Name: near-infrared temperature measurement technique for water surrounding an induction-heated small magnetic sphere
Uploaded: 2018-04-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere at JoVE.com

Forfatterne takke Mr. Kenta Yamada, Mr. Ryota Fujioka og Mr. Mizuki Kyoda for deres støtte til eksperimenter og data analyser. Dette arbejde blev støttet af JSP'ER KAKENHI Grant nummer 25630069, Suzuki Foundation, og præcis måling teknologi Promotion Foundation, Japan.

1. eksperimentel opsætning og procedurer
Forberede en optisk jernbane til at montere en prøve og optik for NIR imaging som følger.
<ol><li>
Forberedelse af prøver. Bemærk: Når du bruger vand eller vandige væske, gøre trin 1.1.1. Når du bruger en vandig gel med høj viskositet, gøre trin 1.1.2.<ol>
<li>Stål kugle indstilling i vand.<ol>
<li>Lave en 2.0-mm-diameter stål kugle til slutningen af en tynd plastik streng ved hjælp af en lille mængde lim.</li>
			<l...

<ol>
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O., Kvalheim, O. M., Christy, A. A., Toft, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spectra+of+water+in+the+near-+and+mid-infrared+region.">Spectra of water in the near- and mid-infrared region.</a> Vib Spectrosc. 7, 243-254 (1994).</li><li>Siesler, H. W., Ozaki, Y., Kawata, S., Heise, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Near-Infared Spectroscopy. , (2002).</li><li>Shakher, C., Nirala, A. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+on+refractive+index+and+temperature+profile+measurements+using+laser-based+interferometric+techniques.">A review on refractive index and temperature profile measurements using laser-based interferometric techniques.</a> Opt Laser Eng. 31, 455-491 (1999).</li><li>Assebana, A., Lallemanda, M., Saulniera, J. -. B., Fominb, N., Lavinskaja, E., Merzkirchc, W., Vitkinc, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Digital+speckle+photography+and+speckle+tomography+in+heat+transfer+studies.">Digital speckle photography and speckle tomography in heat transfer studies.</a> Opt Laser Technol. 32, 583-592 (2000).</li><li>Ambrosini, D., Paoletti, D., Spagnolo, S. 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Teknikken præsenteret i dette papir er en roman, en ved hjælp af temperatur afhængighed af NIR absorption af vand og præsenterer ingen betydelige problemer med at oprette de nødvendige udstyr og gennemførelse. Det indfaldende lys kan nemt fremstilles ved hjælp af en halogenlampe og en NBPF. Dog bruges ikke lasere, fordi sammenhængende indblanding mønstre ville blive vist på billederne. Almindelige optiske linser og glas celler til synligt lys brug kan bruges, som de sender et passende beløb af lys ved λ</...

En teknik til at måle temperatur nær en lille varmekilde i et medium er påkrævet i mange videnskabelige forskningsområder og ansøgninger. Eksempelvis i forskning på magnetisk hypertermi, hvilket er en kræft behandling metode via elektromagnetisk induktion af magnetiske partikler eller små magnetiske spillebrikker, er det kritisk at præcist at forudsige de temperatur distributioner genereret af den magnetiske partikler1,2. Men selv om mikroovn3,4, ultralyd5,6,7,8, optoacoustic9, Raman10og magnetisk resonans11 ,12-baseret temperatur måling teknikker har været forsket og udviklet, sådan en indre temperaturfordelingen ikke kan måles præcist i øjeblikket. Hidtil, er single-position temperaturer eller temperaturer på et par positioner blevet målt via temperaturfølere, som for induktion varme, er ikke-magnetisk optisk fiber temperatur sensorer13,14. Alternativt, overfladetemperaturer medier er fjernt målt via infrarød stråling termometre til at anslå den indre temperaturer14. Men når et medium, der indeholder en lille varmekilde er et vand-lag eller en ikke-grumset vandigt medium, vi har vist, at en nær-infrarødt (NIR) absorption teknik er nyttig til at måle temperaturer15,16, 17,18,19. Dette paper præsenterer detaljerede protokollen af denne teknik og repræsentative resultater.
NIR absorption teknik er baseret på princippet om temperatur afhængighed af bands, absorption af vand i regionen NIR. Som er vist i figur 1a, ν1 + ν2 + ν3 absorption band af er vand observeret i 1100-nm til 1250-nm bølgelængde (λ) rækkevidde og Skift til kortere bølgelængder som temperaturen øger19. Her, ν1 + ν2 + ν3 betyder, at dette bånd svarer til kombinationen af de tre grundlæggende O-H vibrationer tilstande: symmetrisk stretching (ν1), bøjning (ν 2), og antisymmetriske stretching (ν3)20,21. Denne ændring i spektret angiver, at den mest temperatur-følsomme bølgelængde i bandet λ ≈ 1150 nm. Andre absorption bands af vand også udviser samme adfærd med hensyn til temperatur15,16,17,18,20,21. Ν1 + ν3 bånds vand observeret inden for rækkevidde λ = 1350−1500 nm og dens temperatur afhængighed er vist i figur 1b. Ν1 + ν3 bånds vand er 1412 nm mest temperatur-følsomme bølgelængde. Det er således muligt at opnå todimensionale (2D) temperatur billeder ved hjælp af en NIR kamera hen til fange 2D absorbans billeder ved λ = 1150 eller 1412 nm. Som absorptionskoefficienten vand ved λ = 1150 nm er mindre end at ved λ = 1412 nm, den tidligere bølgelængde er velegnet til ca 10 mm tyk vandige medier, mens sidstnævnte er velegnet for ca 1 mm tyk. For nylig, ved hjælp af λ = 1150 nm, vi opnåede temperatur-distributioner i en 10 mm tyk vandet lag indeholdende en induktion-opvarmet diameter på 1 mm stål kugle19. Derudover temperatur-distributioner i en 0,5 mm tyk vandet lag er blevet målt ved hjælp af λ = 1412 nm15,17.
En fordel at NIR-baserede temperaturen imaging teknik er, at det er nemt at opsætte og implementere da det er en metode til måling af transmission-absorption og brug ikke fluorophore, fosfor eller anden termisk sonde. Derudover er beslutningen temperatur mindre end 0,2 K15,17,19. Sådan en god temperatur beslutning kan ikke opfyldes af andre transmission teknikker baseret på interferometri, som ofte har været brugt i varme og masse overførsel undersøgelser22,23,24. Vi bemærker imidlertid, at NIR-baserede temperaturen imaging teknik er ikke egnet i tilfælde med betydelige lokale temperaturforandringer, fordi afbøjning af lys forårsaget af den store temperaturgradient bliver dominerende19. Denne sag er nævnt i dette papir med hensyn til praktisk brug.
Dette papir beskriver eksperimentel opsætning og procedure for NIR-baseret temperatur imaging teknik til en lille magnetisk kugle opvarmet via induktion; Derudover præsenterer resultaterne af to repræsentative 2D absorbans billeder. Et billede er af en diameter på 2,0 mm stål kugle i en 10,0 mm tyk vandet lag, der er fanget ved λ = 1150 nm. Det andet billede er af en diameter på 0,5 mm stål kugle i en 2,0 mm tyk maltose sirup lag, der er fanget ved λ = 1412 nm. Dette paper præsenterer også beregningsmetode og resultaterne af den tre-dimensionelle (3D) radial distribution af temperatur ved at anvende inverse Abel transformering (IAT) 2D absorbans billeder. IAT er gyldig, når et 3D temperaturfordelingen antages for at være sfærisk symmetriske som i tilfælde af en opvarmet sfære (figur 2)19. For beregningen IAT er en multi-Gaussisk funktion montering metode ansat her, fordi IATs af Gaussisk funktion kan opnås analytisk25,26,27,28,29 og passer godt til monoton faldende data; Dette omfatter eksperimenter beskæftiger termisk overledning fra en enkelt varmekilde.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:727px;" width="727">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:233px;">Induction heating system</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">CEIA, Italy</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SPW900/56</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">780 kHz, 5.6 kW (max).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:233px;">Coil</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">SA-Japan</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">custom</td>
			<td>Water-cooled copper tube; two-turn; outer dia. 28 mm.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:233px;">Water chiller</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Matsumoto Kikai, Japan</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MP-401CT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:233px;">Halogen lamp</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Hayashi Watch-Works, Japan</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">LA-150UE-A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:233px;">Narrow bandpass filter for &#955; = 1150 nm</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Andover</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">115FS10-25</td>
			<td>Full width at half-maximum (FWHM): 10 nm.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:233px;">Narrow bandpass filter for &#955; = 1412 nm</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Andover</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">semi-custom</td>
			<td>Full width at half-maximum (FWHM): 10 nm.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:233px;">Bandpass filter for &#955; = 850&#8722;1300 nm</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Spectrogon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SP-1300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:233px;">Bandpass filter for &#955; = 1100&#8722;2000 nm</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Spectrogon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SP-2000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:233px;">NIR camera</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">FLIR Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Alpha NIR</td>
			<td>InGaAs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:233px;">Image acquisition software</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">FLIR Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">IRvista</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:233px;">Image processing software</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">NIH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ImageJ</td>
			<td>ver. 1.51r</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:233px;">Image processing software</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">MathWorks</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Matlab</td>
			<td>ver. 2016a</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:233px;">Telecentric lens</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Edmond Optics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">55350-L</td>
			<td>X1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:233px;">Steel sphere (0.5 mm dia.)</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Kobe Steel, Japan</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Fe-1.5Cr-1.0C-0.4Mn (wt %)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:233px;">Steel sphere (2.0 mm dia.)</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Kobe Steel, Japan</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Fe-1.5Cr-1.0C-0.4Mn (wt %)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:233px;">Maltose syrup as aqueous gel</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Sonton, Japan</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Mizuame</td>
			<td>Food product</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

near-infrared temperature measurement technique for water surrounding an induction-heated small magnetic sphere

En teknik til at måle temperaturen i vandet og ikke-grumset vandige medier omkring en induktion-opvarmet små magnetiske kugle er præsenteret. Denne teknik anvender bølgelængder af 1150 og 1412 nm, hvormed absorptionskoefficient vand er afhængig af temperaturen. Vand eller en ikke-grumset vandig gel indeholder en 2,0 mm - eller 0,5 mm-diameter magnetisk kugle er bestrålet med 1150 nm eller 1412 nm indfaldende lys, som valgte ved hjælp af en smal bandpass filter; Derudover er to-dimensionelle absorbans billeder, som er de tværgående fremskrivninger af absorptionskoefficienten, erhvervet via en nær-infrarødt kamera. Når de tre-dimensionelle fordelinger af temperatur kan antages for at være sfærisk symmetriske, anslås de ved at anvende inverse Abel forvandler absorbans profiler. Temperaturerne blev observeret konsekvent ændre tid og induktion varme strøm.

Billeder af ΔAjeg(x, z) ved λ = 1150 nm for en 2.0-mm-diameter stål kugle i vand og ved λ = 1412 nm for en diameter på 0,5 mm stål kugle i maltose sirup er præsenteret i figur 5en og Figur 6en, henholdsvis. I begge tilfælde var området beliggende 12 mm under bunden af spolen langs den centrale akse. Figur 5</st...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere at JoVE.com

Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere

En teknik, udnytte bølgelængder af 1150 og 1412 nm til at måle temperaturen i vandet omkring en induktion-opvarmet små magnetiske kugle er præsenteret.

Nær-infrarød temperatur måling teknik til vand omkring en induktion-opvarmet små magnetiske kugle

A technique to measure the temperature of water and non-turbid aqueous media surrounding an induction-heated small magnetic sphere is presented. This ...

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