Name: invasive hemodynamic monitoring of aortic and pulmonary artery hemodynamics in a large animal model of ards
Uploaded: 2018-11-26T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamics in a Large Animal Model of ARDS at JoVE.com

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汉堡市动物护理和使用委员会批准了这项前瞻性的试验, 在3-6个月大的时候, 有21名麻醉的家养猪 (德国陆地), 体重在40-55 公斤之间 (编号 18/17)。根据 arrive 准则, 所有实验都按照《实验室动物护理和使用指南》 (国家卫生研究院第86-23 出版物, 1996年修订)11进行了护理。
1. 流量探头两点校准
<ol><li>将流动探头放入去离子水中, 并将探头连接到跨音速流动探针系?...

<ol>
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ards, 加上肺动脉高压, 是一种非常致命的疾病。对于患有这种疾病的患者, 有必要提供更多关于治疗的信息。在与生物合作和研究时, 尽可能理智是非常重要的。在这种情况下, 有必要在一个实验中收集尽可能多的信息。
在这样的开放跳动的心脏模型中, 有一些关键的手术步骤。为了不不必要地使用猪, 必须有一个经验丰富的外科医生来解剖心脏骨架之间的上升主动脉和肺动脉, ...

右心室 (rv) 功能障碍是心力衰竭1患者发病和死亡的主要原因, 特别是如果其根本原因是肺动脉高压 2。rv 将血液注入低阻力肺系统, 这通常与高依从性有关。因此, rv 的特点是收缩压峰值低。与左心室 (lv)3相比, 它还产生六分之一的中风工作。由于其肌肉较薄, rv 很容易受到前后负荷 4,5的变化。rv 收缩和舒张期收缩和松弛的等压相并不像 lv 中那样明显。左心室和右心室血流动力学参数的检查在急性右心窘迫危重患者的治疗中非常重要,4、7, 因为 rv 衰竭会显著增加短期死亡率6。
在确定患者体积状态方面, 使用了心脏静脉压力 (cvp) 和左心室预紧参数 (如肺毛细血管楔形压力 (pcwp) 等预紧参数。最近, 事实表明, 仅有这些参数并不适合检测患者对液体的需求 8、9、10.认识到液体反应能力对于检测和治疗 rv 功能障碍患者的体积剥夺和体积过载至关重要。避免体积超载对于降低这些患者的重症监护室 (icu) 的死亡率和停留时间至关重要。
通过这项研究, 我们建立了一个猪的右心室功能障碍模型, 是一致的和可复制的。由于它与人类的相似性, 有必要建立一致和可重复的实验大型动物模型的心脏血流动力学和测量的研究目的。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Animal Bio Amp</td>
			<td>ADInstruments</td>
			<td>FE136</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quad BridgeAmp</td>
			<td>ADInstruments</td>
			<td>FE224</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Power Lab 16/35</td>
			<td>ADInstruments</td>
			<td>5761-E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LabChart 8.1.8 Windows</td>
			<td>ADInstruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pulmonary artery catheter 7 F</td>
			<td>Edwards Lifesciences Corporation</td>
			<td>&#160;&#160;131F7&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Prelude Sheath Introducer 8 F</td>
			<td>Merit Medical Systems, Inc.</td>
			<td>SI-8F-11-035</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>COnfidence Cardiac Output Flowprobes</td>
			<td>Transonic</td>
			<td>AU-IFU-PAUProbes-EN Rev. A 4/13</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adrenalin</td>
			<td>Sanofi</td>
			<td>6053210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oleic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>112-80-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium Verla</td>
			<td>Verla</td>
			<td>7244946</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamin</td>
			<td>Richter Pharma AG</td>
			<td>BE-V433246</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Azaperon</td>
			<td>Sanochemia Pharmazeutika AG</td>
			<td>QN05AD90</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Midazolam</td>
			<td>Roche Pharma AG</td>
			<td>3085793</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

invasive hemodynamic monitoring of aortic and pulmonary artery hemodynamics in a large animal model of ards

心力衰竭患者发病和死亡的主要原因之一是右心室 (rv) 功能障碍, 特别是由于肺动脉高压。为了更好地了解和治疗这种疾病, 对左心室和右心室参数进行精确的血流动力学监测很重要。因此, 有必要建立心脏血流动力学的实验猪模型和测量的研究目的。
本文介绍了利用油酸 (oa) 诱导 ards 和随后的右心室功能障碍, 以及猪的仪器和数据采集过程, 需要评估血流动力学参数。为了实现右心室功能障碍, 我们使用油酸 (oa) 引起 ards, 并伴有肺动脉高压 (pah)。利用该模型可以检测 pah 和连续右心室功能障碍, 可以测量许多血流动力学参数, 并可检测右心室体积负荷。
在整个实验过程中, 包括呼吸率 (rr)、心率 (hr) 和体温在内的所有重要参数都被记录。血流动力学参数, 包括股动脉压力 (fap)、主动脉压 (ap)、右心室压力 (收缩峰值、终末期收缩期和终末期右心室压力)、中心静脉压力 (cvp)、肺动脉压 (pap) 和测量了左动脉压力 (lap) 以及包括主动脉上血流 (aaf) 和肺动脉血流 (paf) 在内的灌注参数。血流动力学测量是使用经心肺热稀释, 以提供心脏输出量 (co)。此外, picc2 系统 (脉冲轮廓心脏输出系统 2) 被用来接收参数, 如中风体积方差 (svv), 脉冲压力方差 (ppv), 以及血管外肺水 (evlw) 和全球终末期舒张体积 (gedv)。我们的监测程序适用于检测右心室功能障碍和监测体积给药前后的血流动力学结果。

我们的动物模型显示了猪血流动力学参数的广泛变化。由于它的大小和血流动力学相似, 人们可以很容易地使用完全相同的设备, 在人类使用, 以获得类似的结果。然而, 麻醉值是基于经验, 并可能改变的基础上, 体重/年龄/应变的猪。 应咨询兽医来评估麻醉方案。
以往 oa 诱导的急性肺损伤 (ali) 模型结果不一致 13</s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamics in a Large Animal Model of ARDS at JoVE.com

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamics in a Large Animal Model of ARDS

ards 大型动物模型主动脉和肺动脉血流动力学的侵袭血流动力学监测

我们提出了一个方案, 创造右心室功能障碍的猪模型诱导 ards。我们展示了使用主动脉和肺动脉周围的流动探针对左心室和右心室输出量进行侵入性监测, 以及主动脉和肺动脉的血压测量。

One of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure is right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, especially if it is due to ...

该方法有助于回答重症监护医学领域有关血流动力学监测、右心室功能障碍和ARDS的关键问题。这种技术的主要优点是简单易用。该技术的影响扩展到ARDS关键领域的患者体积状态评估。虽然这种方法可以提供对ARDS疾病发病机制、监测和体积状态的洞察，但也可以应用于心力衰竭、败血症或呼吸衰竭。一般来说，新采用这种方法的个人将挣扎，因为这个程序的成功需要熟练的麻醉，心脏手术，和重症监护医学的实施。此方法的可视化演示至关重要。在开放心脏手术期间发生的出血可能会损害你的视力，因为你正在学习手术的步骤。使用超声波和塞尔丁格的技术，将针头插入麻醉猪的左股动脉。然后，放置一个八个法国介绍器护套，用组合扩张器在电线上，注意在导管的末尾观察到导线的端。验证正确放置导线后，取出针头，使用轻柔压力将导管放入容器中。将五个法国热敏性动脉导管放入右股动脉，将中央静脉导管和八个法国引入护套放入血管静脉，正如刚刚演示的。接下来，将一个七根法国肺动脉导管插入一个八个法国介绍器护套，并将肺动脉导管放入右心室。然后将第一个米勒尖端导管插入左股动脉的八个法国介绍护套，并将护套放入主动脉。使用电烧，做一个5至10厘米的切口，从交响乐上方到线阿尔巴，并使用剪刀打开线阿尔巴。轻轻外化膀胱，并使用 3-0 缝合线在膀胱中放置钱包串缝合线。使用编号 11 手术刀刀片在膀胱中切入大约 5 毫米的切口，并将尿导管插入膀胱。然后用水充气导管气球，然后用钱包串缝合固定气球，用第二个3-0缝合关闭腹部。为了准备心脏，将吸气率提高为1，并静脉注射8毫克的泛血。使用电烧机，在胸骨下切开内切，然后轻轻地从周围组织解剖胸骨。用摆动锯分割骨骼，并使用电烧减少出血。用骨蜡密封胸骨，并使用胸骨肋骨扩散器尽可能打开手术所需的胸部。使用剪刀和钳子，轻轻打开百分，用2-0缝合固定组织到皮肤上。轻轻解剖肺动脉和上升主动脉，并小心地将超声波流量探头放在两条动脉周围。使用 5-0 缝合线，在肺动脉中放置两个钱包串缝合线，并使用数字 11 手术刀刀片在钱包串之间进行大约 1 毫米缝合切口。在用缝合线固定导管之前，将米勒导管放入肺动脉中，并小心地夹紧左心肺附属物。使用 4-0 缝合线将两个钱包串缝合线放在中庭中，然后是一个小切口。将一条中央静脉线放入左中庭，然后用钱包串缝合线固定线。在心上开口上缝合无菌手套。然后使用电线进行胸封，然后按照标准程序用 3-0 缝合关闭皮肤。要测量血流动力学参数，请使用数据分析软件获得两分钟的主动脉和肺动脉流量测量，以及主动脉和肺动脉压力测量。要执行转心神经热化，请单击脉冲轮廓心脏输出系统二中的道明启动。然后在每个测量步骤将15毫升10摄氏度的盐水注射到血管静脉中央静脉的热敏管中三次进行热化，在每个转心神经热肺测量步骤后获得动脉、中央静脉和混合静脉血气样本。获得每个参数的基线测量后，将输液泵连接到中央静脉线，以每公斤胶体输液提供 5 毫克。经过五分钟的平衡后，开始另一个测量步骤，并继续体积加载和平衡步骤，直到达到平衡流体状态。要诱发急性呼吸窘迫综合征连续右心室功能障碍，首先增加吸入性氧率至5至8之间，必要时保持至少90%的外周毛细管氧饱和度，将油酸注入上级的道卡，使用 profuser 提供连续肾上腺素以保持血液动力学稳定，并提供必要的钙、镁和抗甲酸，以保持稳定的鼻窦节律。当达到轻度到中度急性呼吸窘迫时，测量所有与刚才证明相同的血动力参数。正如刚刚证明的，油酸输液会诱发轻度至中度急性呼吸窘迫，而强大的氧合指数下降也证明了这一点，同时，卡拳击血在统计学上显著增加。为了测量肺血管阻力以监测肺高血压，导管可以放置在左心房，因为肺动脉导管通过肺流量探头放置在肺动脉中可能会导致不正确的流量测量。一旦掌握，这项技术可以在五小时内完成，如果它执行得当。在尝试此程序时，管理油酸需要长达两个小时的时间非常重要，因为快速输送对血流动力学有严重的负面影响。开发后，该技术为ARDS和连续右心室功能障碍领域的研究人员探索适当的体积载量铺平了道路，并找到更好的治疗方法，在这些高发病率和死亡率疾病。不要忘记，与活的动物（如猪）一起工作需要道德认可，并且只有在绝对必要时才应进行，以便理解疾病的治疗。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

婴幼儿的脑代谢和血流动力学的非侵入式光学测量

Perinatal brain injury remains a significant cause of infant mortality  and morbidity, but there is not yet an effective bedside tool that can  accurately ...

科研

医学

Ferric Chloride-induced Canine Carotid Artery Thrombosis: A Large Animal Model of Vascular Injury

氯化铁诱导的犬颈动脉血栓形成: 一种大的血管损伤动物模型

Occlusive arterial thrombosis leading to cerebral ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction contributes to ~13 million deaths every year globally. Here, ...

Induction and Phenotyping of Acute Right Heart Failure in a Large Animal Model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压大型动物模型中急性右心衰竭的诱导和表型分析

The development of acute right heart failure (ARHF) in the context of chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with poor short-term outcomes. The ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

用线 Myography 测定小鼠肠系膜动脉的等轴收缩力

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment for the Right Ventricular System and Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mice

小鼠右心室系统及缺氧诱发肺动脉高血压的侵入性血液动力学评估

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and severe cardiopulmonary disorder. Mice are a popular animal model used to mimic this disease. ...

A Pre-clinical Rat Model for the Study of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Reconstructive Microsurgery

重建显微外科缺血再灌注损伤研究的临床前大鼠模型

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the main cause of flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery. The rat is the preferred preclinical animal model in many ...

Evaluation of Capnography Sampling Line Compatibility and Accuracy when Used with a Portable Capnography Monitor

与便携式刻度学监视器一起使用时，评估卡光采样线兼容性和准确性

Capnography is commonly used to monitor patient&#8217;s ventilatory status. While sidestream capnography has been shown to provide a reliable assessment ...

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

临时双性肾动脉闭塞的急性肾损伤大型动物模型

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with higher risk for morbidity and mortality post-operatively. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the most ...

A Rodent Model of The Ross Operation: Syngeneic Pulmonary Artery Graft Implantation in A Systemic Position

罗斯手术的啮齿动物模型：全身位置的同源肺动脉移植植入

The Ross operation for aortic valve disease has regained new interest due to its outstanding long-term results. Nonetheless, when employed as freestanding ...

Multiple Intravenous Bolus Dosing and Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment in a Hypoxia-Induced Mouse Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Model

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive life-threatening disease, primarily affecting small pulmonary arterioles of the lung. Currently, ...