Name: whole-mount confocal microscopy for adult ear skin: a model system to study neuro-vascular branching morphogenesis and immune cell distribution
Uploaded: 2018-03-29T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Whole-mount Confocal Microscopy for Adult Ear Skin: A Model System to Study Neuro-vascular Branching Morphogenesis and Immune Cell Distribution at JoVE.com

Vi takker K. Gill for laboratoriet forvaltningen og teknisk support, J. Hawkins og personale af National Institutes of Health (NIH) bygning 50 dyr facilitet for bistand med musen pleje, og R. Reed og F. Baldrey for administrativ bistand. Tak også til S. Motegi og M. Udey for at dele deres øre hud dissektion protokol, N. Burns for redaktionel hjælp, og medlemmer af laboratoriet for stamcelleforskning og Neuro-kar biologi for teknisk hjælp og tankevækkende diskussion. T. Yamazaki blev støttet af Japan-samfund til fremme af videnskab (JSP'ER) NIH-KAITOKU. Dette arbejde blev støttet af murene forskningsprogrammet National Heart, Lung og Blood Institute (HL005702-11 til Y.M.)

Alle eksperimenter i dette afsnit blev udført under godkendelse fra National Heart, Lung, og Blood Institute (NHLBI) dyrs pleje og brug udvalget.
1. voksen mus øre hud indsamling
<ol><li>Aflive voksne mus af kuldioxid (CO2) eksponering i et lukket kammer og derefter bekræfte eutanasi af cervikal dislokation. Bemærk: Eksperimentet følger National Institutes of Health (NIH) retningslinje for metoden eutanasi.</li>
	<li>Dissekere øre fra bunden og læg den i en 35 x 10 mm<su...

<ol>
	<li>Mukouyama, Y. S., Shin, D., Britsch, S., Taniguchi, M., Anderson, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensory+nerves+determine+the+pattern+of+arterial+differentiation+and+blood+vessel+branching+in+the+skin.">Sensory nerves determine the pattern of arterial differentiation and blood vessel branching in the skin.</a> Cell. 109, 693-705 (2002).</li><li>Mukouyama, Y. S., James, J., Nam, J., Uchida, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole-mount+confocal+microscopy+for+vascular+branching+morphogenesis.">Whole-mount confocal microscopy for vascular branching morphogenesis.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 843, 69-78 (2012).</li><li>Li, W., Mukouyama, Y. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole-mount+immunohistochemical+analysis+for+embryonic+limb+skin+vasculature:+a+model+system+to+study+vascular+branching+morphogenesis+in+embryo.">Whole-mount immunohistochemical analysis for embryonic limb skin vasculature: a model system to study vascular branching morphogenesis in embryo.</a> J Vis Exp. , (2011).</li><li>Yamazaki, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+Myeloid+Progenitors+Differentiate+into+Pericytes+through+TGF-beta+Signaling+in+Developing+Skin+Vasculature.">Tissue Myeloid Progenitors Differentiate into Pericytes through TGF-beta Signaling in Developing Skin Vasculature.</a> Cell Rep. 18, 2991-3004 (2017).</li><li>Mukouyama, Y. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vessel-dependent+recruitment+of+sympathetic+axons:+looking+for+innervation+in+all+the+right+places.">Vessel-dependent recruitment of sympathetic axons: looking for innervation in all the right places.</a> J Clin Invest. 124, 2855-2857 (2014).</li><li>Li, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peripheral+nerve-derived+CXCL12+and+VEGF-A+regulate+the+patterning+of+arterial+vessel+branching+in+developing+limb+skin.">Peripheral nerve-derived CXCL12 and VEGF-A regulate the patterning of arterial vessel branching in developing limb skin.</a> Dev Cell. 24, 359-371 (2013).</li><li>Chang, H., Wang, Y., Wu, H., Nathans, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flat+mount+imaging+of+mouse+skin+and+its+application+to+the+analysis+of+hair+follicle+patterning+and+sensory+axon+morphology.">Flat mount imaging of mouse skin and its application to the analysis of hair follicle patterning and sensory axon morphology.</a> J Vis Exp. , e51749 (2014).</li><li>Salz, L., Driskell, R. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Horizontal+Whole+Mount:+A+Novel+Processing+and+Imaging+Protocol+for+Thick,+Three-dimensional+Tissue+Cross-sections+of+Skin.">Horizontal Whole Mount: A Novel Processing and Imaging Protocol for Thick, Three-dimensional Tissue Cross-sections of Skin.</a> J Vis Exp. , (2017).</li><li>Liakath-Ali, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+skin+phenotypes+revealed+by+a+genome-wide+mouse+reverse+genetic+screen.">Novel skin phenotypes revealed by a genome-wide mouse reverse genetic screen.</a> Nat Commun. 5, 3540 (2014).</li><li>Gunawan, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+methyltransferase+Ezh2+controls+cell+adhesion+and+migration+through+direct+methylation+of+the+extranuclear+regulatory+protein+talin.">The methyltransferase Ezh2 controls cell adhesion and migration through direct methylation of the extranuclear regulatory protein talin.</a> Nat Immunol. 16, 505-516 (2015).</li><li>Avci, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+skin+disease+for+drug+discovery.">Animal models of skin disease for drug discovery.</a> Expert Opin Drug Dis. 8, 331-355 (2013).</li><li>Jin, H., He, R., Oyoshi, M., Geha, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+atopic+dermatitis.">Animal models of atopic dermatitis.</a> J Invest Dermatol. 129, 31-40 (2009).</li><li>Wagner, E. F., Schonthaler, H. B., Guinea-Viniegra, J., Tschachler, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Psoriasis:+what+we+have+learned+from+mouse+models.">Psoriasis: what we have learned from mouse models.</a> Nat Rev Rheumatol. 6, 704-714 (2010).</li><li>Nunan, R., Harding, K. G., Martin, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+challenges+of+chronic+wounds:+searching+for+an+optimal+animal+model+to+recapitulate+their+complexity.">Clinical challenges of chronic wounds: searching for an optimal animal model to recapitulate their complexity.</a> Dis Model Mech. 7, 1205-1213 (2014).</li><li>O'Brien, P. D., Sakowski, S. A., Feldman, E. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+models+of+diabetic+neuropathy.">Mouse models of diabetic neuropathy.</a> ILAR J. 54, 259-272 (2014).</li><li>Yamazaki, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole-Mount+Adult+Ear+Skin+Imaging+Reveals+Defective+Neuro-Vascular++Branching+Morphogenesis+in+Obese+and+Type+2+Diabetic+Mouse+Models.">Whole-Mount Adult Ear Skin Imaging Reveals Defective Neuro-Vascular Branching Morphogenesis in Obese and Type 2 Diabetic Mouse Models.</a> Sci Rep. 8, (2018).</li></ol>

Denne protokol beskriver hele-mount immunonohistochemical billeddannelse af voksen øre hud til analyse af neuro-vaskulære strukturer og immun celle distribution. Vi mener, at denne metode har mange eksperimentelle fordele for forskere at studere forgrening morfogenese og mønstre af perifere nerver og blodkar, og tre-dimensionelle distribution af hud komponenter omfatter immunceller og hår follikler. Resultaterne af imaging kan kvantificeres ved hjælp af billedbehandling software for yderligere kvantitative analyser....

Huden består af tre lag: epidermis, dermis og hypodermis. Det har været brugt som et modelsystem til at undersøge stamceller vedligeholdelse, differentiering og morfogenese i udvikling såvel som regenerering, tumordannelse og betændelse i voksen. Huden er rigt vaskulariserede og innerveres sådan, at udviklingen af perifere nervesystem og vaskulære system er velkoordineret.
Vi har tidligere påvist en helhed-mount embryonale hud imaging teknik med flere mærkning for at studere intakt perifere nerver og blodkar, herunder deres cellulære komponenter1,2,3, 4: sensoriske axoner, sympatiske axoner, Schwann celler i nerver, endotelceller, pericytes og vaskulære glatte muskelceller (VSMCs) i blodkarrene. Under angiogenese, en primær kapillære netværk gennemgår intensiv vaskulære remodellering og udvikler sig til en hierarkisk vaskulære forgrenede netværk. I udvikle dermis/hypodermis, arterier gren sammen med perifere sensoriske nerver og blodårer derefter danne støder op til arterierne. Efter det hierarkiske vaskulære netværk er grundigt dækket med VSMCs, sympatiske nerver udvide langs og innerverer stor diameter blodkar1,5,6. Trods betydning i den tæt tilknytning mellem de udvikle nerve- og vaskulære systems, har en store spørgsmål været at løse, hvad der sker med de neuro-vaskulære netværk i forskellige patologiske situationer hos voksne. En tre-dimensionel høj opløsning imaging er nødvendigt at værdsætte patogenese, sammen med anatomisk genkendelige forgrening morfogenese og mønstre.
Neuronal og vaskulære morfogenese i voksen mus huden er almindeligvis analyseret af væv afsnit farvning. Andre undersøgelser har brugt hele-mount billeddannelse af huden til at visualisere de perifere nerver og blodkar, hårsække, sebaceous kirtel og arrector pili muskler7,8,9. Tykkelsen af voksne hud har imidlertid gjort det vanskeligt at analysere huden over sin hele dybde.
I den foreliggende undersøgelse udviklede vi en roman med høj opløsning hele-mount billeddannelse af voksen øre huden til at overvinde disse udfordringer. Øre hud er let tilgængelige for dissektion og efterfølgende hele-mount billeddannelse af huden over sin hele dybde. Det er således en ligetil og meget reproducerbar metode, der kan anvendes til at sammenligne tre-dimensionelle arkitektur af perifere nerve- og vaskulære systems i huden, med omfattende kvantificering målinger. Vi viste, at justeringen af perifere sensoriske og sympatiske nerver med stor diameter blodkar er bevaret i den voksne hud. Målet med denne protokol er at visualisere forgrening morfogenese og mønstre af perifere nerver samt blodkar og immun celle distribution på et celleniveau i voksen musemodeller i forskellige sygdomme som betændelse og regenerering.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>10 x Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td>KD Medical</td>
			<td>RGE-3210</td>
			<td>PBS, without Ca2+/Mg2+</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hank&#8217;s Balanced Salt Solution</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14025-092</td>
			<td>HBSS, with Ca2+/Mg2+</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>16% Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>15710</td>
			<td>PFA, fixative, diluted in PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>X100</td>
			<td>Detergent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal goat serum</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>16210064</td>
			<td>Component of blocking/washing buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal donkey serum</td>
			<td>Jackson Immuno research</td>
			<td>017-000-121</td>
			<td>Component of blocking/washing buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curved fine tweezers</td>
			<td>Dumont</td>
			<td>RS-5047</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curved tweezers</td>
			<td>Integra Miltex Vantage</td>
			<td>V918-782, V918-784</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filter Unit 0.45 mm</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>157-0045</td>
			<td>For filtration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL syringe</td>
			<td>Coviden</td>
			<td>8881501400</td>
			<td>For filtration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe filter Unit 0.22 mm</td>
			<td>Millex-GV</td>
			<td>SLGVR04NL</td>
			<td>For filtration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ProLong Gold</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>P36934</td>
			<td>Anti-fade mounting medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nail Polish</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>72180</td>
			<td>For sealing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>MZ95</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>TCS SP5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Photoshop CC 2017</td>
			<td>Adobe</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Graphics editor software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Illustrator CC 2017</td>
			<td>Adobe</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Graphics editor software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Image J</td>
			<td>NIH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Image processing software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-PECAM-1 (CD31) antibody</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB1398Z</td>
			<td>Hamster IgG, vascular endothelial cell marker, 1:300</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-PECAM-1 (CD31) antibody</td>
			<td>BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td>553369</td>
			<td>Rat IgG2a kappa, vascular endothelial cell marker, 1:300</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-aSMA antibody conjugated with cy-3</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C6198</td>
			<td>Mouse IgG2a, vascular smooth muscle cell marker, 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-EphB1 antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>sc-9319</td>
			<td>Goat polyclonal, venous endothelial cell marker, 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-neuron-specific Class III b-tubulin (Tuj1)</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>AB18207</td>
			<td>Tuj1, Rabbit polyclonal IgG, pan-axonal marker, 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Tuj1 antibody</td>
			<td>Covance</td>
			<td>MMS-435P</td>
			<td>Mouse IgG2a, pan-axonal marker, 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-MBP antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>AB40390</td>
			<td>Rabbit polyclonal IgG, myelination marker, 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase antibody</td>
			<td>Chemicon</td>
			<td>AB152</td>
			<td>Rabbit polyclonal, sympathetic neuron marker, 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Peripherin antibody</td>
			<td>Chemicon</td>
			<td>AB1530</td>
			<td>Rabbit polyclonal, peripheral neuron marker, 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-CD11b antibody</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>MCA74G</td>
			<td>Rat IgG2b, inflammatory cell marker (macrophages), 1:50</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-CD45 antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-0451-85</td>
			<td>Rat IgG2b kappa, pan-hematopoietic cell marker, 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-CD3 antibody</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>MCA1477T</td>
			<td>Rat IgG1, immune cell marker, 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-CD45R (B220) antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-0452</td>
			<td>Rat IgG2a kappa, inflammatory cell marker, 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-GFP antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A11122</td>
			<td>Rabbit polyclonal, 1:300</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-GFP antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>Ab13970</td>
			<td>Chicken polyclonal, 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-b-gal antibody</td>
			<td>Cappel</td>
			<td>55976</td>
			<td>Rabbit polyclonal, 1:5000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-RFP antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>Ab62341</td>
			<td>Rabbit polyclonal, 1:300</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Alexa 488</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A11034</td>
			<td>Rabbit polyclonal secondary antibody, 1:250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-hamster IgG (H+L) Alexa 647</td>
			<td>Jackson Immuno research</td>
			<td>127-605-160</td>
			<td>Hamster polyclonal secondary antibody, 1:250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-rat IgG (H+L) Alexa 594</td>
			<td>Jackson Immuno research</td>
			<td>112-585-167</td>
			<td>Rat polyclonal secondary antibody, 1:250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-mouse IgG2a Alexa 633</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A21136</td>
			<td>Mouse IgG2a secondary antibody, 1:250</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

whole-mount confocal microscopy for adult ear skin: a model system to study neuro-vascular branching morphogenesis and immune cell distribution

Vi præsenterer her, en protokol af en helhed-mount voksen øre hud imaging teknik til at studere omfattende tre-dimensionelle neuro-kar forgrening morfogenese og mønstre samt immun celle distribution på et cellulært niveau. Analyse af perifere nerve og blodkar anatomiske strukturer i voksent væv giver nogle indsigt i forståelsen af funktionelle neuro-kar ledningsnet og neuro-kar degeneration i patologiske tilstande såsom sårheling. Som en yderst informativ modelsystem, har vi fokuseret vores undersøgelser på voksne øre hud, som er lettilgængelig for dissektion. Vores enkle og reproducerbare protokollen giver en præcis skildring af de cellulære komponenter i hele huden, såsom perifere nerver (sensoriske axoner, sympatiske axoner og Schwann celler), blodkar (endotel celler og vaskulære glatte muskelceller ), og inflammatoriske celler. Vi mener, at denne protokol vil bane vejen for undersøge morfologiske abnormiteter i perifere nerver og blodkar og betændelse i huden, voksen øre under forskellige patologiske tilstande.

Voksen mus posterior øre hud (figur 1A) og anterior øre hud (figur 1B) var immunostained med antistoffer mod αSMA (rød), Tuj1 (grøn), og PECAM-1 (blå). Posterior hud blev immunostained at studere neuro-immune distribution ved hjælp af antistoffer mod CD11b (rød) og MBP er (grøn), sammen med Tuj1 (blå) (figur 2A). Distribution af CD11b+ inflammatoriske celler, herunder makrofager ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Whole-mount Confocal Microscopy for Adult Ear Skin: A Model System to Study Neuro-vascular Branching Morphogenesis and Immune Cell Distribution at JoVE.com

Whole-mount Confocal Microscopy for Adult Ear Skin: A Model System to Study Neuro-vascular Branching Morphogenesis and Immune Cell Distribution

Her, beskriver vi en høj opløsning hele-mount billedmetoden i hele voksen mus øre hud, hvilket gør det muligt at visualisere forgrening morfogenese og mønstre af perifere nerver samt blodkar og immun celle distribution.

Hele-mount Konfokal mikroskopi for voksne øre hud: et modelsystem til at studere Neuro-kar forgrening morfogenese og immun celle Distribution

Here, we present a protocol of a whole-mount adult ear skin imaging technique to study comprehensive three-dimensional neuro-vascular branching ...

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The post-implantation mouse embryo undergoes major shape changes after the initiation of gastrulation and morphogenesis. A hallmark of morphogenesis is ...

An In Vitro Model of a Parallel-Plate Perfusion System to Study Bacterial Adherence to Graft Tissues

An In Vitro Model of a Parallel-Plate Perfusion System to Study Bacterial Adherence to Graft Tissues

En In Vitro Model af en Parallel-plade Perfusion System at studere bakteriel tilslutning til at pode væv

Various valved conduits and stent-mounted valves are used for right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) valve replacement in patients with congenital heart ...

Analysis of Cardiac Chamber Development During Mouse Embryogenesis Using Whole Mount Epifluorescence

Analyse af hjerte kammer udvikling under musen embryogenese bruger hele bjerget epifluorescensmikroskop

The goal of this protocol is to describe a method for the dissection of mouse embryos and visualization of embryonic mouse ventricular chambers during ...

A Layered Mounting Method for Extended Time-Lapse Confocal Microscopy of Whole Zebrafish Embryos

En lagdelt monteringsmetode til forlænget tidsforskudt Konfokal mikroskopi af hele Zebrafish-embryoner

Dynamics of development can be followed by confocal time-lapse microscopy of live transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing fluorescence in specific tissues ...

Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridization in Zebrafish Embryos and Tube Formation Assay in iPSC-ECs to Study the Role of Endoglin in Vascular Development

Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridization i Zebrafish Embryoner og Tube Formation Assay i iPSC-ECs at studere den rolle, Endoglin i vaskulær udvikling

Vascular development is determined by the sequential expression of specific genes, which can be studied by performing in situ hybridization assays in ...