Name: methods of ex situ and in situ investigations of structural transformations: the case of crystallization of metallic glasses
Uploaded: 2018-06-07T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses at JoVE.com

这项工作得到斯洛伐克研究和发展局根据合同编号的支持。APVV-16-0079 和 APVV-15-0621, 赠款维加 1/0182/16 和维加 2/0082/17 和 Palacký大学的内部 IGA 赠款 (IGA_PrF_2018_002)。我们感谢 R. Rüffer (ESRF, 格勒诺布尔) 为同步辐射实验提供帮助。

1. 镁的制备
注: 为了演示 NFS 与穆斯堡尔光谱的广泛诊断能力, 设计了适当的镁成分, 即 (Fe3Co1)76钼8铜1B15 (在 .%)。该系统显示了从铁磁向顺磁态过渡到结晶开始的磁场。此外, 晶粒在第一结晶过程中出现, 形成 bcc-铁, Co 相。因为钴在 bcc 格子的某些原子位置替换铁, 偏差在各自超精细相互作用发生。
<ol><li>熔体的制备 注: 穆斯...

<ol>
	<li>McHenry, M. E., Laughlin, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nano-scale+materials+development+for+future+magnetic+applications.">Nano-scale materials development for future magnetic applications.</a> Acta Mater. 48 (1), 223-238 (2000).</li><li>Chang, Y. -. H., Hsu, C. -. H., Chu, H. -. L., Chang, C. -. W., Chan, W. -. S., Lee, C. h. -. Y., Yao, C. -. S., He, Y. -. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+uneven+surface+on+magnetic+properties+of+Fe-based+amorphous+transformer.">Effect of uneven surface on magnetic properties of Fe-based amorphous transformer.</a> Int. J. Elect. Comp. Energetic, Electronic and Commun. Eng. 5 (8), 1160-1164 (2011).</li><li>Herzer, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modern+soft+magnets:+Amorphous+and+nanocrystalline+materials.">Modern soft magnets: Amorphous and nanocrystalline materials.</a> Acta Mater. 61 (3), 718-734 (2013).</li><li>Yoshizawa, Y., Oguma, A., Yamauchi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+Fe-based+soft+magnetic-alloys+composed+of+ultrafine+grain-structure.">New Fe-based soft magnetic-alloys composed of ultrafine grain-structure.</a> J. Appl. Phys. 64 (10), 6044-6046 (1988).</li><li>Suzuki, K., Kataoka, N., Inoue, A., Makino, A., Masumoto, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+saturation+magnetization+and+soft+magnetic-properties+of+bcc+Fe-Zr-B+alloys+with+ultrafine+grain-structure.">High saturation magnetization and soft magnetic-properties of bcc Fe-Zr-B alloys with ultrafine grain-structure.</a> Mater. Trans. JIM. 31 (8), 743-746 (1990).</li><li>Willard, M. A., Laughlin, D. E., McHenry, M. E., Thoma, D., Sickafus, K., Cross, J. O., Harris, V. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure+and+magnetic+properties+of+(Fe0.5Co0.5)(88)Zr7B4Cu1+nanocrystalline+alloys.">Structure and magnetic properties of (Fe0.5Co0.5)(88)Zr7B4Cu1 nanocrystalline alloys.</a> J. Appl. Phys. 84 (88), 6773-6777 (1998).</li><li>Makino, A., Men, H., Kubota, T., Yubuta, K., Inoue, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+Fe-metalloids+based+nanocrystalline+alloys+with+high+B-s+of+1.9+T+and+excellent+magnetic+softness.">New Fe-metalloids based nanocrystalline alloys with high B-s of 1.9 T and excellent magnetic softness.</a> J. Appl. Phys. 105 (7), (2009).</li><li>Suzuki, K., Herzer, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnetic-field-induced+anisotropies+and+exchange+softening+in+Fe-rich+nanocrystalline+soft+magnetic+alloys.">Magnetic-field-induced anisotropies and exchange softening in Fe-rich nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys.</a> Scripta Mater. 67 (6), 548-553 (2012).</li><li>Hasegawa, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+amorphous+and+nanocrystalline+materials.">Advances in amorphous and nanocrystalline materials.</a> J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 324 (21), 3555-3557 (2012).</li><li>Hristoforou, E., Reilly, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nonuniformity+in+amorphous+ribbon+delay+lines+after+stress+and+current+annealing.">Nonuniformity in amorphous ribbon delay lines after stress and current annealing.</a> J. Appl. Phys. 69 (8), 5008-5010 (1991).</li><li>Hristoforou, E., Niarchos, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fast+characterization+of+magnetostrictive+delay-lines.">Fast characterization of magnetostrictive delay-lines.</a> IEEE Trans. Magn. 29 (6), 3147-3149 (1993).</li><li>Miglierini, M., Lan&#269;ok, A., Kohout, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hyperfine+fields+in+nanocrystalline+Fe-Zr-B+probed+by+57Fe+nuclear+magnetic+resonance+spectroscopy.">Hyperfine fields in nanocrystalline Fe-Zr-B probed by 57Fe nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 (21), (2010).</li><li>Kohout, J., K&#345;i&#353;&#357;an, P., Kub&#225;niov&#225;, D., Kmje&#269;, T., Z&#225;v&#283;ta, K., &#352;tep&#225;nkov&#225;, H., Lan&#269;ok, A., Sklenka, &. #. 3. 1. 7. ;., Mat&#250;&#353;, P., Miglierini, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low+Temperature+Behavior+of+Hyperfine+Fields+in+Amorphous+and+Nanocrystalline+FeMoCuB.">Low Temperature Behavior of Hyperfine Fields in Amorphous and Nanocrystalline FeMoCuB.</a> J. Appl. Phys. 117 (17), 1-17 (2015).</li><li>G&#252;tlich, P. h., Bill, E., Trautwein, A. X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> M&#246;ssbauer Spectroscopy and Transition Metal Chemistry. , (2011).</li><li>Stankov, S., Sepiol, B., Ka&#328;uch, T., Scherjau, D., W&#252;rschum, R., Miglierini, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+Temperature+Mössbauer+Effect+Study+of+Fe90Zr7B3+Nanocrystalline+Alloy.">High Temperature Mössbauer Effect Study of Fe90Zr7B3 Nanocrystalline Alloy.</a> J. Phys.: Condens. Mat. 17 (21), 3183-3196 (2005).</li><li>Smirnov, G. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=General+properties+of+nuclear+resonant+scattering.">General properties of nuclear resonant scattering.</a> Hyperfine Int. 123 (1-8), 31-77 (1999).</li><li>R&#246;hlsberger, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Nuclear Condensed Matter Physics with Synchrotron Radiation. , (2004).</li><li>Miglierini, M., Proch&#225;zka, V., Stankov, S., &#352;vec, P., Zajac, M., Kohout, J., Lan&#269;ok, A., Jani&#269;kovi&#269;, D., &#352;vec, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crystallization+kinetics+of+nanocrystalline+alloys+revealed+by+in-situ+nuclear+forward+scattering+of+synchrotron+radiation.">Crystallization kinetics of nanocrystalline alloys revealed by in-situ nuclear forward scattering of synchrotron radiation.</a> Phys. Rev. B. 86 (2), (2012).</li><li>Miglierini, M., Proch&#225;zka, V., R&#252;ffer, R., Zbo&#345;il, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+crystallization+of+metallic+glasses+during+magnetic+annealing.">In situ crystallization of metallic glasses during magnetic annealing.</a> Acta Mater. 91, 50-56 (2015).</li><li>Proch&#225;zka, V., Vrba, V., Smr&#269;ka, D., R&#252;ffer, R., Mat&#250;&#353;, P., Ma&#353;l&#225;&#328;, M., Miglierini, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+transformation+of+NANOPERM-type+metallic+glasses+followed+in+situ+by+synchrotron+radiation+during+thermal+annealing+in+external+magnetic+field.">Structural transformation of NANOPERM-type metallic glasses followed in situ by synchrotron radiation during thermal annealing in external magnetic field.</a> J. Alloy. Compounds. 638, 398-404 (2015).</li><li>Miglierini, M., Pavlovi&#269;, M., Proch&#225;zka, V., Hatala, T., Schumacher, G., R&#252;ffer, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolution+of+structure+and+local+magnetic+fields+during+crystallization+of+HITPERM+glassy+alloys+studied+by+in+situ+diffraction+and+nuclear+forward+scattering+of+synchrotron+radiation.">Evolution of structure and local magnetic fields during crystallization of HITPERM glassy alloys studied by in situ diffraction and nuclear forward scattering of synchrotron radiation.</a> Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17 (42), 28239-28249 (2015).</li><li>Miglierini, M. B., Proch&#225;zka, V., Khodaei, M., Petaccia, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanocrystallization+of+Metallic+Glasses+Followed+by+in+situ+Nuclear+Forward+Scattering+of+Synchrotron+Radiation.">Nanocrystallization of Metallic Glasses Followed by in situ Nuclear Forward Scattering of Synchrotron Radiation.</a> X-ray Characterization of Nanomaterials by Synchrotron Radiation. , 7-29 (2017).</li><li>Miglierini, M., Mat&#250;&#353;, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+Modifications+of+Metallic+Glasses+Followed+by+Techniques+of+Nuclear+Resonances.">Structural Modifications of Metallic Glasses Followed by Techniques of Nuclear Resonances.</a> Pure Appl. Chem. 89 (4), 405-417 (2017).</li><li>&#381;&#225;k, T., Jir&#225;skov&#225;, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CONFIT:+M&#246;ssbauer+spectra+fitting+program.">CONFIT: M&#246;ssbauer spectra fitting program.</a> Surf. Interf. Anal. 38 (4), 710-714 (2006).</li><li>R&#252;ffer, R., Chumakov, A. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nuclear-resonance+beamline+at+ESRF.">Nuclear-resonance beamline at ESRF.</a> Hyperfine Interact. (1-4), 589-604 (1996).</li><li>Sturhahn, W., Gerdau, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+time-differential+measurements+of+nuclear-resonance+scattering.">Evaluation of time-differential measurements of nuclear-resonance scattering.</a> of X-rays Phys. Rev. B. 49 (14), 9285-9294 (1994).</li><li>Sturhahn, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CONUSS+and+PHOENIX:+Evaluation+of+nuclear+resonant+scattering+data.">CONUSS and PHOENIX: Evaluation of nuclear resonant scattering data.</a> Hyperfine Interact. 125 (1-4), 149-172 (2000).</li><li>Vrba, V., Proch&#225;zka, V., Smr&#269;ka, D., Miglierini, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advanced+Approach+to+the+Analysis+of+a+Series+of+in-situ+Nuclear+Forward+Scattering+Experiments.">Advanced Approach to the Analysis of a Series of in-situ Nuclear Forward Scattering Experiments.</a> Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A. 847, 111-116 (2017).</li><li>Miglierini, M., Gren&#232;che, J. -. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=M&#246;ssbauer+Spectrometry+of+Fe(Cu)MB-Type+Nanocrystalline+Alloys:+I.+The+Fitting+Model+for+the+M&#246;ssbauer+Spectra.">M&#246;ssbauer Spectrometry of Fe(Cu)MB-Type Nanocrystalline Alloys: I. The Fitting Model for the M&#246;ssbauer Spectra.</a> J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 9 (10), 2303-2319 (1997).</li><li>M&#252;lhaupt, G., R&#252;ffer, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Properties+of+synchrotron+radiation.">Properties of synchrotron radiation.</a> Hyperfine Int. 123 (1-8), 13-30 (1999).</li><li>R&#252;ffer, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nuclear+resonance+scattering.">Nuclear resonance scattering.</a> C. R. Physique. 9 (5-6), 595-607 (2008).</li><li>Seto, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Condensed+matter+physics+using+nuclear+resonant+scattering.">Condensed matter physics using nuclear resonant scattering.</a> J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82 (2), 021016 (2013).</li><li>Machala, L., Proch&#225;zka, V., Miglierini, M., Sharma, V. K., Maru&#353;&#225;k, Z., Wille, H. -. C. h., Zbo&#345;il, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+Evidence+of+Fe(V)+and+Fe(IV)+Intermediates+during+Reduction+of+Fe(VI)+to+Fe(III):+A+Nuclear+Forward+Scattering+of+Synchrotron+Radiation+Approach.">Direct Evidence of Fe(V) and Fe(IV) Intermediates during Reduction of Fe(VI) to Fe(III): A Nuclear Forward Scattering of Synchrotron Radiation Approach.</a> Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17 (34), 21787-21790 (2015).</li></ol>

前现场穆斯堡尔效应实验描述了在应用热处理后, 在所研究的 MG 中遇到的稳态情况。每种光谱都是在室温下连续数小时收集的。因此, 最初的非晶态结构的演化是作为退火条件的函数来遵循的。由于穆斯堡尔光谱对共振核作用下的超精细相互作用很敏感, 所以可以揭示温度升高引起的结构和/或磁性修正的微弱细节。然而, 当临时改变的条件 (如温度升高) 的影响已经完成时, 在环境条件...

由熔体快速淬火制备的铁基 mg 代表工业上有吸引力的材料与许多实际应用1。特别是因为它们的磁性能往往优于常规 (多晶硅) 晶体合金2,3。为了更好地从它们的有利参数中获益, 应该知道它们对高温的反应。随着温度的升高, 无定形结构松弛, 最终结晶开始。在某些类型的, 这可能导致其磁性参数的恶化, 因此, 性能较差。然而, 有几个家庭的铁基的铁人与特殊成分4,5,6,7 , 其中新形成的水晶谷物是非常精细的, 通常低于约30毫微米的大小。纳米晶能稳定结构, 从而在宽温度范围8、9保持可接受的磁性参数。这些是所谓的纳米晶合金 (NCA)。
在高温和/或恶劣条件下 (电离辐射、腐蚀等) 的长期性能可靠性要求对其行为和个别物理参数有透彻的了解。由于是无定形的, 分析技术的分类是相当有限的。例如, 衍射方法提供了广泛和无特色的反射, 只能用于验证 amorphicity。
值得注意的是, 有几种, 通常是间接的方法, 提供快速和无损的特性,例如, 磁致伸缩延时线传感原理。该方法提供了结构和应力状态的快速表征, 包括不均匀性的存在。它有利地适用于快速和非破坏性的描述沿镁丝带10,11的整个长度。
更详细的洞察到无序的结构安排可以通过超精细相互作用, 敏感地反映共振原子的局部原子安排来实现。此外, 还可以揭示拓扑和化学短距离阶的变化。在这方面, 在57Fe 核上进行的核磁共振 (NMR) 光谱分析和/或穆斯堡尔光谱分析的方法应该被认为是12,13。前者的方法只对磁偶极子超精细相互作用提供响应, 后者对电四极相互作用也很敏感。因此, 穆斯堡尔分光光度法同时提供了共振铁核14的结构布置和磁态的同时可用信息。
然而, 为了获得合理的统计数据, 穆斯堡尔频谱的获取通常需要几个小时。这一限制应特别考虑到温度依赖性实验的设想。在实验过程中应用的高温导致了研究的15的结构修改。因此, 只有在室温下进行的原位实验, 在一定温度下进行退火, 然后返回到环境条件下, 才能提供可靠的结果。
在热处理过程中, 镁结构的演变是通过分析技术进行的, 这种方法可以快速获取数据, 例如同步辐射 (DSR) 的 X 射线衍射, 差分扫描量热 (DSC), 或磁性测量。虽然现场实验是可能的, 获得的信息涉及结构 (DSR, DSC) 或磁性 (磁性数据) 的特点。然而, 在 DSC (和磁性测量) 的情况下, 在结晶过程中出现的 (纳米) 晶粒的识别是不可能的。另一方面, DSR 数据并不表示所调查系统的磁状态。这种情况的解决方案是利用超精细交互的技术: 同步辐射16的 NFS。它属于一组利用核共振散射过程17的方法。由于从第三代同步辐射获得的辐射极高的光辉,在原位条件下的温度 NFS 实验成为可行的18,19,20,21 ,22,23。
穆斯堡尔光谱和 NFS 都受与57铁核能级之间的核共振有关的物理原理所制约。然而, 虽然前者扫描超精细在能源领域的互动, 后者提供干涉的时间域。这样, 从两种方法得到的结果是等价的和互补的。为了评估 NFS 数据, 必须建立一个合理的物理模型。这项具有挑战性的任务可以通过提供第一个估计的穆斯堡尔光谱的帮助来完成。这两种方法的互补性意味着,原位NFS 检查瞬态状态和穆斯堡尔谱反映了稳定状态,即研究的材料的初始和/或最终状态。
本文详细介绍了这两种不常用的核共振方法的应用: 在这里, 我们将它们应用于在 a (Fe2.85Co1)77钼8铜1中发生的结构修改的调查.B14毫克接触热处理。我们希望这篇文章吸引研究人员的兴趣, 利用这些技术来调查类似的现象, 最终用不同类型的材料。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="728">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;width:216px;">stable isotope, 57Fe</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Isoflex USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">iron-57</td>
			<td style="width:247px;">metallic form</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">standard eletrolytic Fe, 99.95 %</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Sigma Aldrich (Merck)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.03819</td>
			<td>fine powder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">electrolytic Co, 99.85 %</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Sigma Aldrich (Merck)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.12211</td>
			<td>fine powder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">electrolytic Cu, 99.8 %</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Sigma Aldrich (Merck)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.02703</td>
			<td>fine powder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">electrolytic Mo, 99.95 %</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Sigma Aldrich (Merck)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.12254</td>
			<td>fine powder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">crystalline B, 99.95 %</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Sigma Aldrich (Merck)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">266620</td>
			<td>crystalline</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">calibration foil for M&#246;ssbauer spectrometry, bcc-Fe</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">GoodFellow</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">564-385-23</td>
			<td>foil 0.0125 mm, purity 99.85 %</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="44">
			<td height="44" style="height:44px;width:216px;">HNO3 acid, ANALPURE Ultra</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Analytika Praha, Czech Republic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">UAc0061a</td>
			<td>concentration 67 %, volume 500 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">spectrometer for atomic absorption spectrometry</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Perkin Elmer 1100, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">spectrometer for optical emmission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Jobin Yvon 70 Plus, France</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">X-ray diffractometer</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Bruker D8 Advance, USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">differential scanning calorimeter</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Perkin Elmer DSC 7, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

methods of ex situ and in situ investigations of structural transformations: the case of crystallization of metallic glasses

我们演示了采用两种基于核的分析方法, 可以遵循铁基金属玻璃的显微组织安排的修改。尽管它们的非晶性质, 超精细相互作用的识别揭示了微弱的结构修改。为此, 我们使用了两种技术, 利用核共振在稳定的57Fe 同位素的核水平, 即穆斯堡尔光谱和核前向散射 (NFS) 的同步辐射。利用原位试验和原位实验的结果, 讨论了热处理对 (Fe2.85Co1)77钼8铜1B14毫克的影响。由于这两种方法对超精细的相互作用都很敏感, 所以可以随时获得关于结构布置和磁性显微组织的信息。穆斯堡尔分光光度法对在一定条件下 (温度、时间) 退火后的室温下的结构布置和磁性显微结构的变化进行了描述, 从而使该技术检查稳定国家。另一方面, 在动态变化的温度和 nfs 检查瞬态状态时, 会在原位记录 nfs 数据。这两种技术的使用都提供了互补信息。一般情况下, 它们可以应用于任何合适的系统, 其中重要的是要知道它的稳定状态, 而且是瞬态状态。

图 2中的 XRD 模式呈现出广泛的无特征衍射峰。观察到的反射表明, 所生产的带状 (Fe2.85Co1)77钼8铜1B14毫克是 XRD 无定形。
由于其灵敏度, XRD 在揭示表面结晶方面有一定的局限性。晶粒的存在不到2-3% 的毫克是不重要的。因此, 有时使用 "XRD 非晶" 一词。
<p ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses at JoVE.com

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

在这里, 我们提出了一个协议, 以描述原位和原位调查的结构转换在金属玻璃。我们采用了以核为基础的分析方法来检查超精细的相互作用。在温度驱动实验中, 我们证明了穆斯堡尔光谱和同步辐射核前向散射的适用性。

结构转换的原位和原位研究方法: 金属玻璃结晶的实例

We demonstrate the use of two nuclear-based analytical methods that can follow the modifications of microstructural arrangement of iron-based metallic ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

原位减量硫系中红外光纤产生超连续谱

Supercontinuum  generation (SCG) in a tapered chalcogenide fiber is desirable for broadening mid-infrared  (or mid-IR, roughly the 2-20 &mu;m wavelength ...

科研

工程学

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

原位中子衍射用特制的锂离子电池

Li-ion batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices and are considered as promising candidates for higher-energy applications such as electric ...

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

散装异质结太阳能电池的印刷和制作<em&gt;原位</em&gt;形态特征

Polymer-based materials hold promise as low-cost, flexible efficient photovoltaic devices. Most laboratory efforts to achieve high performance devices ...

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

在没有聚集的层状钛酸盐薄膜透明的层间金纳米粒子的原位合成

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs ...

In Situ Visualization of the Phase Behavior of Oil Samples Under Refinery Process Conditions

In Situ Visualization of the Phase Behavior of Oil Samples Under Refinery Process Conditions

在油样品的相行为在炼油工艺条件的原位可视化

To help address production issues in refineries caused by the fouling of process units and lines, we have developed a setup as well as a method to ...

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens

一种新的方法<em&gt;原位</em&gt;纳米级样品的机电表征

Electrically assisted deformation (EAD) is increasingly being used to improve the formability of metals during processes such as sheet metal rolling and ...

Measuring the Densities of Aqueous Glasses at Cryogenic Temperatures

在低温下测量水性玻璃的密度

We demonstrate a method for determining the vitreous phase cryogenic temperature densities of aqueous mixtures, and other samples that require rapid ...

In Situ Monitoring of the Accelerated Performance Degradation of Solar Cells and Modules: A Case Study for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells

In Situ Monitoring of the Accelerated Performance Degradation of Solar Cells and Modules: A Case Study for CuIn,GaSe2 Solar Cells

就地太阳能电池和模块加速性能退化的监测: 铜 (in, Ga) Se2太阳能电池的实例研究

The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of photovoltaic (PV) systems is determined by, among other factors, the PV module reliability. Better prediction ...

In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure

In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure

就地氢气输送基础设施用普通高分子材料的高压氢摩擦学试验

High pressure hydrogen gas is known to adversely affect metallic components of compressors, valves, hoses, and actuators. However, relatively little is ...

Experimental Procedure for Laboratory Studies of In Situ Burning : Flammability and Burning Efficiency of Crude Oil

Experimental Procedure for Laboratory Studies of In Situ Burning : Flammability and Burning Efficiency of Crude Oil

原位燃烧试验方法: 原油可燃性和燃烧效率

A new method for the simultaneous study of the flammability and burning efficiency of fresh and weathered crude oil through two experimental laboratory ...