Name: three-dimensional organotypic cultures of vestibular and auditory sensory organs
Uploaded: 2018-06-01T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-dimensional Organotypic Cultures of Vestibular and Auditory Sensory Organs at JoVE.com

Ringraziamo il dottor A. Jacobo, Dr. J. Salvi e r. Petelski per i loro contributi alla ricerca originale su cui si basa questo protocollo. Ringraziamo anche i lama J. e W. Makmura per assistenza tecnica e la zootecnia. Riconosciamo la sovvenzione NIDCD formazione DC009975 T32, NIDCD concedere R01DC015530, fondo di sviluppo terapeutico Robertson e il fondamento della famiglia Caruso per il finanziamento. Infine, riconosciamo supporto da Howard Hughes Medical Institute, di cui il Dr. Hudspeth è un investigatore.

Tutti i metodi descritti qui sono stati approvati dalla cura degli animali e uso comitati della Rockefeller University e della University of Southern California.
1. (opzionale) preparazione di collagene soluzione da tendini di vista
Nota: Collagene sono soluzioni sono disponibili in commercio. Seguire le istruzioni del produttore per la preparazione del gel.
<ol><li>Eutanasia: 5-10 topi di giovane adulto (3-5 settimane) di qualsiasi ceppo di tipo ...

<ol>
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I segnali molecolari che mediano crescita e differenziazione dell'orecchio interno durante lo sviluppo sono stati studiati estesamente5,6,7,8,9,10. Tuttavia, le prove ottenute dal sistema utricular modello suggeriscono che meccanici spunti, percepiti attraverso giunzioni delle cellule e l'attivazione di segnalazione Hippo, an...

Lo studio della maggior parte degli aspetti dello sviluppo dei mammiferi dell'organo è stato facilitato dai sistemi in vitro . Due metodi principali sono ora utilizzati per la coltura di organi sensoriali vestibolari: digalleggiante1 e aderente2 preparazioni. Entrambi i metodi consentono l'indagine della cellula ciliata vulnerabilità3 e rigenerazione1,4 in vitro. Inoltre, hanno i ruoli inerenti allo sviluppo della tacca5,6, Wnt7,8e fattore di crescita epidermico del recettore (EGFR)9,10 segnalazione cascades nell'orecchio interno stata stabilita, in parte, attraverso l'uso di colture in vitro di epiteli sensoriali. Tuttavia, la differenziazione e la crescita delle cellule sono controllati, non solo attraverso la segnalazione di morfogeni, ma anche attraverso segnali fisici e meccanici, ad esempio Contatti intercellulari, la rigidità della matrice extracellulare e stretching meccanico o costrizione. Il ruolo di tali stimoli meccanici è difficile da indagare nel orecchio interno in via di sviluppo in vivo. Inoltre, metodi esistenti di cultura digalleggiante ed aderente non sono adatti per questo tipo di studi in vitro. Qui descriviamo un metodo per coltura organotypic tridimensionale in collagene gel di rigidità variabile. Questo metodo in gran parte conserva l'architettura in vivo degli organi sensoriali cocleari e vestibolari e consente l'indagine sugli effetti della forza meccanica su crescita e differenziazione11.
Perché stimoli meccanici sono conosciuti per attivare eventi molecolari a valle, come l'ippopotamo signaling pathway12,13,14,15, è importante essere in grado di coniugare lo stimolo meccanico con manipolazioni genetiche e biochimiche. Il metodo di cultura qui descritto consente la consegna virus-mediata del gene e pertanto può essere utilizzato per studiare sia meccaniche che molecolare segnalazione durante lo sviluppo di orecchio interno11.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">#10 Surgical Blades</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Miltex</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4-110</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">#5 Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Dumont</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11252-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">100 mm Petri dish</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P5856-500EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">250 uL large orifice pipette tips</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">USA Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1011-8406</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:252px;">30 mm glass-bottom Petri dish</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Matsunami Glass USA Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D35-14-1.5-U</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">4 well plate</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">176740</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">4-Hydroxytamoxifen&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H7904</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">60&#160;mm Petri dish</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">123TS1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Acetic acid&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">537020</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">Ad-GFP</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Vector Biolabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1060</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">Anti-GFP, chicken IgY fraction</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A10262&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">Anti-Myo7A</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Proteus Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25-6790</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">Anti-Sox2 Antibody (Y-17)</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Santa Cruz</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">sc-17320</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bicinchoninic acid assay</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">23225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:252px;">Click-iT EdU Alexa Fluor 647 Imaging Kit</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C10340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Collagenase I</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">17100017</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">D-glucose</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G8270</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM/F12&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11320033</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Epidermal growth factor</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E9644</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16140063</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fibroblast growth factor</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">F5392</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Flaming/Brown Micropipette Puller</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sutter Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P-97</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G8540</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HBSS</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14025092</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">Hemocytometer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Daigger</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">EF16034F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H4034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">Insulin</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">I3536</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Iridectomy scissors&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Zepf Medical Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">08-1201-10&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">Microinjector</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Narishige</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">IM-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nicotinamide</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N0636</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">PBS (10X), pH 7.4</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">70011044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PBS (1X), pH 7.4</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10010023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">Phenol Red pH indicator&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P4633&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">Pure Ethanol, 200 Proof</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Decon Labs&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2716</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">RFP antibody</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">ChromoTek</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">&#160;5F8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S5761</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">Sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S8045</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium selenite</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S5261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">Tabletop vortex&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">97043-562</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:252px;">Transferrin</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">T8158</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Trypan blue&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">T6146</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

three-dimensional organotypic cultures of vestibular and auditory sensory organs

Gli organi sensoriali dell'orecchio interno sono difficili da studiare nei mammiferi a causa della loro inaccessibilità di manipolazione sperimentale e osservazione ottica. Inoltre, anche se le tecniche di cultura esistenti consentano perturbazioni biochimiche, questi metodi non forniscono un mezzo per studiare gli effetti della forza meccanica e rigidità dei tessuti durante lo sviluppo degli organi sensoriali dell'orecchio interno. Qui descriviamo un metodo per coltura organotypic tridimensionale dell'utricolo murino intatto e coclea che supera queste limitazioni. La tecnica per la regolazione di una rigidità di matrice tridimensionale qui descritto consente la manipolazione della forza elastica opposte la crescita del tessuto. Pertanto, questo metodo può essere utilizzato per studiare il ruolo delle forze meccaniche durante lo sviluppo dell'orecchio interno. Inoltre, le culture consentono il recapito della virus-mediata del gene, che può essere utilizzato per esperimenti di guadagno e perdita di funzione. Questo metodo di cultura conserva le cellule ciliate innate e sostenere le cellule e serve come alternativa potenzialmente superiore alla tradizionale cultura bidimensionale degli organi sensoriali uditivi e vestibolari.

Organi sensoriali uditivi e vestibolari dalle orecchie embrionale, coltivate in 40-Pa collagene I gel che imita bassa rigidità condizioni embrionali11, mantenere relativamente normali strutture tridimensionali (Figura 1) e mantenere le cellule ciliate e sostenere le cellule (Figura 2 e Figura 3). Anche se sostenere la densità delle cellule diminuisce di oltre il 30% (test <e...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-dimensional Organotypic Cultures of Vestibular and Auditory Sensory Organs at JoVE.com

Three-dimensional Organotypic Cultures of Vestibular and Auditory Sensory Organs

Colture organotipiche tridimensionale dell'utricolo murino e coclea in otticamente deselezionare collagene gel morfologia del tessuto innata di riserva, consentono per stimolazione meccanica attraverso la regolazione della rigidità di matrice e consentono il recapito della virus-mediata del gene.

Colture organotipiche tridimensionale degli organi sensoriali uditivi e vestibolari

The sensory organs of the inner ear are challenging to study in mammals due to their inaccessibility to experimental manipulation and optical observation. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Organotypic Slice Cultures for Studies of Postnatal Neurogenesis

Colture organotipiche Slice di studi di post-natale neurogenesi

Here we describe a technique for studying hippocampal postnatal neurogenesis in the rodent brain using the organotypic slice culture technique. This ...

Ricerca

Biologia dello sviluppo

Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes

Differenziazione di una linea di cellule staminali neurali umane in Tre Culture dimensionali, Geni Analisi di MicroRNA e putativo di destinazione

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes under specific local ...

Three-dimensional Quantification of Dendritic Spines from Pyramidal Neurons Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Quantificazione tridimensionale di spine dendritiche da piramidale neuroni derivate da cellule staminali umane pluripotenti indotte

Dendritic spines are small protrusions that correspond to the post-synaptic compartments of excitatory synapses in the central nervous system. They are ...

Using Ex Vivo Upright Droplet Cultures of Whole Fetal Organs to Study Developmental Processes during Mouse Organogenesis

Using Ex Vivo Upright Droplet Cultures of Whole Fetal Organs to Study Developmental Processes during Mouse Organogenesis

Utilizzando<em&gt; Ex Vivo</em&gt; Upright Droplet Culture di interi organi fetali per studiare i processi evolutivi durante mouse Organogenesi

Investigating organogenesis in utero is a technically challenging process in placental mammals due to inaccessibility of reagents to embryos that develop ...

Generation of Genetically Modified Organotypic Skin Cultures Using Devitalized Human Dermis

Generazione di culture geneticamente modificate pelle organotipiche Uso devitalizzate derma umano

Organotypic cultures allow the reconstitution of a 3D environment critical for cell-cell contact and cell-matrix interactions which mimics the function ...

Gene Transfer into the Chicken Auditory Organ by In Ovo Micro-electroporation

Gene Transfer into the Chicken Auditory Organ by In Ovo Micro-electroporation

Gene Transfer nel pollo Auditory Organ<em&gt; In Ovo</em&gt; Micro-elettroporazione

Chicken embryos are ideal model systems for studying embryonic development as manipulations of gene function can be conducted with relative ease in ovo. ...

Protocols for Visualizing Steroidogenic Organs and Their Interactive Organs with Immunostaining in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster

Protocols for Visualizing Steroidogenic Organs and Their Interactive Organs with Immunostaining in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster

Protocolli per la visualizzazione steroidogenica organi e dei loro organi interattivi con Immunocolorazione nella mosca della frutta<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

In multicellular organisms, a small group of cells is endowed with a specialized function in their biogenic activity, inducing a systemic response ...

Analysis of Retinoic Acid-induced Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in Two and Three-dimensional Embryoid Bodies

Analisi di acido retinoico-indotta neurale differenziazione di cellule staminali embrionali di topo a organi embrionali due e tridimensionali

Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) isolated from the inner mass of the blastocyst (typically at day E3.5), can be used as in vitro model system for ...

Horizontal Whole Mount: A Novel Processing and Imaging Protocol for Thick, Three-dimensional Tissue Cross-sections of Skin

Supporto orizzontale intero: un protocollo di elaborazione e imaging novello per le sezioni trasversali tessute spesse e tridimensionali della pelle

Processing a tissue of interest to generate a microscopic image that supports a scientific argument can be challenging. The acquisition of high-quality ...

A Novel Use of Three-dimensional High-frequency Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Characterization in the Mouse

Un uso novello di tridimensionale ad alta frequenza l'ecografia per la caratterizzazione di gravidanza precoce nel topo

High-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) is a common method to non-invasively monitor the real-time development of the human fetus in utero. The mouse is ...