Name: murine oropharyngeal aspiration model of ventilator-associated and hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia
Uploaded: 2018-06-28T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia at JoVE.com

この作品は、国立研究所のアレルギーと感染症国立衛生研究 [許可番号 R01 AI117211、R01 AI130060、R21 AI127954、BS に R42 AI106375] と米国食品医薬品局 [契約によって支えられました。BML に HHSF223201710199C]。

動物を含むすべてのプロシージャは、研究員の制度的動物ケアおよび使用委員会 (IACUC) によって承認される必要があります。
1. 菌の準備
<ol><li>細菌のコロニーを分離します。<ol>
<li>適切な滅菌寒天培地 (例えば、トリプシン大豆寒天)、上 (例えば、 A. baumannii "HUMC1") 菌株の連勝されて隔離されたコロニーを生成するように注意してください。</li>
		<li...

<ol>
	<li>Spellberg, B., Talbot, G. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recommended+Design+Features+of+Future+Clinical+Trials+of+Antibacterial+Agents+for+Hospital-Acquired+Bacterial+Pneumonia+and+Ventilator-Associated+Bacterial+Pneumonia.">Recommended Design Features of Future Clinical Trials of Antibacterial Agents for Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia.</a> Clinical Infectious Diseases. 51 (S1), S150-S170 (2010).</li><li>Kalil, A. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Management+of+Adults+With+Hospital-acquired+and+Ventilator-associated+Pneumonia:+2016+Clinical+Practice+Guidelines+by+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America+and+the+American+Thoracic+Society.">Management of Adults With Hospital-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society.</a> Clinical Infectious Diseases. 63 (5), e61-e111 (2016).</li><li>Medina, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Murine+model+of+pneumococcal+pneumonia.">Murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. , 405-410 (2010).</li><li>Azoulay-Dupuis, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+efficacy+of+a+new+fluoroquinolone,+sparfloxacin,+against+penicillin-susceptible+and+-resistant+and+multiresistant+strains+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+in+a+mouse+model+of+pneumonia.">In vivo efficacy of a new fluoroquinolone, sparfloxacin, against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant and multiresistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a mouse model of pneumonia.</a> Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 36 (12), 2698-2703 (1992).</li><li>Mizgerd, J. P., Skerrett, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+human+pneumonia.">Animal models of human pneumonia.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 294 (3), L387-L398 (2008).</li><li>Rayamajhi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Non-surgical+intratracheal+instillation+of+mice+with+analysis+of+lungs+and+lung+draining+lymph+nodes+by+flow+cytometry.">Non-surgical intratracheal instillation of mice with analysis of lungs and lung draining lymph nodes by flow cytometry.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (51), (2011).</li><li>Nielsen, T. B., Bruhn, K. W., Pantapalangkoor, P., Junus, J. L., Spellberg, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cryopreservation+of+virulent+Acinetobacter+baumannii+to+reduce+variability+of+in+vivo+studies.">Cryopreservation of virulent Acinetobacter baumannii to reduce variability of in vivo studies.</a> BMC Microbiology. 15, 252 (2015).</li><li>Trammell, R. A., Toth, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Markers+for+predicting+death+as+an+outcome+for+mice+used+in+infectious+disease+research.">Markers for predicting death as an outcome for mice used in infectious disease research.</a> Comparative Medicine. 61 (6), 492-498 (2011).</li><li>Bast, D. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+murine+model+of+pneumococcal+pneumonia:+use+of+temperature+as+a+measure+of+disease+severity+to+compare+the+efficacies+of+moxifloxacin+and+levofloxacin.">Novel murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia: use of temperature as a measure of disease severity to compare the efficacies of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin.</a> Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 48 (9), 3343-3348 (2004).</li><li>Hankenson, F. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Weight+loss+and+reduced+body+temperature+determine+humane+endpoints+in+a+mouse+model+of+ocular+herpesvirus+infection.">Weight loss and reduced body temperature determine humane endpoints in a mouse model of ocular herpesvirus infection.</a> Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 52 (3), 277-285 (2013).</li><li>Adamson, T. W., Diaz-Arevalo, D., Gonzalez, T. M., Liu, X., Kalkum, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypothermic+endpoint+for+an+intranasal+invasive+pulmonary+aspergillosis+mouse+model.">Hypothermic endpoint for an intranasal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis mouse model.</a> Comparative Medicine. 63 (6), 477-481 (2013).</li><li>Nielsen, T. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diabetes+Exacerbates+Infection+via+Hyperinflammation+by+Signaling+through+TLR4+and+RAGE.">Diabetes Exacerbates Infection via Hyperinflammation by Signaling through TLR4 and RAGE.</a> mBio. 8 (4), (2017).</li><li>Nielsen, T. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monoclonal+Antibody+Protects+Against+Acinetobacter+baumannii+Infection+by+Enhancing+Bacterial+Clearance+and+Evading+Sepsis.">Monoclonal Antibody Protects Against Acinetobacter baumannii Infection by Enhancing Bacterial Clearance and Evading Sepsis.</a> Journal of Infectious Diseases. 216 (4), 489-501 (2017).</li><li>Cheng, B. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+serotypes+5+and+8+capsular+polysaccharides+in+protection+against+Staphylococcus+aureus+in+murine+models+of+infection.">Evaluation of serotypes 5 and 8 capsular polysaccharides in protection against Staphylococcus aureus in murine models of infection.</a> Human Vaccine Immunotherapy. 13 (7), 1609-1614 (2017).</li><li>Wong, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+and+Pathophysiological+Overview+of+Acinetobacter+Infections:+a+Century+of+Challenges.">Clinical and Pathophysiological Overview of Acinetobacter Infections: a Century of Challenges.</a> Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 30 (1), 409-447 (2017).</li></ol>

確かに、マウスは、ミニチュアの人間ではないです。マウス モデルから得られた結果をコンテキストでみなされておりその後の違いと 2 種6間の類似性に基づく人間への適用性の解釈する必要があります。それはまたとして適切なマウスの歪みを選択することが重要あるが他の人よりもいくつかの感染症の影響を受けやすい選択16の病原体の歪みも同様です...

下部呼吸器感染症は世界最悪の伝染病および開発途上国1の死の最も一般的な原因です。世界的に、これらの感染症は以上 320 万の死1を占めています。さらに、院内肺炎医療取得感染の最も一般的な致命的な形態の間では、最も耐性病原体2,3によって引き起こされます。両方コミュニティ-取得肺炎および院内肺炎の買収の一般的なルートは、肺胞に咽頭内容の吸引です。多くの場合これらの病気を研究するために使用マウスのモデル鼻腔内接種4を使用オフのターゲット合併症と副鼻腔炎と物理的な外傷、病気と合同であるような症状を引き起こす肺の外の細菌の大部分を入金モデルだった人間の進行をエミュレートするように設計。他のモデルは、micromisting デバイスより正確に模倣するウイルス、結核性、および真菌性肺炎が、典型的な細菌性肺炎のための獲得の通常のルートを正確に要約できない吸入室を使用できます。
マウスの咽頭吸引性肺炎モデルは自然なルートと細菌性肺炎の病態をシミュレートするために利用されるかもしれない。接種した 50 μ L ピペットを使用して麻酔下のマウスの中咽頭に細菌懸濁液、によって伝染性肺炎の結果再帰吸引はすさまじい。このモデルを使用して、1 つは肺炎の原因となる病原体と人間にみられる誤嚥肺炎感染症に類似したより高い忠実度モデルこれらの疾病と戦うための新しい治療法の病態を調べることができます。さらに、口腔内5,6を介して感染する同様のモデルとは異なりこのモデルでは、完全菌それはオフサイトの炎症、感染症、胃炎などを引き起こすことができる腸ではなく肺に達すると腸炎。最後に、喉頭鏡を必要とし、気管7まで再接種別のパブリッシュされたモデルとは異なり、このモデルは強制経口投与針で気道を妨げない、接種配信の注射は必要ありません。代わりに、接種はマウスの自然吸引反射に依存しています。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Agar</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>214530</td>
			<td>Combine with TSB to make TSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Beads, Borosilicate Glass</td>
			<td>Kimble</td>
			<td>135003</td>
			<td>Sterilize by baking or autoclaving before each use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Beaker, 250 mL</td>
			<td>Pyrex</td>
			<td>1003</td>
			<td>Used during precise aliquoting of concentrated bacterial inocula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Sorvall</td>
			<td>ST 40R</td>
			<td>Capable of 4,000&#215;g at 4&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chamber for Anesthesia</td>
			<td>Kent Scientific Corporation</td>
			<td>VetFlo-0720</td>
			<td>Accommodates up to 5 mice</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryomold, Intermediate Size</td>
			<td>Sakura Tissue-Tek</td>
			<td>4566</td>
			<td>Disposable vinyl specimen molds, 15&#215;15&#215;5 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dental Floss</td>
			<td>Oral-B</td>
			<td>37000469537</td>
			<td>Tie to stable post approx. 6&#34; above table height</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>82027-440</td>
			<td>Used to gently pull tongue out of mouse&#39;s mouth</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Homogenizer for Lung Tissue</td>
			<td>Omni International</td>
			<td>TM125-115</td>
			<td>Autoclave before first use; rinse between samples</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane for Anesthesia</td>
			<td>Abbott</td>
			<td>10015516</td>
			<td>Alternative drug can be used; modify procedure accordingly</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>iSTAT Cartridge</td>
			<td>Abbott</td>
			<td>03P79-25</td>
			<td>Various cartridges are available to suit your needs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine, 100 mg/mL</td>
			<td>Western Medical Supply</td>
			<td>4165</td>
			<td>Dilute 1:10 in PBS to 1 mg/mL and combine with Xylazine at 1 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ointment for Eyes</td>
			<td>Akorn</td>
			<td>Tears Renewed</td>
			<td>Avoid touching eye with tip of dispenser</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optimal Cutting Temperature (O.C.T.) Compound</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>23-730-571</td>
			<td>Used to freeze lung samples at -80 &#176;C to prepare for pathology sectioning</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petri Dish</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>25384-302</td>
			<td>Polystyrene, disposable, sterilized, 100&#215;15 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>21-031-CM</td>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s PBS without calcium and magnesium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipette Tips, 200-&#956;L</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>10017-044</td>
			<td>Autoclave before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipetter, 200-&#956;L</td>
			<td>Gilson</td>
			<td>Pipetman P200</td>
			<td>Autoclave and calibrate before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spreader, Bacterial Cell</td>
			<td>Bel-Art</td>
			<td>F377360006</td>
			<td>Sterilize by baking or autoclaving before each use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stir Bar, Magnetic, 7.9 mm Diameter &#215; 38.1 mm Length</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>58948-150</td>
			<td>Used for stiring concentrated bacterial inocula during aliquoting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stir Plate, Magnetic</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>PC-620D</td>
			<td>Used for stiring concentrated bacterial inocula during aliquoting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB)</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>211822</td>
			<td>Combine with Agar to make TSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vial, Conical, Sterile, 50 mL</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>431720</td>
			<td>Used for preparing bacterial inocula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vial, Conical, Sterile, 500 mL</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>431123</td>
			<td>Used to concentrate inocula for preparing frozen inocula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vial, Cryogenic, 2.0 mL</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430659</td>
			<td>Used for cryogenic storage of concentrated bacterial inocula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine, 20 mg/mL</td>
			<td>Akorn</td>
			<td>AnaSed Injection</td>
			<td>Dilute 1:20 in PBS to 1 mg/mL and combine with Ketamine at 1 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

murine oropharyngeal aspiration model of ventilator-associated and hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia

マウス感染モデルは、病気の発症を理解し、原因となる病原体と戦うために設計された治療の有効性をテストのために重要です。伝染性肺炎はクリニックで患者によって提示される最も一般的な感染症の中で、したがって生体内で適切なモデルを保証します。典型的な肺炎モデルを使用して、ターゲットを合併症と副鼻腔炎、胃炎、腸炎、物理的な外傷または微粒子エアロゾルを模倣する噴霧などの症状を引き起こす肺の外の過剰な生物を預金鼻腔内接種ウイルスや結核性、真菌性肺炎のより典型的なスプレッド。これらのモデルは、コミュニティ- または医療取得の典型的な細菌性肺炎の病態を正確に反映しません。対照的に、この咽頭誤嚥性肺炎マウスモデルはヘルスケア市中肺炎における液滴ルートを模倣します。麻酔下のマウスの中咽頭に懸濁液 50 μ L の細菌を接種再帰誤嚥、肺炎の結果が発生します。このモデルでは、1 つは肺炎の原因となる病原体とこれらの病気と闘うための新しい治療法の病因を調べることができます。

プロトコルに慎重に従うことによって、再現性と信頼性の高いデータを簡単に取得できます。1 互いに比較する実験のためのカスタマイズされた接種準備プロトコルを厳密に遵守するが重要です。また、感染中にマウスを適切に処理することが重要です。必ず欠いてイソフルラン麻酔室にマウスを配置してください。マウスは事前イソフルランで満たされている室に?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia at JoVE.com

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

感染性肺炎は人間の最も一般的な感染症の一つです。生体内で適切なモデルは、疾患病態の理解と治療の有効性をテストに不可欠です。このマウスの咽頭吸引性肺炎モデル病態とこれらの致命的な感染症に対する新しい治療法を調べることが 1 つ。

人工呼吸器関連および院内の細菌性肺炎のマウスの咽頭吸引モデル

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Murine Bioluminescent Hepatic Tumour Model

マウス生物発光肝腫瘤モデル

This video describes the establishment of liver metastases in a mouse model that can be subsequently analysed by bioluminescent imaging. Tumour cells are ...

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer

マウス膀胱癌の同所性モデル

In this straightforward procedure, bladder tumors are established in female C57 mice through the use of catheterization, local cauterization, and ...

A Murine Closed-chest Model of Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion

心筋虚血再灌流障害のマウスクローズド胸モデル

Surgical trauma by thoracotomy in open-chest models of coronary ligation induces an immune response which modifies different mechanisms involved in ...

Murine Model of Wound Healing

創傷治癒のマウスモデル

Wound healing and repair are the most complex biological processes that occur in human life. After injury, multiple biological pathways become activated. ...

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment as a Useful Adjunctive Tool for Pneumonia

肺炎のための有用な補助的ツールとしてのオステオパシー整体

Pneumonia, the inflammatory state of lung tissue primarily due to microbial infection, claimed 52,306 lives in the United States in 20071 and resulted in ...

A Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

くも膜下出血のマウスモデル

In this video publication a standardized mouse model of subarachnoid  hemorrhage (SAH) is presented. Bleeding is induced by endovascular Circle of  Willis ...

Femoral Bone Marrow Aspiration in Live Mice

生きたマウスにおける大腿骨髄吸引

Serial sampling of the cellular composition of bone marrow (BM) is a routine procedure critical to clinical hematology. This protocol describes a detailed ...

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

気管支超音波ガイド下経気管支穿刺吸引を使用して、胸骨下甲状腺生検

Substernal thyroid goiter (STG) represents about 5.8% of all mediastinal lesions1. There is a wide variation in the published incidence rates due to the ...

Th17 Inflammation Model of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Immunodeficient Mice

免疫不全マウスにおける口腔咽頭カンジダ症のTh17細胞炎症モデル

Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (OPC) disease is caused not only due to the lack of host immune resistance, but also the absence of appropriate regulation of ...

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

不可逆とリバーシブル片側尿管閉塞のマウスモデル

Obstruction of the kidney may affect native or transplanted kidneys and results in kidney injury and scarring. Presented here is a model of obstructive ...