Name: isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles from adult schistosoma japonicum
Uploaded: 2018-05-22T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Adult Schistosoma japonicum at JoVE.com

Questo studio è stato, in parte o in toto, supportati da National Natural Science Foundation of China (31472187 e 31672550) e The Agricultural Science e Technology Innovation Program dell'Accademia cinese delle scienze agrarie.

Tutti gli esperimenti sugli animali sono stati approvati dal comitato etico locale dell'Istituto di ricerca veterinaria di Shanghai, Accademia cinese delle scienze agricole (permesso numero: SHVRIAU-14-0101).
1. cultura in Vitro di Schistosomes
Nota: Schistosomes rappresentano un rischio biologico. I lavoratori devono indossare guanti in lattice a tutti volte quando correlate a handling vermi, sospensioni schistosomal o altr...

<ol>
	<li>Tetta, C., Ghigo, E., Silengo, L., Deregibus, M. C., Camussi, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracellular+vesicles+as+an+emerging+mechanism+of+cell-to-cell+communication.">Extracellular vesicles as an emerging mechanism of cell-to-cell communication.</a> Endocrine. 44 (1), 11-19 (2013).</li><li>Abels, E. R., Breakefield, X. 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H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exosomes+secreted+by+nematode+parasites+transfer+small+RNAs+to+mammalian+cells+and+modulate+innate+immunity.">Exosomes secreted by nematode parasites transfer small RNAs to mammalian cells and modulate innate immunity.</a> Nat Commun. 5, 5488 (2014).</li><li>Sotillo, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracellular+vesicles+secreted+by+Schistosoma+mansoni+contain+protein+vaccine+candidates.">Extracellular vesicles secreted by Schistosoma mansoni contain protein vaccine candidates.</a> Int J Parasitol. 46 (1), 1-5 (2016).</li><li>Nowacki, F. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+and+small+non-coding+RNA-enriched+extracellular+vesicles+are+released+by+the+pathogenic+blood+fluke+Schistosoma+mansoni.">Protein and small non-coding RNA-enriched extracellular vesicles are released by the pathogenic blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni.</a> J Extracell Vesicles. 4, 28665 (2015).</li><li>Wang, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exosome-like+vesicles+derived+by+Schistosoma+japonicum+adult+worms+mediates+M1+type+immune-+activity+of+macrophage.">Exosome-like vesicles derived by Schistosoma japonicum adult worms mediates M1 type immune- activity of macrophage.</a> Parasitol Res. 114 (5), 1865-1873 (2015).</li><li>Koh, Y. Q., Almughlliq, F. B., Vaswani, K., Peiris, H. N., Mitchell, M. 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Studi recenti su EVs hanno dimostrato quel schistosome che EVS svolgono un ruolo importante nelle interazioni ospite-patogeno3,9,12,16. Per affrontare altre loro funzioni di regolamentazione, è essenziale per isolare SVE da schistosomes. Qui, descriviamo un metodo alternativo per l'isolamento di SjEV. Questo metodo restituisce una dimensione vasta gamma di SjEVs, da 100 nm a 400 nm, in adulto ...

Vescicole extracellulari (EVs) sono una popolazione di piccole vescicole di membrana-limitano incapsulato con varie proteine, lipidi e acidi nucleici. Studi recenti hanno dimostrato che EVs svolgono un ruolo cruciale nella comunicazione cellula-cellula e sono coinvolti nella regolazione di numerosi processi fisiologici, tra cui lo sviluppo delle cellule, regolazione immunitaria, angiogenesi e cella migrazione2, 3,4,5. Raccogliendo la prova indica che EVs, circolazione esosomi e loro carico di miRNA rappresenta potenziali biomarcatori di determinate malattie6.
Alcuni protozoi quali Trichomonas vaginalis, Trypanosoma cruzie Leishmania spp., hanno dimostrato di essere in grado di secernere EVs; elminti inoltre sono stati trovati per secernere EVs in vita ospita7. EVs parassita sono stati indicati per essere coinvolti nel mantenimento dell'infezione, patogenicità8e9di regolazione immunitaria. Recenti studi in schistosomes entrambi Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) 10,11 e S. japonicum12 hanno indicato che adulti schistosomes secernono esosomi-come vescicole che possono essere coinvolto nei regolamenti funzionali di specifici processi biologici.
Ad oggi, sono stati utilizzati diversi metodi per isolare le vescicole extracellulari, quali ultracentrifugazione, ultrafiltrazione13, l'uso di reagenti a base di polimeri, cromatografia di esclusione dimensionale e l'isolamento di immunoaffinità. Questi metodi differenti possiedono i propri vantaggi e limitazioni14. Generalmente, ultracentrifugazione è considerato il metodo gold standard per l'isolamento delle vescicole. Tuttavia, questo metodo soffre dalla limitazione del potenziale di aggregazione EV14.
In schistosomes, sono stati segnalati un paio di metodi per l'isolamento di EV: questi includono ultracentrifugazione11,12,10 e l'uso di kit commerciali isolamento di EV16 per diverse fasi (uova16, schistosomula11, schistosomes adulto10,12,17). Dato che microvescicole sono di una vasta gamma di dimensioni da diverse centinaia di nanometri a mille nanometri, abbiamo sviluppato un metodo alternativo che si combina con l'uso della centrifuga di panca, ultrafiltrazione e un kit di isolamento commerciale EV per isolare lo SVE da adulto Schistosoma japonicum. Lo SVE isolato in genere ha posseduto un diametro di 100-400 nm e con successo sono stato interiorizzato dalle cellule del destinatario.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:1161px;" width="1160">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;width:459px;">Material</td>
			<td style="width:196px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td style="width:319px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:459px;">Total Exosome Isolation Reagent (from cell culture media)</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">ThermoFisher SCIENTIFIC</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">4478359</td>
			<td style="width:319px;">For isolating S. japonicum extracellular vesicles</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:459px;">PKH67</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">MINI67</td>
			<td style="width:319px;">For labeling Evs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="27">
			<td height="27" style="height:27px;">RPMI 1640 Medium</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">ThermoFisher SCIENTIFIC</td>
			<td>11875119</td>
			<td>For parasite culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">ThermoFisher SCIENTIFIC</td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;">0.22&#956;m syringe filter</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Merck</td>
			<td>SLGP033RB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;">SnakeSkin Dialysis Tubing</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo SCIENTIFIC</td>
			<td>68035</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:32px;">PEG8000</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sangon Biotech</td>
			<td>A100159&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;">RIPA</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Beyotime</td>
			<td>P0013B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;">EMD Millipore&#8482; Immobilon&#8482; Western Chemiluminescent HRP Substrate (ECL)</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Fisher scientific</td>
			<td>WBKLS0100&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;">DAPI</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td>4083</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;">BCA kit</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Beyotime</td>
			<td>P0010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;">CD63 antibodies</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sangon Biotech</td>
			<td>D160973-0025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;">PVDF</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1704273</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;">Formvar/Carbon 400 mesh</td>
			<td>Ted Pella</td>
			<td>01754-F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;">Phosphotungstic Acid</td>
			<td>Ted Pella</td>
			<td>19402</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="36">
			<td height="36" style="height:36px;">anti-mouse IgG-HRP</td>
			<td>CWBIO</td>
			<td>CW0102</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="37">
			<td height="37" style="height:37px;width:459px;">NCTC clone 1469 cells</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">ATCC&#174; CCL-9.1&#8482;</td>
			<td style="width:319px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="37">
			<td height="37" style="height:37px;width:459px;">FBS</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">HyClone</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">SV30087.02</td>
			<td style="width:319px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;width:459px;">Equipments</td>
			<td style="width:196px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td style="width:319px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;">GE chemoluminescance imaging system</td>
			<td>GE</td>
			<td>ImageQuant LAS4000mini</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;">Transmission electron microscopy</td>
			<td>Hitachi</td>
			<td>H-7600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;">Milli-Q water</td>
			<td>Milli-Q</td>
			<td>Milli-Q Elix</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;">Eppendor Centrifuge&#160;</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>Centrifuge 5804R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;">Zetasizer Nano</td>
			<td>Malvern</td>
			<td>Zetasizer Nano ZS&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;">Ultracentrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Beckman</td>
			<td colspan="2">Optima L-100 XP Ultracentrifuge</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;">Incubator</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">ESCO</td>
			<td>CCL-107B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="27">
			<td height="27" style="height:27px;">Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td>Zeiss Axin Observer Z1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles from adult schistosoma japonicum

Vescicole extracellulari (EVs) sono membranose vescicole rilasciate da una varietà di cellule nel microambiente extracellulare. SVE rappresentano una popolazione di vescicole eterogenee, cui intervallo di grandezza tra 40 e 1.000 nm. Prove accumulate indicavano che EVs svolgere ruoli importanti regolatori in interazioni ospite-patogeno. Una profonda comprensione di schistosome EVs dovrebbe fornire i meccanismi alla base di interazioni di schistosome-ospite, che permette lo sviluppo di nuove strategie contro la schistosomiasi: intuizioni. Qui, ci proponiamo di studiare ulteriormente funzioni di EVs in schistosomes presentando un protocollo per l'isolamento e la caratterizzazione del SVE da adulto Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum). SVE sono state isolate da in vitro mezzo di coltura mediante centrifugazione combinato con un kit di isolamento commerciale esosomi. L' isolato S. japonicum EVs (SjEVs) in genere possiedono un diametro di 100-400 nm e sono caratterizzate da microscopia elettronica di trasmissione e western blotting. L'utilizzo di PKH67 tingere-contrassegnati SjEVs ha dimostrato che SjEVs sono interiorizzati dalle cellule del destinatario. Nel complesso, il nostro protocollo fornisce un metodo alternativo per isolare SVE da adulto schistosomes; il SjEVs isolato può essere adatto per l'analisi funzionale.

Per quantificare il rendimento di SjEVs isolato utilizzando il protocollo descritto, abbiamo usato l'analisi della proteina di BCA per accedere la concentrazione nella proteina del SjEVs isolato da schistosomes adulto 28 giorni. Come illustrato nella tabella 1, la concentrazione di proteina SjEV ha variata da 208 µ g a 250 µ g / 100 mL di terreno (tabella 1). La dimensione delle particelle, come determinato mediante analisi di nanoparticelle di Malvern,...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Adult Schistosoma japonicum at JoVE.com

Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Adult Schistosoma japonicum

Isolamento e caratterizzazione di vescicole extracellulari da adulto Schistosoma japonicum

Qui, presentiamo un protocollo per descrivere isolamento di vescicole extracellulari (SVE) nel mezzo di coltura in vitro da adulto Schistosoma japonicum.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released by a variety of cells into the extracellular microenvironment. EVs represent a population of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Adult Schistosoma japonicum

Cercarial Transformation and in vitro Cultivation of Schistosoma mansoni Schistosomules

Cercarial Transformation and in vitro Cultivation of Schistosoma mansoni Schistosomules

Trasformazione e cercarie In vitro La coltivazione di Schistosoma mansoni Schistosomules

Schistosome parasites are the causative agents of schistosomiasis, a chronically debilitating disease that affects over 200 million people globally and ...

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Obesity promotes a chronic inflammatory state that is largely mediated by tissue-resident macrophages as well as monocyte-derived macrophages. ...