Name: isolation of enteric glial cells from the submucosa and lamina propria of the adult mouse
Uploaded: 2018-08-15T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Enteric Glial Cells from the Submucosa and Lamina Propria of the Adult Mouse at JoVE.com

Forfatterne vil gerne anerkende støtte fra R37 DK045729 (til JLM), R01 AR060837 (til HX) og University of Michigan gastrointestinale Research Center molekylære Core P30 DK034933.

Alle dyreforsøg beskrevet blev godkendt ved University of Michigans Komité for brug og pleje af dyr.
1. forberedelse af Sterile Poly-D-lysin (PDL) og Laminin løsninger
<ol><li>Mindst én dag før celle isolation, forberede poly-D-lysin (PDL) og laminin overtrukne plader. Bemærk: Både 6-godt og 12-godt plader blev forberedt alt efter de eksperimentelle mål. Typisk blev 12-godt plader brugt til den kvantitative analyse ved hjælp af western blotting; der henviser til, at 6-godt plader...

<ol>
	<li>Grubisic, V., Gulbransen, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enteric+glia:+the+most+alimentary+of+all+glia.">Enteric glia: the most alimentary of all glia.</a> Journal of Physiology. 595 (2), 557-570 (2017).</li><li>Gulbransen, B. D., Sharkey, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+functional+roles+for+enteric+glia+in+the+gastrointestinal+tract.">Novel functional roles for enteric glia in the gastrointestinal tract.</a> Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology. 9 (11), 625-632 (2012).</li><li>Rao, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enteric+Glia+Regulate+Gastrointestinal+Motility+but+Are+Not+Required+for+Maintenance+of+the+Epithelium+in+Mice.">Enteric Glia Regulate Gastrointestinal Motility but Are Not Required for Maintenance of the Epithelium in Mice.</a> Gastroenterology. 153 (4), 1068-1081 (2017).</li><li>Rao, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enteric+glia+express+proteolipid+protein+1+and+are+a+transcriptionally+unique+population+of+glia+in+the+mammalian+nervous+system.">Enteric glia express proteolipid protein 1 and are a transcriptionally unique population of glia in the mammalian nervous system.</a> Glia. , (2015).</li><li>McClain, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ca2++responses+in+enteric+glia+are+mediated+by+connexin-43+hemichannels+and+modulate+colonic+transit+in+mice.">Ca2+ responses in enteric glia are mediated by connexin-43 hemichannels and modulate colonic transit in mice.</a> Gastroenterology. 146 (2), 497-507 (2014).</li><li>Cunha Franceschi, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enteric+glial+reactivity+to+systemic+LPS+administration+Changes+in+GFAP+and+S100B+protein.">Enteric glial reactivity to systemic LPS administration Changes in GFAP and S100B protein.</a> Neuroscience Research. 119, 15-23 (2017).</li><li>Kabouridis, P. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microbiota+controls+the+homeostasis+of+glial+cells+in+the+gut+lamina+propria.">Microbiota controls the homeostasis of glial cells in the gut lamina propria.</a> Neuron. 85 (2), 289-295 (2015).</li><li>Yu, Y. B., Li, Y. Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enteric+glial+cells+and+their+role+in+the+intestinal+epithelial+barrier.">Enteric glial cells and their role in the intestinal epithelial barrier.</a> World Journal of Gastroenterology. 20 (32), 11273-11280 (2014).</li><li>Clairembault, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enteric+GFAP+expression+and+phosphorylation+in+Parkinson's+disease.">Enteric GFAP expression and phosphorylation in Parkinson's disease.</a> Journal of Neurochemistry. 130 (6), 805-815 (2014).</li><li>Sundaresan, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gastrin+Induces+Nuclear+Export+and+Proteasome+Degradation+of+Menin+in+Enteric+Glial+Cells.">Gastrin Induces Nuclear Export and Proteasome Degradation of Menin in Enteric Glial Cells.</a> Gastroenterology. 153, 1555-1567 (2017).</li><li>Gulbransen, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enteric+Glia:+The+Origin+of+Duodenal+Gastrinomas?.">Enteric Glia: The Origin of Duodenal Gastrinomas?.</a> Gastroenterology. , (2017).</li><li>Smith, T. H., Ngwainmbi, J., Grider, J. R., Dewey, W. L., Akbarali, H. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+in+vitro+preparation+of+isolated+enteric+neurons+and+glia+from+the+myenteric+plexus+of+the+adult+mouse.">An in vitro preparation of isolated enteric neurons and glia from the myenteric plexus of the adult mouse.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (78), (2013).</li><li>Fried, D. E., Gulbransen, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+Ca2++imaging+of+the+enteric+nervous+system.">In situ Ca2+ imaging of the enteric nervous system.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (95), (2015).</li><li>Bernstein, C. N., Vidrich, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation,+identification,+and+culture+of+normal+mouse+colonic+glia.">Isolation, identification, and culture of normal mouse colonic glia.</a> Glia. 12 (2), 108-116 (1994).</li><li>Jaeger, C. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+enteric+ganglia+from+the+myenteric+plexus+of+adult+rats.">Isolation of enteric ganglia from the myenteric plexus of adult rats.</a> Journal of Neural Transplantation &amp; Plasticity. 5 (4), 223-232 (1995).</li><li>Almond, S., Lindley, R. M., Kenny, S. E., Connell, M. G., Edgar, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterisation+and+transplantation+of+enteric+nervous+system+progenitor+cells.">Characterisation and transplantation of enteric nervous system progenitor cells.</a> Gut. 56 (4), 489-496 (2007).</li><li>Ruhl, A., Trotter, J., Stremmel, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+enteric+glia+and+establishment+of+transformed+enteroglial+cell+lines+from+the+myenteric+plexus+of+adult+rat.">Isolation of enteric glia and establishment of transformed enteroglial cell lines from the myenteric plexus of adult rat.</a> Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility. 13 (1), 95-106 (2001).</li><li>Boyen, G. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distribution+of+enteric+glia+and+GDNF+during+gut+inflammation.">Distribution of enteric glia and GDNF during gut inflammation.</a> BMC Gastroenterology. 11, 3 (2011).</li><li>Rosenbaum, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+Myenteric+Glia+during+Acute+Inflammation+In+Vitro+and+In+Vivo.">Activation of Myenteric Glia during Acute Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo.</a> Public Library of Science One. 11 (3), e0151335 (2016).</li><li>Zhuo, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=hGFAP-cre+transgenic+mice+for+manipulation+of+glial+and+neuronal+function+in+vivo.">hGFAP-cre transgenic mice for manipulation of glial and neuronal function in vivo.</a> Genesis. 31 (2), 85-94 (2001).</li><li>Boesmans, W., Lasrado, R., Vanden Berghe, P., Pachnis, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heterogeneity+and+phenotypic+plasticity+of+glial+cells+in+the+mammalian+enteric+nervous+system.">Heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity of glial cells in the mammalian enteric nervous system.</a> Glia. 63 (2), 229-241 (2015).</li><li>Shaner, N. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+monomeric+red,+orange+and+yellow+fluorescent+proteins+derived+from+Discosoma+sp.+red+fluorescent+protein.">Improved monomeric red, orange and yellow fluorescent proteins derived from Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein.</a> Nature Biotechnology. 22 (12), 1567-1572 (2004).</li><li>Madisen, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+robust+and+high-throughput+Cre+reporting+and+characterization+system+for+the+whole+mouse+brain.">A robust and high-throughput Cre reporting and characterization system for the whole mouse brain.</a> Nature Neuroscience. 13 (1), 133-140 (2010).</li><li>Kabouridis, P. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+gut+microbiota+keeps+enteric+glial+cells+on+the+move;+prospective+roles+of+the+gut+epithelium+and+immune+system.">The gut microbiota keeps enteric glial cells on the move; prospective roles of the gut epithelium and immune system.</a> Gut Microbes. 6 (6), 398-403 (2015).</li><li>Pomeranz, H. D., Sherman, D. L., Smalheiser, N. R., Tennyson, V. M., Gershon, M. 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EGCs spiller en vigtig rolle i gut homøostase, og det er vigtigt at isolere og studere dem in vitro. I denne protokol, blev en simpel metode til at isolere EGCs fra lamina propria af voksen mus tarmen indført for at studere enterisk glial funktion.
Fjernelse af vedhængende mesenterium og LMMP med en vatpind fjerner nogle af de inter-myenteric glia bopæl mellem den langsgående og cirkulær muskler, øger tilgængeligheden af buffere submukøse overflade og fjerner meget af de stø...

Interesse i funktionen af entero glial celler (EGCs) steget støt på grund af deres anerkendte roller i den gut-integritet og homøostase1,-2. Derudover EGCs varierer alt efter deres placering langs længden af GI-tarmkanalen3,4. EGCs frigive forskellige trofiske faktorer herunder glial celle-afledte neurotrope faktor (GDNF), bidrage til at gut motilitet1,5 og reagere på mikrobiel biprodukter6,7. Undersøgelser har vist, at befolkningens Ergoguidekonceptet er heterogene og at deres funktion varierer afhængigt af om de er submukøse eller opholde sig myenteric plexus1,7. For eksempel, bidrage EGCs inden for submucosa til stramme kryds8. Differential GFAP udtryk og fosforylering i EGCs har været forbundet med Parkinsons sygdom, hvilket tyder på deres mulige link til gut Fænotypen af denne lidelse9. For nylig, blev det observeret, at tabet af nukleare protein menin i isolerede kulturer af EGCs fra den proksimale intestinal submucosa var tilstrækkelig til at fremkalde udtryk af hormonet gastrin10. Som et resultat, blev det foreslået at EGCs er oprindelsen af duodenal gastrinomas, en type af neuroendokrine tumor10. Kollektivt, understrege disse eksempler relevansen af at studere adfærd og funktion af isolerede EGCs i neuropatiske lidelser og kræft11.
Udfordring i feltet forbliver sådan isolere og studere et eller begge EGC populationer i vitro. Afstamning sporingen eksperimenter viste, at EGCs i submucosa og lamina propria stammer fra stamceller i myenteric plexus7. Selv om der er flere offentliggjorte isolation protokoller kan generere kulturer af myenteric EGCs12,13,14,15,16,17, 18,19, ingen specifikt mål Isolationsgrad af submukøse/lamina propria EGC bestand. Eksisterende protokoller for EGC isolation bruge specifikt en kombination af den mekaniske adskillelse eller microdissection af den glatte muskulatur kombineret med enzymatisk dissociation, til sidst kassere den slimhinde cellelag.
Målet med dette manuskript er at demonstrere fremgangsmåden til ikke-enzymatisk isolere primære EGCs fra lamina propria for in vitro- undersøgelser. Da der er ingen markører, der specifikt adskiller myenteric EGCs fra dem i submucosa, blev rumlig adskillelse af epitel slimhinden fra den glatte muskulatur udnyttet til at isolere submukøse EGCs. Derudover ved at kombinere EDTA kelation med ikke-enzymatiske dissociation, blev EGCs isoleret fra submucosa i modsætning til den glatte muskulatur, der var frasorteret sammen med de tilknyttede inter-myenteric EGCs. Yderligere adskillelse af submucosa og lamina propria EGCs opstod ved dyrkning af celler på glial celler-venlige substrater, fx poly-D-Lysin og laminin.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-D lysine (1 mg/ml stock)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A-003-E</td>
			<td>Dilute 1:10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminin (0.5 mg/ml stock)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>L4544</td>
			<td>Dilute to 10 &#181;g/mL on ICE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDTA (0.5M)</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>51201</td>
			<td>Dilute 1:100 in DPBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES (1 M)</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>36216004</td>
			<td>Dilute 1:100 in DPBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell Recovery Solution</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>354253</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS)</td>
			<td>HyClone</td>
			<td>SH30028.02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM/F-12</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11320033</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin (100X)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gentamicin (50mg/mL stock)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15750060</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GDNF (10 &#181;g stock)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>SRP3200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine (200 mM stock)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25030-081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chicken anti-GFAP</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>PA1-10004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-a-Smooth Muscle Actin&#160;</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab112022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti-Pgp9.5&#160;</td>
			<td>Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td>NB600-1160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-E-cadherin&#160;</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>AF748</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit S100&#160;</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab34686</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse p75 NTR&#160;</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB5592</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 488 Goat Anti-Chicken IgY</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A-11039</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 488 Donkey Anti-Goat IgG</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A-11055</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 568 Goat Anti-Mouse IgG</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A-11004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 594 Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>R-37119</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Prolong Gold antifade Reagent with DAPI</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>P36931</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fungizone (Amphotericin B) 250 &#181;g/ml</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15290-018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Fura-2-AM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>F-14201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CCK peptide</td>
			<td>Anaspec, Fremont, CA</td>
			<td>AS-20741</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gastrin peptide (Gastrin-17)</td>
			<td>Abbiotec, Bloomington, IN</td>
			<td>350188</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nylon Mesh Celll Strainer (100 &#181;m)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22363549</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nylon Mesh Celll Strainer (40 &#181;m)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22363547</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable Serologic Pipet 5 ml</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-678-11D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.25% Trypsin-EDTA (1X)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation of enteric glial cells from the submucosa and lamina propria of the adult mouse

Det enteriske nervesystem (ENS) består af neuroner og enterisk glial celler (EGCs), der bor i den glatte muskulatur væg, submucosa og lamina propria. EGCs spiller en vigtig rolle i gut homøostase via frigivelse af forskellige trofiske faktorer og bidrage til integriteten af den epitel barriere. De fleste undersøgelser af primære enterisk glial kulturer bruge celler isoleret fra myenteric plexus efter enzymatisk dissociation. Her, er en ikke-enzymatisk metode til at isolere og kultur EGCs fra tarm submucosa og lamina propria beskrevet. Efter manuel fjernelse af langsgående muskel lag, blev EGCs befriet fra lamina propria og submucosa ved hjælp af sekventielle HEPES-buffered EDTA inkubationer efterfulgt af inkubation i kommercielt tilgængelige ikke-enzymatiske celle opsving løsning. EDTA inkubationer var tilstrækkelige til at fratage de fleste af epitel slimhinden fra lamina propria, tillader den celle recovery løsning til at befri de submukøse EGCs. Eventuelle resterende lamina propria og glatte muskulatur blev kasseret sammen med myenteric glia. EGCs var let identificeres ved deres evne til at udtrykke glial fibrillære sure protein (GFAP). Kun omkring 50% af cellesuspension indeholdt GFAP + celler efter endt væv inkubationer og før plating på poly-D-lysin/laminin substrat. Men efter 3 dage for dyrkning af celler i glial celle-afledte neurotrope faktor (GDNF)-indeholdende dyrkningsmedier, cellen befolkningen fastholdelsen af substrat-belagt pladerne består af > 95% enterisk glia. Vi lavet en hybrid mus linje ved avl en hGFAP-Cre mus til linjen ROSA-tdTomato reporter at spore procentdelen af GFAP + celler ved hjælp af endogene celle fluorescens. Ikke-myenteric enterisk glia kan således isoleret af ikke-enzymatiske metoder og kulturperler i mindst 5 dage.

Preps blev betragtet som mislykket, hvis GFAP + celler ikke overholder og spredes inden for 24 timer (figur 4A). Antallet af gliaceller kunne ikke bestemmes før efter 24 timer, når cellerne overholdes og viste tegn på spredning i flade aggregater (figur 4B). Celler i udkanten af klyngerne tendens til at forlænge lange processer og udtrykt klassiske glial markører, fx GFAP, S100b og p75NTR (<strong class="...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Enteric Glial Cells from the Submucosa and Lamina Propria of the Adult Mouse at JoVE.com

Isolation of Enteric Glial Cells from the Submucosa and Lamina Propria of the Adult Mouse

Her beskriver vi isolering af entero-glial celler fra den tarm-submucosa bruge sekventielle EDTA inkubationer til Chelat divalent kationer og derefter inkubation i ikke-enzymatiske celle opsving løsning. Plating den resulterende cellesuspension på poly-D-Lysin og laminin resulterer i en yderst højberiget kultur af submukøse glial celler for funktionelle analyse.

Isolering af entero Glial celler fra Submucosa og Lamina Propria af voksen mus

The enteric nervous system (ENS) consists of neurons and enteric glial cells (EGCs) that reside within the smooth muscle wall, submucosa and lamina ...

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Isolation of Retinal Stem Cells from the Mouse Eye

The adult mouse retinal stem cell (RSC) is a rare quiescent cell found within the ciliary epithelium (CE) of the mammalian eye1,2,3. The CE is made up of ...

Isolation and Culture of Cells from the Nephrogenic Zone of the Embryonic Mouse Kidney

Embryonic development of the kidney has been extensively studied both as a model for epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in organogenesis and  to gain ...

Generation of Mice Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Generering af mus afledt fra induceret pluripotente stamceller

The production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells provides a means to create valuable tools for basic research and may also ...

Isolation and Culture of Dental Epithelial Stem Cells from the Adult Mouse Incisor

Isolering og dyrkning af Dental Epiteliale stamceller fra voksne mus Fortand

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie tooth regeneration and renewal has become a topic of great interest1-4, and the mouse ...

Isolation of Murine Valve Endothelial Cells

Isolering af murint Ventil endotelceller

Normal valve structures consist of stratified layers of specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) interspersed with valve interstitial cells (VICs) and ...

Isolation and Primary Culture of Mouse Aortic Endothelial Cells

Isolering og primær kultur af muse aortaendotelceller

The vascular endothelium is essential to normal vascular homeostasis. Its dysfunction participates in various cardiovascular disorders. The mouse is an ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Mouse Keratinocytes from Neonatal and Adult Mouse Skin

Isolering og kultur af primære muskeratinocytter fra neonatal og voksen mus hud

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin ...

Isolation, Characterization, and Differentiation of Cardiac Stem Cells from the Adult Mouse Heart

Isolation, karakterisering og differentiering af Cardiac stamceller fra voksne mus hjerte

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. A major goal of regenerative medicine is to replenish the dead ...

Isolation of Myoepithelial Cells from Adult Murine Lacrimal and Submandibular Glands

Isolering af Myoepitelial celler fra voksne murine lacrimal og submandibulære kirtler

The lacrimal gland (LG) is an exocrine tubuloacinar gland that secretes an aqueous layer of tear film. The LG epithelial tree is comprised of acinar, ...

Simultaneous Isolation and Culture of Atrial Myocytes, Ventricular Myocytes, and Non-Myocytes from an Adult Mouse Heart

Samtidig isolation og kultur af atrie myocytter, ventrikulære myocytter og ikke-myocytter fra et voksent musehjerte

The isolation and culturing of cardiac myocytes from mice has been essential for furthering the understanding of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. ...