Name: intracerebroventricular treatment with resiniferatoxin and pain tests in mice
Uploaded: 2020-09-02T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intracerebroventricular Treatment with Resiniferatoxin and Pain Tests in Mice at JoVE.com

这里使用的所有实验协议都经过了武藏野大学动物护理和使用委员会的批准。雄性 ddY 小鼠（SLC，日本静冈）在12小时光/暗循环下保存至少7天，然后进行水和食物实验。实验使用了5周或6周大的老鼠。
1. 药物制备
<ol><li>
Rtx 注：酒精RTX溶液可引起严重皮肤灼伤和眼睛损伤。处理时，请务必使用橡胶手套和眼镜进行保护。此库存解决方案可使用 6 个月。<ol>
<li>将...

<ol>
	<li>Cavanaugh, D. J., Chesler, A. T., Braz, J. M., Shah, N. M., Julius, D., Basbaum, A. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Restriction+of+transient+receptor+potential+vanilloid-1+to+the+peptidergic+subset+of+primary+afferent+neurons+follows+its+developmental+downregulation+in+nonpeptidergic+neurons.">Restriction of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 to the peptidergic subset of primary afferent neurons follows its developmental downregulation in nonpeptidergic neurons.</a> J Neurosci. 31 (28), 10119-10127 (2011).</li><li>Caterina, M. J., Schumacher, M. A., Tominaga, M., Rosen, T. A., Levine, J. D., Julius, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+capsaicin+receptor:+a+heat-activated+ion+channel+in+the+pain+pathway.">The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway.</a> Nature. 389 (6653), 816-824 (1997).</li><li>Caterina, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impaired+nociception+and+pain+sensation+in+mice+lacking+the+capsaicin+receptor.">Impaired nociception and pain sensation in mice lacking the capsaicin receptor.</a> Science. 288 (5464), 306-313 (2000).</li><li>Starowicz, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tonic+endovanilloid+facilitation+of+glutamate+release+in+brainstem+descending+antinociceptive+pathways.">Tonic endovanilloid facilitation of glutamate release in brainstem descending antinociceptive pathways.</a> The Journal of neuroscience the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 27 (50), 13739-13749 (2007).</li><li>Gavva, N. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+vanilloid+receptor+TRPV1+is+tonically+activated+in+vivo+and+involved+in+body+temperature+regulation.">The vanilloid receptor TRPV1 is tonically activated in vivo and involved in body temperature regulation.</a> The Journal of neuroscience the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 27 (13), 3366-3374 (2007).</li><li>Marsch, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduced+anxiety,+conditioned+fear,+and+hippocampal+long-term+potentiation+in+transient+receptor+potential+vanilloid+type+1+receptor-deficient+mice.">Reduced anxiety, conditioned fear, and hippocampal long-term potentiation in transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 receptor-deficient mice.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (4), 832-839 (2007).</li><li>Tzavara, E. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endocannabinoids+activate+transient+receptor+potential+vanilloid+1+receptors+to+reduce+hyperdopaminergia-related+hyperactivity:+Therapeutic+implications.">Endocannabinoids activate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptors to reduce hyperdopaminergia-related hyperactivity: Therapeutic implications.</a> Biological Psychiatry. 59 (6), 508-515 (2006).</li><li>Naz&#305;ro&#287;lu, M., &#214;vey, &. #. 3. 0. 4. ;. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Involvement+of+apoptosis+and+calcium+accumulation+through+TRPV1+channels+in+neurobiology+of+epilepsy.">Involvement of apoptosis and calcium accumulation through TRPV1 channels in neurobiology of epilepsy.</a> Neuroscience. 293, 55-66 (2015).</li><li>Mallet, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TRPV1+in+brain+is+involved+in+acetaminophen-induced+antinociception.">TRPV1 in brain is involved in acetaminophen-induced antinociception.</a> PloS one. 5 (9), 1-11 (2010).</li><li>Barri&#232;re, D. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fatty+acid+amide+hydrolase-dependent+generation+of+antinociceptive+drug+metabolites+acting+on+TRPV1+in+the+brain.">Fatty acid amide hydrolase-dependent generation of antinociceptive drug metabolites acting on TRPV1 in the brain.</a> PloS one. 8 (8), e70690 (2013).</li><li>Jancs&#243;, G., Kiraly, E., Jancs&#243;-G&#225;bor, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pharmacologically+induced+selective+degeneration+of+chemosensitive+primary+sensory+neurones.">Pharmacologically induced selective degeneration of chemosensitive primary sensory neurones.</a> Nature. 270 (5639), 741-743 (1977).</li><li>Szallasi, A., Blumberg, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vanilloid+receptor+loss+in+rat+sensory+ganglia+associated+with+long+term+desensitization+to+resiniferatoxin.">Vanilloid receptor loss in rat sensory ganglia associated with long term desensitization to resiniferatoxin.</a> Neuroscience Letters. 140 (1), 51-54 (1992).</li><li>Cavanaugh, D. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+subsets+of+unmyelinated+primary+sensory+fibers+mediate+behavioral+responses+to+noxious+thermal+and+mechanical+stimuli.">Distinct subsets of unmyelinated primary sensory fibers mediate behavioral responses to noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (22), 9075-9080 (2009).</li><li>Jeffry, J. A., Yu, S. Q., Sikand, P., Parihar, A., Evans, M. S., Premkumar, L. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+targeting+of+TRPV1+expressing+sensory+nerve+terminals+in+the+spinal+cord+for+long+lasting+analgesia.">Selective targeting of TRPV1 expressing sensory nerve terminals in the spinal cord for long lasting analgesia.</a> PLoS ONE. 4 (9), e7021 (2009).</li><li>Jancs&#243;, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracisternal+capsaicin:+selective+degeneration+of+chemosensitive+primary+sensory+afferents+in+the+adult+rat.">Intracisternal capsaicin: selective degeneration of chemosensitive primary sensory afferents in the adult rat.</a> Neuroscience letters. 27 (1), 41-45 (1981).</li><li>Gamse, R., Saria, A., Lundberg, J. M., Theodorsson-Norheim, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+and+neurochemical+changes+after+intracisternal+capsaicin+treatment+of+the+guinea+pig.">Behavioral and neurochemical changes after intracisternal capsaicin treatment of the guinea pig.</a> Neuroscience Letters. 64 (3), 287-292 (1986).</li><li>Neubert, J. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+mouse+orofacial+pain+and+the+effects+of+lesioning+TRPV1-expressing+neurons+on+operant+behavior.">Characterization of mouse orofacial pain and the effects of lesioning TRPV1-expressing neurons on operant behavior.</a> Molecular pain. 4, 43 (2008).</li><li>Karai, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deletion+of+vanilloid+receptor+1-expressing+primary+afferent+neurons+for+pain+control.">Deletion of vanilloid receptor 1-expressing primary afferent neurons for pain control.</a> The Journal of clinical investigation. 113 (9), 1344-1352 (2004).</li><li>Fukushima, A., Mamada, K., Iimura, A., Ono, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Supraspinal-selective+TRPV1+desensitization+induced+by+intracerebroventricular+treatment+with+resiniferatoxin.">Supraspinal-selective TRPV1 desensitization induced by intracerebroventricular treatment with resiniferatoxin.</a> Scientific reports. 7 (1), 12452 (2017).</li><li>Haley, T. J., McCormick, W. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pharmacological+effects+produced+by+intracerebral+injection+of+drugs+in+the+conscious+mouse.">Pharmacological effects produced by intracerebral injection of drugs in the conscious mouse.</a> British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy. 12 (1), 12-15 (1957).</li><li>Tj&#248;lsen, A., Berge, O. G., Hunskaar, S., Rosland, J. H., Hole, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+formalin+test:+an+evaluation+of+the+method.">The formalin test: an evaluation of the method.</a> Pain. 51 (1), 5-17 (1992).</li><li>Ohsawa, M., Miyabe, Y., Katsu, H., Yamamoto, S., Ono, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+the+sensory+nerve+fiber+responsible+for+lysophosphatidic+acid-induced+allodynia+in+mice.">Identification of the sensory nerve fiber responsible for lysophosphatidic acid-induced allodynia in mice.</a> Neuroscience. 247, 65-74 (2013).</li><li>Tanabe, M., Tokuda, Y., Takasu, K., Ono, K., Honda, M., Ono, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+synthetic+TRH+analogue+taltirelin+exerts+modality-specific+antinociceptive+effects+via+distinct+descending+monoaminergic+systems.">The synthetic TRH analogue taltirelin exerts modality-specific antinociceptive effects via distinct descending monoaminergic systems.</a> British journal of pharmacology. 150 (4), 403-414 (2007).</li><li>Ono, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduction+in+sympathetic+nerve+activity+as+a+possible+mechanism+for+the+hypothermic+effect+of+oseltamivir,+an+anti-influenza+virus+drug,+in+normal+mice.">Reduction in sympathetic nerve activity as a possible mechanism for the hypothermic effect of oseltamivir, an anti-influenza virus drug, in normal mice.</a> Basic &amp; clinical pharmacology &amp; toxicology. 113 (1), 25-30 (2013).</li><li>Kauer, J. A., Gibson, H. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hot+flash:+TRPV+channels+in+the+brain.">Hot flash: TRPV channels in the brain.</a> Trends in neurosciences. 32 (4), 215-224 (2009).</li></ol>

在这些实验中，最关键的一步是注射成功。这里使用的 i.c.v. 注射技术非常简单，但需要一些练习。在实验之前，建议使用染料（例如盐碱中 0.5% 的蓝印）。如果注射执行正确，在日冕缝合上应明显有针斑，注射染料应存在于反边心室和第三心室。此外，在注射过程中应避免强行插入。如果针尖正确放置在牙冠缝合线上，针应顺利穿透头骨。
这种即认为技术也可以应用于清醒...

动物通过周围神经上的传感器从环境中获得各种物理和化学刺激。瞬态受体电位瓦尼洛伊德类型1（TRPV1）是热敏、非选择性阳离子通道之一，充当热传感器1、2，TRPV1的激活和/或调制是正常和炎症环境中的发音的关键步骤。1虽然整体表达模式是有争议的，TRPV1的表达也建议在超平区，参与各种大脑活动（包括异常4，热调节5，焦虑6，注意力缺陷多动障碍7，癫痫8）。此外，最近有人建议，对乙酰氨基酚，一种广泛使用的止痛药，调解中央TRPV1的激活，以引出其镇痛作用9,9，10。
管理过量的TRPV1激动剂，包括辣椒素和树脂叶毒素（RTX）动物导致TRPV1阳性神经元的死亡和长期脱敏TRPV1激动剂11，12。11,结合局部应用（本级,13、14、,14内15、16、17和刚内18），这种化学消融方法为研究TRPV1的生理功能提供了另一种方法。16,17我们最近报告说，RTX的内脑血管注射抑制了对乙酰氨基酚在小鼠中的镇痛作用，建议超针选择性TRPV1脱敏19。在这份手稿中，我们提出了注射和随后的疼痛测试的精确方案。
将药物直接注射到大脑心室，可以研究其中心效应，同时将任何外周效应降至最低。这里介绍的注射程序是海利和麦考密克20所报告的方法的修改。这种方法很简单，通过日冕缝合将注射针插入横向心室，不需要任何特殊设备或外科手术。
TRPV1激动剂的外围局部应用引起灼痛感和神经原发性炎症。用RTX和TRPV1-KO小鼠进行系统治疗的小鼠对这种刺激13不敏感。我们已对RTX（RTX测试）进行了植物内注射，以确认在RTX-i.c.v中保留外设TRPV1。小 鼠。此方法是常规形式测试21的修改。
据报道，用RTX和TRPV1-KO小鼠进行系统治疗的小鼠表现出机械刺激11、13、22,13,的正常阈值。在这里，我们提出了一个尾压测试的程序，用于测试对乙酰氨基酚镇痛作用的变化。
所有这些程序都是正统和多才多艺的，可以应用于其他药物的研究。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="872">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:247px;">Resiniferatoxin</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">LKT Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">R1774</td>
			<td style="width:319px;">used for s.c./i.c.v. pretreatments and the RTX test</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:247px;">Acetaminophen</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">IWAKI SEIYAKU</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
			<td style="width:319px;">gifted from IWAKI SEIYAKU</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:247px;">Pentobarbital sodium salt</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Tokyo Chemical Industry</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">P0776</td>
			<td style="width:319px;">used for anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:247px;">Ethanol (99.5)</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Wako Pure Chemical Industries</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">057-00456</td>
			<td style="width:319px;">used for dissolving RTX</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:247px;">Polyoxyethylene(20) Sorbitan Monooleate</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Wako Pure Chemical Industries</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">161-21621</td>
			<td style="width:319px;">used for dissolving RTX</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:247px;">25 mL microsyringe</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Hamilton</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">1702LT</td>
			<td style="width:319px;">used for i.c.v. injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:247px;">100 mL microsyringe</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Hamilton</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">1710LT</td>
			<td style="width:319px;">used for intraplantar injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:247px;">26-gauge disposable needle</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">TERUMO</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">NN-2613S</td>
			<td style="width:319px;">used for i.c.v. injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:247px;">30-gauge disposable needle</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">NIPRO</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">01134</td>
			<td style="width:319px;">used for intraplantar injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:247px;">Pressure meter</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Ugo Basile</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Analgesy-Meter Type 7200</td>
			<td style="width:319px;">used for tail pressure test</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

intracerebroventricular treatment with resiniferatoxin and pain tests in mice

瞬态受体电位瓦尼洛伊德类型 1 （TRPV1），热敏阳离子通道，已知会触发周围神经疼痛。除了其外周功能外，还建议它参与大脑功能。树脂叶毒素（RTX），一种超能TRPV1激动剂，已知会导致TRPV1的长期脱敏，这种脱敏性一直是研究TRPV1表达细胞生理相关性的替代方法。在这里，我们描述了小鼠用RTX治疗的内脑血管（即c.v.）治疗方案。介绍了用于测试外围TRPV1刺激（RTX测试）和机械刺激（尾压测试）的发音的程序。虽然被施用RTX i.c.v.的小鼠的诱导反应与对照组相当，但RTX-i.c.v.管理的小鼠对对乙酰氨基酚的镇痛作用不敏感，这表明i.c.v.RTX治疗可诱发超针选择性TRPV1脱敏。该小鼠模型可作为研究TRPV1在脑/超功能中的作用的便捷实验系统。这些技术也可以应用于其他药物的中心行动的研究。

i.c.v.治疗小鼠在外观、自发活动、体重19 和核心体温方面无明显异常（车辆治疗组，38.4~0.3 °C，n = 6;RTX 处理组，38.7 × 0.2 °C，n = 6）。
图2A-B-B显示了s.c.-或.c.v.治疗小鼠对RTX的植物内注射的响应能力。在10分19秒，经过车辆处理的老鼠的舔/咬行为非常显著。...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intracerebroventricular Treatment with Resiniferatoxin and Pain Tests in Mice at JoVE.com

Intracerebroventricular Treatment with Resiniferatoxin and Pain Tests in Mice

上阴区域的瞬态受体电位瓦尼洛伊德类型1（TRPV1）已被建议在大脑功能中发挥一些作用。此处描述的是用于小鼠超针TRPV1脱敏的树脂叶铁通毒素的针心通泡注射方案。还介绍了一些疼痛测试的程序。

小鼠用树脂叶毒素和疼痛测试进行脑血管内治疗

The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), a thermosensitive cation channel, is known to trigger pain in the peripheral nerves. In ...

这种预处理的总体目标是生成小鼠，并且TRPV1通道在超薄区域脱敏。这种方法可以帮助回答神经制药领域的关键问题。该技术的主要优点是，超低选择性TRPV1脱敏可以通过一种非常简单的方法引起。要开始这个程序，麻醉小鼠与五巴比妥钠内皮，并检查右反射的损失。对于皮下治疗，将RTX以每毫升20微克的速度注射到颈部背部，体积为每10克体重0.1毫升。对于控制组，以相同方式注入车辆。通过金属管通过一次性 27 表针，露出针头的 3 到 3.5 毫米尖端。然后用手指牢牢地握住老鼠的鳞骨。在头皮上横向移动针头，当针尖钩钩在缝合线上时，找到缝合线。将尖端向右转约一毫米，然后以玫瑰色方式移动尖端以找到日冕缝合线。之后，缓慢而垂直地插入针头。将RTX溶液注入超过10秒，然后再按住10秒。随后，慢慢取针，将鼠标返回其家中的笼子。RTX 注射一周后，在测试前至少 60 分钟，将鼠标转移到测试室。在测试前至少 30 分钟，将鼠标放在有机玻璃笼中，以便其适应环境。然后在测试前20分钟，以每公斤300毫克的价格给小鼠服用对乙酰氨基酚。将鼠标松散地握在一个小布袋中，并将一根 30 量针插入右后爪的脚跟。将针头皮下推进到步行垫附近，以每毫升0.05微克的速度注射20微升RTX溶液。随后，测量每个五分钟方块中受影响爪子的咬爪区域的舔咬行为周期。RTX 注射一周后，将鼠标转移到测试室。将鼠标放在有机玻璃笼中。将斑点标记为距离尾部底部 1.5 厘米和 2.5 厘米。接下来，将鼠标松散地握在一个小布袋中，用钝探针对斑点施加压力。请注意，为避免组织损伤，请施加250克的截止压力。确定引出逃逸行为所需的压力，并计算在两个点确定的压力的均值阈值。每 15 分钟重复一次这些过程。获得基线后，以每公斤300微克的价格对小鼠进行乙酰氨基酚的内向，然后每15分钟重复一次尾压测试，直到达到90分钟。这两个数字显示了SC或ICV治疗小鼠对RTX的植物内注射的反应能力。前10分钟，经过车辆处理的老鼠的舔咬行为非常显著。虽然SC预处理小鼠没有显示舔和咬行为，ICV预处理小鼠通常对RTX的植物注射作出反应。此外，对乙酰氨基酚的内向性给用减少了车辆ICV治疗小鼠的舔和咬行为，但在RTX ICV治疗小鼠中则不减。此图显示了对乙酰氨基酚在尾压测试中每公斤300微克的镇痛作用。对乙酰氨基酚在两次测试中降低了车辆预处理小鼠的异常反应，但对乙酰氨基酚的镇痛作用在使用RTX预处理的ICV小鼠中受到抑制。一旦掌握，这种ICV注射技术可以应用于其他药物。不要忘记，使用 Resiniferatoxin 可能会非常危险，并确保在操作时使用橡胶手套和眼镜进行保护。

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

The Vermicelli and Capellini Handling Tests: Simple quantitative measures of dexterous forepaw function in rats and mice

粉条和Capellini处理测试：在大鼠和小鼠的灵巧的前爪功能简单的定量措施

Previous characterizations of rodent eating behavior have revealed that they use coordinated forepaw movements to manipulate food pieces. We have extended ...

科研

神经科学

Measuring Spinal Presynaptic Inhibition in Mice By Dorsal Root Potential Recording In Vivo

Measuring Spinal Presynaptic Inhibition in Mice By Dorsal Root Potential Recording In Vivo

测量脊髓突触前抑制小鼠背根电位记录<em&gt;在体内</em

Presynaptic inhibition is one of the most powerful inhibitory mechanisms in the spinal cord. The underlying physiological mechanism is a depolarization of ...

Intracerebroventricular Viral Injection of the Neonatal Mouse Brain for Persistent and Widespread Neuronal Transduction

新生小鼠脑侧脑室注射病毒的持续和广泛的神经元传导

With the pace of scientific advancement accelerating rapidly, new methods are needed for experimental neuroscience to quickly and easily manipulate gene ...

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice

测定冷灵敏度和适应小鼠一种简单廉价的方法

Cold hypersensitivity is a serious clinical problem, affecting a broad subset of patients and causing significant decreases in quality of life.  The cold ...

Intracerebroventricular Injection of Amyloid-&#946; Peptides in Normal Mice to Acutely Induce Alzheimer-like Cognitive Deficits

Intracerebroventricular Injection of Amyloid-ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â² Peptides in Normal Mice to Acutely Induce Alzheimer-like Cognitive Deficits

正常小鼠β淀粉样肽侧脑室注射敏锐地诱导老年痴呆样认知缺陷

Amyloid-&#946; (A&#946;) is a major pathological mediator of both familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the brains of AD patients, ...

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents

颅内药物治疗和啮齿动物疼痛检测

Pain is a salient sensory experience with affective and cognitive dimensions. However, central mechanisms for pain remain poorly understood, hindering the ...

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

多发性硬化患者综合解剖计划

We describe a rapid tissue donation program for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) that requires scientists and technicians to be on-call 24/7, 365 ...

Burn Injury-Induced Pain and Depression-Like Behavior in Mice

烧伤诱导的疼痛和小鼠抑郁样行为

Scalding water is the most common cause of burn injury in both elderly and young populations. It is one of the major clinical challenges because of the ...

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

小鼠硬脑膜刺激和眶周冯弗雷测试作为头痛的临床前模型

The cranial meninges, comprised of the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater, are thought to primarily serve structural functions for the nervous system.  ...

Mechanical Conflict-Avoidance Assay to Measure Pain Behavior in Mice

机械冲突避免测定测量小鼠疼痛行为

Pain comprises of both sensory (nociceptive) and affective (unpleasant) dimensions. In preclinical models, pain has traditionally been assessed using ...