Moderne vacciner er ideelt composedof renset antigen og adjuvanter, med den mulige tilsætning af en levering system som Liposomer, viruslignende partikler, nanopartikler eller live vektorer. Et centralt aspekt når du udformer en vaccine er at vælge den rigtige adjuverende kliniske behov. En del af anvendelsesområdet kunne inddrage favorisere en humorale vs cellulære immunrespons (eller begge), valg af en lokal vs en systemisk immunrespons (eller begge), og form for hukommelse, som vaccinen skal oprette i målpopulat...

Cytotoksiske T-lymfocytter (CTL) inducerende vacciner er vigtige terapeutiske interventioner, der er blevet udviklet til at bekæmpe visse former for kræft1. CTL er også vigtige for forebyggende vacciner mod intracellulære patogener2. Derudover liste over Tillidscertifikater er en af de få immun forsvar mekanismer funktionelt aktive i risikogrupper som nyfødte3,4 , som også afhænger af CTL at bekæmpe tidlige liv infektioner5. I denne henseende resulterede vacciner mod respiratorisk Syncytial Virus (RSV) der er blevet udviklet med en adjuvans, der ikke fremkalde CTL svar (alun) i en total fiasko af vaccinen fører til alvorlige komplikationer ved infektioner hos spædbørn6. Disse negative virkninger af vaccination kan vendes ved en CD8+ T-celle respons7. Vi har tidligere bevist, at de vigtigste cytokiner (type I-Interferoner) fremkaldes ved nogle stimulator af interferon gener (STING) agonister er afgørende for CTL svar genereret af disse adjuvanser8, dels ved at måle spredningen af OT-jeg T celler efter vaccination og ved hjælp af disse resultater, som en foranstaltning af CTL inducerende kapaciteter observeret i udvidet vaccination tidsplaner9. Måling af spredning af OT-jeg CD8+ T-celler i en vildtype (WT) C57BL/6 recipient mus af carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) farvestof fortynding er en robust vurdering af adjuverende en vaccine evne til at generere Cross-grunding af SIINFEKL, (den immuno-dominerende peptid af ægalbumin, æg). Variationer af denne teknik er meget udbredt til vurdering af spredning af OT-jeg CD8+ og OT-II CD4+ T celler. For eksempel, har det været brugt i mangel af valgte cytokiner (KO mus) eller til at måle vaccine effekten efter antigen tilbagekaldelse i WT dyr. Vi udtænkt en kort protokol (4 dage eksperiment) hvor efter passiv overførsel af CFSE-farvede OT-jeg CD8+ T-celler, en subkutant (s.c.) immunisering bestående af en dosis på 50 µg af endotoxin-gratis æg suppleret med test adjuvanter administreres (Figur 1). Opfølgning af resultater 48 h efter vaccination giver et pålideligt bevis for adjuvans evne til at generere CTL svar. Af denne strategi er det muligt at vurdere styrken af de lokale immunrespons i afdrypning lymfeknude efter immunisering samt omfanget af svaret ved at måle CTL aktiviteten i milten (eller fjern lymfeknuder).

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>BD LSR Fortessa Cell Analyzer</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>Special Order</td>
			<td>Flow Cytometer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CFSE</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>C34554</td>
			<td>Proliferation Dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MojoSort Mouse CD8 T Cell Isolation Kit</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>480007</td>
			<td>Magnetic Isolation Beads and antibodies for negative selection of untouched CD8 T cells.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LIVE/DEAD Fixable Blue Dead Cell Stain Kit, for UV excitation</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>L23105</td>
			<td>Dead Cell Marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD90.1 (Thy-1.1) Monoclonal Antibody (HIS51), PE-Cyanine7</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>25-0900-82</td>
			<td>antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>APC anti-mouse CD8a Antibody</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td>100712</td>
			<td>antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BV421 Rat Anti-Mouse CD4</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>740007</td>
			<td>antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Z2 coulter Particle count and Size Analyzer</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>9914591DA</td>
			<td>Cell counter. Z2 Automated particle/cell counter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EndoGrade Ovalbumin (10 mg)</td>
			<td>Hyglos(Germany)</td>
			<td>321000</td>
			<td>Ovalbumin endotoxin free tested.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell Strainer 100&#181;m nylon</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>352360</td>
			<td>Cell strainer (100 &#181;m pore mesh cups).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sample Vials</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>899366014</td>
			<td>Sample vials for Z2 automated counter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6 mice (CD90.2)</td>
			<td>Harlan (Rossdorf, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Company is now Envigo</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OT-I (C57BL/6 background, CD90.1)</td>
			<td>Harlan (Rossdorf, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Inbreed at our animal facility. Company from where adquired is now Envigo</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FACS tubes</td>
			<td>Fischer (Corning)</td>
			<td>14-959-5</td>
			<td>Corning Falcon Round-Bottom Polystyrene Tubes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon 15 mL tubes</td>
			<td>Fischer (Corning)</td>
			<td>05-527-90</td>
			<td>Falcon 15mL Conical Centrifuge Tubes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS (500 mL)</td>
			<td>Fischer (Gibco)</td>
			<td>20-012-027</td>
			<td>Gibco PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline), pH 7.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Red lamp (heating lamp)</td>
			<td>Dirk Rossmann GmbH (Germany)</td>
			<td>405096</td>
			<td>Heating infrred lamp (100 wats)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IsoFlo (Isoflurane)</td>
			<td>Abbott Laboratories (USA)</td>
			<td>5260.04-05.</td>
			<td>Isoflurane anesthesic (250 mL flask).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tabletop Anesthesia Machine/Mobile Anesthesia Machine with CO2 Absorber</td>
			<td>Parkland Scientific</td>
			<td>V3000PK</td>
			<td>Isoflurane anesthesia machine.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI 1640 medium</td>
			<td>Gibco (distributed by ThermoFischer)</td>
			<td>11-875-093</td>
			<td>Base medium with Glutamine (500 mL)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pen-Strept antibiotic solution (Gibco)</td>
			<td>Gibco (distributed by ThermoFischer)</td>
			<td>15-140-148</td>
			<td>Gibco Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bobine Serum (Gibco)</td>
			<td>Gibco (distributed by ThermoFischer)</td>
			<td>10082147</td>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum, certified, heat inactivated, US origin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ACK Lysing Buffer (100 ml)</td>
			<td>Gibco (distributed by ThermoFischer)</td>
			<td>A1049201</td>
			<td>Amonium Chloride Potasium (ACK) Whole Blood Lysis Buffer, suitable for erytrocyte lysis in spleen suspensions also</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plastic Petri Dishes</td>
			<td>Nunc (distributed by ThermoFischer)</td>
			<td>150340</td>
			<td>60 x 15mm Plastic Petri Dish, Non-treated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell Clump Filter</td>
			<td>CellTrics (Sysmex)</td>
			<td>04-004-2317</td>
			<td>CellTrics&#174; 50 &#956;m, sterile</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

rapid in vivo assessment of adjuvant's cytotoxic t lymphocytes generation capabilities for vaccine development

Vurdering af moderne underenhed vacciner afslører, at generation af neutraliserende antistoffer er vigtige, men ikke tilstrækkelig til adjuverende udvalg. Derfor er adjuvanser med både humorale og cellulære immuno-stimulerende egenskaber, der er i stand til at fremme cytotoksiske T-lymfocytter (CTL) svar tvingende nødvendigt. Således er trofaste overvågning af adjuverende kandidater, der inducerer cross-priming og efterfølgende forbedre CTL generation et afgørende skridt i vaccine udvikling. Her præsenterer vi en ansøgning om en metode, der bruger SIINFEKL-specifikke (OT-jeg) T-celler til at overvåge cross-præsentation af model antigen ægalbumin (æg) i vivo i overværelse af forskellige adjuvans kandidater. Denne metode repræsenterer en hurtig test at vælge adjuvanser med de bedste cross-priming kapaciteter. Spredning af CD8+ T celler er den mest værdifulde indikation af cross-priming og det betragtes også som et korrelat af adjuverende-induceret cross-præsentation. Denne funktion kan evalueres i forskellige immun organer som milt og lymfeknuder. Omfanget af CTL generation kan også blive overvåget, hvorved indsigter om en lokal karakter (dræning lymfeknude hovedsageligt) eller en systemisk reaktion (Fjern lymfeknuder og milt). Denne teknik yderligere giver mulighed for flere ændringer for at teste medicin, der kan hæmme specifikke cross-præsentation veje og tilbyder også mulighed for at blive brugt i forskellige stammer af konventionelle og gensplejsede mus. Sammenfattende er vil det program, vi præsenterer her være nyttig for vaccine laboratorier i industrielle eller akademiske kredse, udvikle eller ændre kemiske tilsætningsstoffer i vaccine forskning og udvikling.

For at teste de behandlinger ved hjælp af en anden kombination af adjuvans (ADJ1 og ADJ2), har vi vurderet CTL generation kapacitet ved at måle spredningen af adoptively overførte OT-jeg CD8+ T celler ved flowcytometri (figur 2). For det farves vi tidligere isolerede celler fra afdrypning lymfeknuder og milt (tabel 1). Ved at måle spredningen af CD8+ T-celler i lymfeknuder og milt, vi var i stand til at underbygge en...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development at JoVE.com

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Vi præsenterer her en ansøgning om en standard immunologiske teknik (CFSE farves OT-jeg spredning) skal hurtigt overvåge adjuvans-medieret cytotoksiske T-lymfocytter (CTL) generation in vivo. Denne hurtig estimering af CTL kapacitet er nyttige for udviklingen af forebyggende vacciner mod intracellulære patogener samt terapeutiske kræft vacciner.

Hurtig In Vivo evaluering af Adjuverendes cytotoksiske T-lymfocytter Generation kapaciteter for Vaccine udvikling

The assessment of modern sub-unit vaccines reveals that the generation of neutralizing antibodies is important but not sufficient for adjuvant selection. ...

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Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

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