Name: evaluating dryocosmus kuriphilus-induced damage on castanea sativa
Uploaded: 2018-08-30T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluating Dryocosmus Kuriphilus-induced Damage on Castanea Sativa at JoVE.com

Forfatterne er taknemmelig for, at Forest Service af kanton Ticino og den føderale kontor for miljø FOEN til delvis finansiering af denne undersøgelse.

1. træ udvælgelse og vurdering Design
<ol><li>Hvis det er muligt, identificere den epidemiske fase af området undersøgelse ved at bestemme ankomst års Dryocosmus kuriphilus og Torymus sinensis og T. sinensis parasitization sats ved hjælp af pålidelige kilder (f.eks. videnskabelige publikationer, skov tjenester, kastanje grove ledernes viden).<ol>
<li>Hvis ingen pålidelige kilder er tilgængelige, skal du identificere de fire vigtigste epidemiske faser (Early, Peak, Recovery, ...

<ol>
	<li>Stone, G. N., Sch&#246;nrogge, K., Rachel, J., Bellido, D., Pujade-villar, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+population+biology+of+oak+gall+wasps+(Hymenoptera:+Cynipidae).">The population biology of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae).</a> Annual Review of Entomology. (47), 633-668 (2002).</li><li>Abe, Y., Melika, G., Stone, G. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+diversity+and+phylogeography+of+cynipid+gallwasps+(Hymenoptera:+Cynipidae)+of+the+Oriental+and+eastern+Palearctic+regions,+and+their+associated+communities.">The diversity and phylogeography of cynipid gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the Oriental and eastern Palearctic regions, and their associated communities.</a> Oriental Insects. 41 (1), 169-212 (2007).</li><li>Aebi, A., Schoenenberger, N., Bigler, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluating+the+use+of+Torymus+sinensis+against+the+chestnut+gall+wasp+Dryocosmus+kuriphilus+in+the+Canton+Ticino,+Switzerland.">Evaluating the use of Torymus sinensis against the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus in the Canton Ticino, Switzerland.</a> Agroscope Reckenholz-T&#228;nikon Report. , (2011).</li><li>Maltoni, A., Mariotti, B., Tani, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Case+study+of+a+new+method+for+the+classification+and+analysis+of+Dryocosmus+kuriphilus+Yasumatsu+damage+to+young+chestnut+sprouts.">Case study of a new method for the classification and analysis of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu damage to young chestnut sprouts.</a> IForest. 5 (1), 50-59 (2012).</li><li>Gehring, E., Bellosi, B., Quacchia, A., Conedera, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+the+impact+of+Dryocosmus+kuriphilius+on+the+chestnut+tree+branch+architecture+matters.">Assessing the impact of Dryocosmus kuriphilius on the chestnut tree branch architecture matters.</a> Journal of Pest Science. 91 (1), 189-202 (2018).</li><li>Kato, K., Hijii, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+gall+formation+by+Dryocosmus+kuriphilus+Yasumatsu+(Hym+.,+Cynipidae+)+on+the+growth+of+chestnut+trees.">Effects of gall formation by Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hym ., Cynipidae ) on the growth of chestnut trees.</a> Journal of Applied Entomology. 121 (1-5), 9-15 (1997).</li><li>Meyer, J. B., Gallien, L., Prospero, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interaction+between+two+invasive+organisms+on+the+European+chestnut:+Does+the+chestnut+blight+fungus+benefit+from+the+presence+of+the+gall+wasp?.">Interaction between two invasive organisms on the European chestnut: Does the chestnut blight fungus benefit from the presence of the gall wasp?.</a> FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 91 (11), 1-10 (2015).</li><li>Turchetti, T., Addario, E., Maresi, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interactions+between+chestnut+gall+wasp+and+blight:+a+new+criticality+for+chestnut.">Interactions between chestnut gall wasp and blight: a new criticality for chestnut.</a> Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale. 7 (1), 252-258 (2010).</li><li>Moriya, S., Shiga, M., Adachi, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Classical+biological+control+of+the+chestnut+gall+wasp+in+Japan.">Classical biological control of the chestnut gall wasp in Japan.</a> , 407-415 (2003).</li><li>Quacchia, A., Moriya, S., Bosio, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effectiveness+of+Torymus+sinensis+in+the+Biological+Control+of+Dryocosmus+kuriphilus+in+Italy.">Effectiveness of Torymus sinensis in the Biological Control of Dryocosmus kuriphilus in Italy.</a> Acta Horticulturae. 1043, 199-204 (2014).</li><li>Kotobuki, K., Mori, K., Sato, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=2+methods+to+estimate+the+tree+damage+by+chestnut+gall+wasp+Dryocosmus-kuriphilus.">2 methods to estimate the tree damage by chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus-kuriphilus.</a> Bulletin of the fruit tree research station A (Yatabe). 2 (12), 29-36 (1985).</li><li>Sartor, C., Dini, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+the+Asian+wasp+Dryocosmus+kuriphilus+(Yasumatsu)+on+cultivated+chestnut:+Yield+loss+and+cultivar+susceptibility.">Impact of the Asian wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Yasumatsu) on cultivated chestnut: Yield loss and cultivar susceptibility.</a> Scientia Horticulturae. 1997, 454-460 (2015).</li><li>Johnstone, D., Moore, G., Tausz, M., Nicolas, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+measurement+of+plant+vitality+in+landscape+trees.">The measurement of plant vitality in landscape trees.</a> Arboricultural Journal: The International Journal of Urban Forestry. 35 (1), 18-27 (2013).</li><li>Guyot, V., Castagneyrol, B., Deconchat, M., Selvi, F., Bussotti, F., Jactel, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tree+diversity+limits+the+impact+of+an+invasive+forest+pest.">Tree diversity limits the impact of an invasive forest pest.</a> Plos One. , (2015).</li><li>Gehring, E., Bosio, G., Quacchia, A., Conedera, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adapting+sampling+effort+to+assess+the+population+establishment+of+Torymus+sinensis,+the+biocontrol+agent+of+the+chestnut+gallwasp.">Adapting sampling effort to assess the population establishment of Torymus sinensis, the biocontrol agent of the chestnut gallwasp.</a> International Journal of Pest Management. , (2017).</li><li>Hall&#233;, F., Oldeman, R. A. A., Tomlinson, P. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Formation of Trees and Forests. An architectural analysis. , (1978).</li><li>Gyoutoku, Y., Uemura, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ecology+and+biological+control+of+the+chestnut+gall+wasp,+Dryocosmus+kuriphilus+Yasumatsu+(Hymenoptera:+Cynipidae).+1.+Damage+and+parasitization+in+Kumamoto+Prefecture.">Ecology and biological control of the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). 1. Damage and parasitization in Kumamoto Prefecture.</a> Proceedings of the Association for Plant Protection of Kyushu (Japan). 31, 213-215 (1985).</li><li>M&#252;ller, E., Stierlin, H. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sanasilva+Kronenbilder+mit+Nadel-+und+Blattverlustprozenten.">Sanasilva Kronenbilder mit Nadel- und Blattverlustprozenten.</a> Eidgeno&#776;ssische Forschungsanstalt fu&#776;r Wald, Schnee und Landschaft: Birmensdorf. , (1990).</li></ol>

Dryocosmus kuriphilus lægge æg i kastanietræ knopper, inducerende dannelsen af galls i foråret. Gentagne og ukontrolleret D. kuriphilus angriber årsag, ud over gall dannelse, generelle gren korruption, herunder død mange skud og betydelige tab i grønne fotosyntetiske blad område5. Træer reagerer normalt ved at forsøge at producere erstatningsmedier skud via aktivering af sovende knopper. Af denne grund, især under den epidemi peak og recovery fase, classic, TJENESTEPIG...

Den chestnut gallwasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) er den vigtigste globale insekt skadedyr af slægten Castanea1,2,3. Gennem sin gentagne irriterende aktivitet, det forebygger og hæmmer normal shoot udvikling4,5, forårsager en progressiv reduktion af blad areal og en deraf følgende tab af træet grønne biomasse og energi5,6 , hvilende bud reaktivering5 og en stigning i gallwasp efter fremkomsten gren dødelighed7,8.
De europæiske erfaringer med gallwasp-epidemien viser, at ukontrolleret og gentagne gallwasp angreb kan fremkalde et højt niveau af crown korruption i kastanje (Castanea sativa Mill.). Dette kan resultere i crown blad område tab på op til 70%, der er hverken kompenseres med erstatningsmedier løv produceret af aktivering af sovende knopper eller bygning anden flushes under den samme vegetation perioden5.
Metoden kun lykkes at reducere befolkningens skadedyr og kastanietræer at inddrive er biologisk kontrol gennem sin naturlige antagonist parasitoid Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae)9,10. Når biologisk kontrol gennem sin naturlige fjende er opnået, begynde kastanjetræerne at producere nye sunde spirer. Hvis træet skader niveau er meget højt, kan dette forekomme med udgangspunkt i den terminal bud kun, at det er som regel fri for angreb på grund af dens dannelse efter gallwasp oviposition aktivitet4. Dette indebærer en lang opsving proces, før hele træet kronen er re-etableret5.
For at kontrollere den positive reaktion af kastanjetræer efter biologisk bekæmpelse af Torymus sinensis er nået, og for at bekræfte behovet for skovbrug (beskæring, udtynding) intervention, skovvæsenet og chestnut avlere har brug for en metode for hurtig og pålidelig vurdering af skader niveau og relaterede gren arkitektur og blad område evolution i hele gallwasp-epidemi fra den indledende angreb fase af skadedyr til genopretning efter biologisk bekæmpelse af dens antagonist. Flere metoder til vurdering af gallwasp angreb grad (TJENESTEPIGE) er blevet udviklet og anvendt over hele verden til dato, som måler andelen af angrebet knopper11 eller det gennemsnitlige antal galls pr. bud12. MAID måler ikke direkte grønne biomasse (fx blade område), reserve strukturer som sovende knopper, reaktion strukturer (fx reaktiveres sovende knopper og anden flushes) eller tidligere år skader (f.eks., død skud) som major proxies af nuværende træ vitalitet og handlekraft6,13,14. Desuden er de fleste MAID kun baseret på antallet af galls findes på træets grene og undervurderer virkelige gren skader, især under toppen af pest epidemi (figur 1).
I dette papir beskriver vi de skader som Gehring et al. foreslået composite index (DCI) tilgang 20185 , mener proxies af grønne biomasse, forbeholder sig som hvilende bud, og træet reaktioner (hvilende bud reaktivering og anden flushes), muliggør en realistisk, pålidelig og rimelig hurtig vurdering af skader gennem alle faser af en epidemi, især når den kombineres med vurdering indsats optimering som Gehring et al. foreslået 201715.
In particular, formålet med dette papir er 1) til at give en detaljeret beskrivelse af feltet protokol, herunder de relevante gren funktioner skal vurderes, 2) at præsentere skader sammensatte indeks formel og 3) at foreslå en forbedret sværhedsgraden skala konvertering for DCI.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clipboard</td>
			<td>Any brand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Camping chair 
			(Foldable and lightweight chair)</td>
			<td>Any brand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Companies: Kelty, Campz, Half-Ton.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Felco 9 secateurs 
			(One-hand pruning shear)</td>
			<td>Felco</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Other companies: Bahco.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AP-5M-Aluminium Pole 
			(Telescopic tree pruner pole)</td>
			<td>Bahco</td>
			<td>8152079</td>
			<td rowspan="2">Other companies: Spear &#38; Jackson, Kingfisher, Hortex, Fiskars.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>P34-37 top pruner 
			(Telescopic tree pruner head)</td>
			<td>Bahco</td>
			<td>8002787</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100 ft Fiberglass Long Tape 
			(30 m measuring tape)</td>
			<td>Stanley</td>
			<td>34-790</td>
			<td>Other companies: Tjima, Freemans, Astor, Lux.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Parallel 10.5mm 
			(Low stretch kernmantel rope, flexible and lightweight for rope access)</td>
			<td>Petzl</td>
			<td>R077AA03</td>
			<td rowspan="10">Basic equipment for tree climbing&#160; (if necessary). Many other equipment configurations can be used for tree climbing, depending on the situation and on single operator preferences. We used Pezl equipment but many other companies offer similar products (e.g. Edelrid, Notch, Climbing technologies, DMM, ...). For a complete overview of equipment and companies we recommend a search in google&#160; &#34;tree climbing gear&#34; as search keyword. PLEASE NOTE: tree climbing activities should be done only by professionals and are submitted to specific regulatory prescriptions according to the country.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Avao Sit 
			(Harness for work positioning and suspension)</td>
			<td>Petzl</td>
			<td>C69AFA 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rig 
			(Compact self-braking descender)</td>
			<td>Petzl</td>
			<td>D21A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ascension 
			(Handled rope clamp for rope ascents)</td>
			<td>Petzl</td>
			<td>B17ALA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eclipse 
			(Storage for throw-line)</td>
			<td>Petzl</td>
			<td>S03Y</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Airline 
			(Throw-line)</td>
			<td>Petzl</td>
			<td>R02Y 060</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Jet 
			(Throw-bag)</td>
			<td>Petzl</td>
			<td>S02Y 300</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vertex best 
			(Comfortable helmet for work at height and rescue)</td>
			<td>Petzl</td>
			<td>A10BYA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zillon 
			(Adjustable work positioning lanyard for tree care)</td>
			<td>Petzl</td>
			<td>L22A 040</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ok 
			(Lightweight oval carabiner)</td>
			<td>Petzl</td>
			<td>M33A SL</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

evaluating dryocosmus kuriphilus-induced damage on castanea sativa

Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu er blevet en stor plage for Castaneasativa siden sin ankomst i Europa. Dens irriterende aktivitet resulterer i dannelsen af forskellige gall typer og forhindrer udviklingen af normal skud. Gentagne og ukontrolleret angreb forårsager, foruden produktion af galls og ledsagerens gall-relaterede reduktion i blad område, progressive korruption af gren-arkitektur, herunder død gren dele, og en stigning i hvilende bud aktivering. Hidtil har der været nogle forsøg på at kvantificere gren arkitektur skader. De forskellige metoder til vurdering af angrebets omfang (TJENESTEPIGE), der har været udviklet yderligere, fokus kun på galls' tilstedeværelse og overflod.
Ved hjælp af området blad afgrenet område forhold som en indikator for grønne biomasse, udviklet vi i en tidligere undersøgelse en skade sammensatte indeks (DCI), der tager højde for de vigtigste gren arkitektoniske træk, giver mulighed for realistisk skadesvurdering under hele processen, epidemi.
Formålet med denne undersøgelse er at præsentere denne nye metode og fremhæve forskelle i beskrivelsen skade med hensyn til andre bredt anvendte indeks. Resultaterne viser hvordan DCI skildrer gren skader bedre, især under den epidemi peak, i forhold til pigen, som har tendens til at undervurdere. Vi Afslutningsvis tyder på, hvordan man korrekt vurdere den samlede virkning af skadedyr ved hjælp af vores komposit skader indeks, angreb graden efter klassiske metoder og crown gennemsigtighed evalueringer.

I alt 25 lokaliteter i Ticino i Schweiz blev besøgt mellem 2013 og 2016 for at oprette en tidsmæssige forløb der dækker alle gall hveps epidemiske faser. I alt, vi har indsamlet og analyseret 94 grene i 5 sites epidemiske tidligt (ankomst af skadedyr og begyndelsen af træ skader), 200 grene i 5 sites på den epidemiske peak (medium til alvorlige skader på grund af højt niveau af D. kuriphilus angreb) , 200 grene i 5 steder på stadiet recovery (biocontrol af T. sinensi...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluating Dryocosmus Kuriphilus-induced Damage on Castanea Sativa at JoVE.com

Evaluating Dryocosmus Kuriphilus-induced Damage on Castanea Sativa

Evaluering af Dryocosmus Kuriphilus-induceret skade på Castanea Sativa

Det er almindelig praksis at vurdere skaderne forårsaget af Dryocosmus kuriphilus ved at betragte overfloden af galls alene i stedet for ved også at tage relaterede gren korruption i betragtning. Vi foreslår en sammensat skader indeks, der tager hensyn til de vigtigste gren funktioner, således at mere realistisk skadesvurdering.

Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu has become a major pest for Castaneasativa since its arrival in Europe. Its galling activity results in the formation of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

Evaluating Dryocosmus Kuriphilus-induced Damage on Castanea Sativa

Semi-High Throughput Screening for Potential Drought-tolerance in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Germplasm Collections

Semi-High Throughput Screening for Potential Drought-tolerance in Lettuce Lactuca sativa Germplasm Collections

Semi-højkapacitetsscreening for Potentiel tørke-tolerance i salat (<em&gt; Lactuca sativa</em&gt;) kimplasmasamlinger

This protocol describes a method by which a large collection of the leafy green vegetable lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) germplasm was screened for likely ...

Remote Sensing Evaluation of Two-spotted Spider Mite Damage on Greenhouse Cotton

Remote Sensing Evaluering af To spottet Spider Mite Skader på Greenhouse Bomuld

The objective of this study was to evaluate a ground-based multispectral optical sensor as a remote sensing tool to assess foliar damage caused by the ...

A Gusseted Thermogradient Table to Control Soil Temperatures for Evaluating Plant Growth and Monitoring Soil Processes

En gusseted Thermogradient Table at styre Jord Temperaturer for Evaluering plantevækst og jordbundsovervågning Processer

Thermogradient tables were first developed in the 1950s primarily to test seed germination over a range of temperatures simultaneously without using a ...

A Flow-through Exposure System for Evaluating Suspended Sediments Effects on Aquatic Life

En Flow-through Exposure system til evaluering suspenderet sediment Virkninger på vandlevende

This paper describes the Fish Larvae and Egg Exposure System (FLEES). The flow-through exposure system is used to investigate the effects of suspended ...

A Method for Evaluating Insecticide Efficacy against Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius, Eggs and First Instars

A Method for Evaluating Insecticide Efficacy against Bed Bug,  Cimex lectularius, Eggs and First Instars

En metode til evaluering insekticid Effekt mod Bed Bug,<em&gt; Cimex lectularius</em&gt;, Æg og First instars

Standard toxicity evaluations of insecticides against insect pests are primarily conducted on adult insects. Evaluations are based on a dose-response or ...

Evaluating the Effect of Environmental Chemicals on Honey Bee Development from the Individual to Colony Level

Evaluering af effekten af ​​Environmental Chemicals på Honey Bee Udvikling fra den enkelte til Colony Level

The presence of pesticides in the beekeeping environment is one of the most serious problems that impacts the life of a honey bee. Pesticides can be ...

Preparation of DMMTAV and DMDTAV Using DMAV for Environmental Applications: Synthesis, Purification, and Confirmation

Preparation of DMMTAV and DMDTAV Using DMAV for Environmental Applications: Synthesis, Purification, and Confirmation

Forberedelse af DMMTAV og DMDTAV bruger DMAV for miljømæssige programmer: syntese, rensning og bekræftelse

Dimethylated thioarsenicals such as dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTAV) and dimethyldithioarsinic acid (DMDTAV), which are produced by the metabolic ...

The Hawaii Protocol for Scientific Monitoring of Coffee Berry Borer: a Model for Coffee Agroecosystems Worldwide

Hawaii protokol for videnskabelig overvågning af kaffe bær soegeren: en Model for kaffe Agroecosystems hele verden

Coffee berry borer (CBB) is the most devastating insect pest for coffee crops worldwide. We developed a scientific monitoring protocol that is aimed at ...

Studying Neurobehavioral Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Zebrafish Larvae

Undersøgelse Neurobehavioral Virkninger af miljøforurenende stoffer på Zebrafisk Larver

Recent years more and more environmental pollutants have been proved neurotoxic, especially at the early development stages of organisms. Zebrafish larvae ...

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems

Simulering af virkningerne af isstorme på skovøkosystemer

Ice storms can have profound and lasting effects on the structure and function of forest ecosystems in regions that experience freezing conditions. ...